Alexander I- the Tsar Who Defeated Napoleon
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D. S. Merezhkovskij, Aleksandr Pervyj (Alexander I) (Moscow: Armada, 1998).
Paul Mourousy, Alexandre Ier, tsar de Russie: un sphinx en Europe (Paris: Editions du Rocher, 1999).
Donald J. Raleigh, (ed.), The Emperors and Empresses of Russia: Rediscovering the Romanovs compiled by A. A. Iskenderov, The New Russian History Series (London: M. E. Sharpe, 1996). Pages 216–55 are devoted to Alexander I’s reign and were written by Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fedorov.
Aleksander N. Sakharov, Aleksandr I (Alexander I) (Moscow: Nauka, 1998).
Aleksander N. Sakharov, Chelovek na trone (A Man on the Throne) (Moscow: Nauka, 1992).
On the Reign of Paul I
Nathan I. Ejdel’ma, Gran’ Vekov politicheskaja bor’ba v Rossii, konec XVIII–nachalo XIX stoletija (The Political Life in Russia, the End of the 18th and Beginning of the 19th Century (Moscow: Mysl’, 1982).
Constantin de Grunwald, L’assassinat de Paul Ier, tsar de Russie (Paris: Hachette, 1960).
Mikhail Jenkins, Arakcheev, Grand Vizier of the Russian Empire (London: Faber and Faber, 1969).
M. V. Klochkov, Ocherki pravitel’stvennoj dejaltel’nosti vremeni Pavla I (Essays on the Governmental Practices during the Time of Paul I) (St. Petersburg: Senatskaja tipografija, 1916).
Roderick Macgrew, Paul I of Russia, 1754–1801 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
Marie Martin, Maria Feodorovna en son temps, 1759–1828, contribution à l’histoire de la Russie et de l’Europe (Paris: L’Harmattan, 2003).
Pierre Morane, Paul I de Russie, avant l’avènement, 1754–1796 (Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1907).
Gennadij Obolenskij, Imperator Pavel I (Emperor Paul I) (Moscow: Russkoe Slovo, 2000).
Aleksej M. Peskov, Pavel I (Paul I) (Moscow: Molodaja Gvardija, 1999).
Hugh Ragsdale, (ed.), Paul I: A Reassessment of His Life and Reign (Pittsburgh, PA: University Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh, 1979).
Hugh Ragsdale, Tsar Paul and the Question of Madness: An Essay in History and Psychology (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988).
Donald J. Raleigh, (ed.), The Emperors and Empresses of Russia: Rediscovering the Romanovs (compiled by A. A. Iskenderov), The New Russian History Series (London: M. E. Sharpe, 1996). Pages 177–215 are devoted to Paul I and were written by Yuri Alekseevich Sorokin.
Nikolay K. Shilder Imperator Pavel I. Istoriko-biograficheskij ocherk (The Emperor Paul Ier. A Historical Biography) (St. Petersburg: A. Suvarin, 1901).
A. Suvorin, (ed.), Careubijstvo 11 marta 1801, zapiski uchastnikov i sovremennikov (St. Petersburg: Vsja Moskva, 1907; new edition, St. Petersburg: Izdatel’skoe ob”edinenie “Kul’tura,” 1990). (The March 11, 1801 murder of the tsar, narratives of actors and contemporaries).
On Domestic Aspects of the Reign of Alexander I
William L. Blackwell, The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization, 1800–1860 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968).
Jerome Blum, Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961).
A. Fedorov, M. M. Speranskij i A. A. Arakcheev (M. M Speransky and A. A. Arakcheev) (Moscow: Izadel’stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1997).
Janet Hartley, A Social History of the Russian Empire (London: Faber and Faber, 1969).
Michael Jenkins, Arakcheev, Grand Vizir of the Russian Empire (London: Faber and Faber, 1969).
N. M. Karamzin, A Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia: A Translation and an Analysis, edited by Richard Pipes (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959).
S. V. Mironenko, Samoderzhavie i reformy, Politcheskaja bor’ba v Rossii v nachale XIX v., (Autocracy and Reforms, the Political Struggle in the Beginning of the 19th Century) (Moscow: Nauka, 1989).
Marc Raeff, The Decembrist Movement (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966).
Marc Raeff, Michael Speransky: Statesman of Imperial Russia, 1772–1839, 2nd ed. (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1969).
Marc Raeff, Plans for Political Reform in Imperial Russia, 1730–1905 (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966).
Marc Raeff, Siberia and the Reforms of 1822 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1956).
Nicholas Mikhailovich Romanov, Le Comte Paul Stroganov (1774–1817), 3 vols. (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1905).
M. M. Safonov, Problema reform v pravitel’stvennoj politike Rossii na rubezhe XVIII i XIX vv. (The Problem of Reforms in the Governmental Policy of Russia at the Turn of the 18th–19th Centuries (Leningrad: Nauka, Leningradskoe otdelnie, 1988).
Aleksander N. Sakharov and S. Bertolissi, Konstitucionnye proekty Rossii XVIII–nachalo XX veka (The Constitutional Projects in Russia, 18th–Beginning of the 20th Century) (Moscow: RAN, 2000).
A.I. Serkov, Russkoe Masonstvo, jensiklopedicheskij slovar (The Russian Free masonry, an encycopledic dictionary’ (Moskva: ROSSPEN, 2001).
M. M. Speranskij, zhizn’, tvorchestvo, gosudarstvennnaja dejatel’nost’ (M. M. Speransky, His Life, His Work, His Governmental Activity (St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Nestor, 2000).
G. Vernadsky, La Charte constitutionnelle de l’Empire russe de l’an 1820 (Paris: Sirey, 1938).
Kenneth R. Whiting, A. A. Arakcheev, doctoral thesis (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1951).
On the Foreign Policy of Alexander I (French-Russian Relations Excepted)
Maurice Bourquin, Histoire de la Sainte-Alliance (Geneva: 1954).
Maurice Capefigue, L’Empereur Alexandre Ier au Congrès de Vienne et les traités de 1815 (Paris: Amyot, 1866).
Patricia K. Grimsted, The Foreign Ministers of Alexander I: Political Attitudes and the Conduct of Foreign Diplomacy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969).
Istorija Vneshnej Politiki Rossii, pervaja polovina XIX veka, ot voyn Rossii protiv Napoleona do Parizhskogo mira 1856 g (History of Russian Foreign Policy in the first half of the 19th century, from Rusain wars against Napoleon to the Congress of Paris in 1856 (Moskva: Mezhdunarodnye Otnoshenija, 1999).
Barbara Jelavich, A Century of Russian Foreign Policy, 1814–1914 (Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1964).
Barbara Jelavich, St. Petersburg and Moscow; Tsarist and Soviet Foreign Policy, 1814–1974 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1974).
Marion Kukiel, Czartoryski and European Unity: 1770–1861 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955).
Francis Ley, Alexandre Ier et sa Sainte-Alliance: 1811–1825, avec des documents inédits (Paris: Fischbacher, 1975).
Boris Mouravieff, L’alliance russo-turque au milieu des guerres napoléoniennes, (Neuchatel: Éditions de la Baconnière, collection L’évolution du monde et des idées, 1954).
Vasilij K. Nadler, Imperator Aleksandr I i ideja Svjashchennogo Sojuza (The Emperor Alexander I and the Idea of the Holy Alliance) (Riga: Izd. knigoprodavca N. Kimmelja, 1886–92).
Ocherki ministerstva inostrannih del Rossii, 860-1917. (Essays on the Russian Ministry of Foreign Office), vol. 1, (Moscow: Olma-Press, 2002).
Henri Pirenne, La Sainte-Alliance; organisation européenne de la paix mondiale (Neuchatel: Éditions de la Baconnière, collection L’Évolution du monde et des idées, 1946).
Marie-Pierre Rey, Le dilemme russe, la Russie et l’Europe occidentale d’Ivan le Terrible à Boris Eltsine (Paris: Flammarion, 2002).
Jacques A. de Sedouy, Le Congrès de Vienne, l’Europe contre la France, 1812–1815 (Paris: Perrin, 2003).
W. H. Zawadski, A Man of Honour, Adam Czartoryski as a Statesman of Russia and Poland (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993).
On the French-Russian Wars and the Relations between Napoleon and Alexander I
General Andolenko, Histoire de l’armée russe (Paris: Flammarion, 2007).
L. G. Beskrovnyj, Otechestvennaja Vojna 1812 goda, (The Patriotic war of 1812) (Moscow: 1962).
Napoléon Bonaparte, Correspondance générale, publiée par la Fondation Napoléon, volume XII, La Campagne de Russie, 1812 (Paris : Fayard, 2012).
Curtis Cate, La campagne de Russ
ie: 1812, le duel des deux empereurs (Paris: Tallandier, 2006).
Curtis Cate, The War of the Two Emperors: The Duel between Napoleon and Alexander (New York: Random House, 1985).
Paul Gaulot, Napoléon et l’Empereur de Russie, entrevue d’Erfurt, in Récits des grands Jours de l’Histoire 20.
Hereford B. George, Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia (London: Empiricus Books, 2002).
Constantin de Grunwald, La campagne de Russie: 1812 (Paris, 1963).
Jacques Hantraye, Les Cosaques aux Champs Elysées, l’occupation de la France après la chute de Napoléon (Paris: Belin, 2005).
J. Jacoby, Napoléon en Russie, nouveaux documents (Paris: Les Libertés françaises, 1938).
Thomas Jones, Alexander the Blessed, Conqueror of Napoleon (1978).
Michael Josselson and Diane Josselson, Le général Hiver, Michel Bogdanovitch Barclay de Tolly (Paris: Editions Gérard Lebovici, 1986).
Dominic Lieven, Russia against Napoleon, The Battle for Europe, 1807–1814 (London: Allen Lane, 2009).
A. Mikhailovich-Danilevski, Description de la première guerre de l’empereur Alexandre contre Napoléon en 1805 (Saint-Pétersbourg: 1844).
Nigel Nicolson, Napoleon: 1812 (London: Weidenfield and Nicolson, 1985).
Alexander C. Niven, Napoleon and Alexander I: A Study in Franco-Russian Relations, 1807–1812 (Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1978).
Alan Palmer, Napoleon in Russia (London: Constable, 1997).
André Ratchinski, Napoléon et Alexandre Ier: la guerre des idées (Paris: B. Giovanangeli, 2002).
Marie-Pierre Rey, L’effroyable tragédie, Une nouvelle histoire de la campagne de Russie (Paris: Flammarion, 2012).
P. Renouvin, Histoire des relations internationales, vol. 2, 1789–1871 (Paris: Hachette, 1994).
Vladlen G. Sirotkin, Napoleon i Aleksandr I: diplomatija i razvedka Napoleona i Aleksandra I v 1801–1812 gg. (Diplomacy and Intelligence under Napoleon and Alexander I in 1801–1812) (Moscow: Algoritm, Eksmo, 2003).
Oleg Sokolov, Austerlitz, Napoléon, l’Europe et la Russie (Paris: Commios, 2006).
Leonid Strakhovsky, Alexander I of Russia: The Man Who Defeated Napoleon (New York: W.W. Norton, 1947).
Eugene Tarle, Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia, 1812 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1942).
J. Tulard, Dictionnaire Napoléon (Paris: Fayard, 1987).
Nikolaj A. Troickij, Aleksandr I i Napoleon (Moscow: “Vysshaja shkola,” 1994).
Albert Vandal, Napoléon et Alexandre Ier. L’alliance russe sous le premier empire, 3 vols. (Paris: Ed. Plon, Nourrit, 1898–1903).
Emmanuel de Waresquiel, Talleyrand, le prince immobile (Paris: Fayard, 2003).
On Alexander’s Interest in Catholicism and Rapprochement of the Churches
F.-R. de Chateaubriand, Le Congrès de Vérone, chap. 32, online on gallica, the website of the French National Library, www.bnf.fr/en/tools/lsp.site_map.html.
Father Gagarine, Les archives russes et la conversion d’Alexandre Ier, in Etudes religieuses (Lyon: Imprimerie Pitrat Aîné, 1877).
Father Pierling, L’empereur Alexandre Ier, est-il mort catholique? (Paris: Plon, 1901).
Father Pierling, Problème d’histoire: L’empereur Alexandre Ier, est-il mort catholique? (a new investigation), (Brussels: Gabriel Beauchesne, Publication de la bibliothèque slave, 1913).
On Alexander’s Death: Hypotheses and Scenarios
Aleksandr I i starets Fedor Kuz’mich (Alexander and the starets Fedor Kuzmich), in Brevi (St. Petersburg: Gosudarstvennij Jermitazh, 2004).
V. Baljazin, Sokrovennye istorii Doma Romanovyh (Secret Stories of the Romanov Dynasty) (Moscow: Armada, 1996).
Vladimir V. Barjatinskij, Carstvennyj mistik: imperator Aleksandr I–Fedor Kuz’mich, (Reprintnoe Vosproizvedenie, 1990). Reedition of a text published in St. Petersburg in 1913 under the title: The imperial mystic, the Emperor Alexander I–Fiodor Kuzmich.
V. Bariatinsky, Le mystère d’Alexandre Ier, le Tsar a-t-il survécu sous les traits de Fedor Kouzmitch? (Paris: Payot, 1923).
Igor Bunich, Dve smerti imperatora Aleksandra I: legendy i fakty (The Two Deaths of Emperor Alexander I: Tales and Facts) (Saint Petersburg: Vita: Oblik, 1993).
V. B. Faybisovic, Aleksandr I i starets Feodor Kuzmich: istorija odnoj legendy (St. Petersburg: Brevi, Gos. Ermitazh, Izdatel’stvo Ermitazh, 2004).
V. I. Fedorov, Aleksandr Blagoslovennyj–svjatoj starets Fedor Tomskij: istoricheskoe issledovanie (Alexandre le Béni—Saint Feodor de Tomsk: recherche historique (Tomsk: Sibirskij izdatel’skij dom, 2001).
M. M. Gromyko, Svjatoj pravednij starets Feodor Kuz’mich Tomskij–Aleksandr I Blagoslovennij, issledovanie i materialy (The Starets Fedor Kuzmitch from Tomsk and Alexander I the Blessed, Investigations and Materials) (Moscow: Palomnik, 2007).
Lev D. Ljubimov, Tajna imperatora Aleksandra I (The Secret of the Emperor Alexander I) (Paris: Kn-vo “Vozrozhdenie,” 1938).
Vsevolod Nikolaev, Aleksandr Pervyj–Starets Fëdor Kuz’mich: istoricheskaja biografija, (Alexander I–The Starets Fiodor Kuzmich: Historical Biography) (San Francisco, CA: Izd-vo “Globus,” 1984).
Nikolay Mikhailovich Romanov, Legenda o konchine imperatora Aleksandra I v Sibiri v obraze starca Fedora Kuz’micha (Tale of the Death of the Emperor Alexander I in Siberia under the Name of Starets Feodor Kuzmich (St. Petersburg, 1907).
Nikolay Mikhailovich Romanov, Nekotorye Novye Materialy k voprosu o konchine Imperatora Aleksandra I (Some New Documents on the Death of Alexander I) (Saint Petersburg: 1914).
Alexis Troubetskoy, Imperial Legend: The Mysterious Disappearance of Tsar Alexander I (New York: Arcade Publishing, 2002).
Baron Wrangel, “B grobu lezhal dlinnoborodyj Starets,” (“In the coffin was a starets with a long beard”), edited and commented by Irina Pushka, in Istochnik (1994): 64–67.
A Few Articles on Precise Points
D. Beauvois, “Les Français à Vilnius en 1812,” Annales historiques de la Révolution Française no. 246 (October–December 1981), 560–71.
“Antonin Carême,” La France pittoresque no. 10 (April–May–June, 2004).
James J. Kenney, “Lord Whitworth and the Conspiracy against Tsar Paul I: The New Evidence of the Kent Archive,” Slavic Review 36, no. 2 (June 1977): 205–19.
Aleksandr Krylov, “Prelestnaja Elizaveta” (“The Charming Elizabeth”), Novaja Junost’ 54, no. 3, 2002.
Dominic Lieven, “Russia and the Defeat of Napoleon, 1812–1914,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 7, no. 2 (Spring 2006): 283–308.
Allen McConnell, “Alexander I’s Hundred Days: The Politics of a Paternalist Reformer,” Slavic Review 28 (September 1969): 373–93.
P. Maikoff, “Baron G.A. Rozenkampf,” Russkaja Starina 12 (1904).
A. Martin, “The Response of the Population of Moscow to the Napoleonic Occupation of 1812,” in The Military and Society in Russia: 1450–1917, edited by E. Lohr (Boston: Brill, 2002).
M. Raeff, “The Political Philosophy of Speranskiy,” American Slavic and East European Review 12, no. 1 (February, 1953).
Elmo E. Roach, “The Origins of Alexander I’s Unofficial Committee,” Russian Review 28, no. 3 (July 1969): 315–26.
J. Schmidt, “The Restoration of Moscow after 1812,” Slavic Review 40, no. 1.
O. Sokolov, “La campagne de Russie,” Napoléon Ier, la revue du Consulat et de l’Empire (November 2000).
O. Sokolov, “L’Eglise orthodoxe et Napoléon,” Revue du Souvenir Napoléonien, no.470–71 (May–June, 2007).
F. A. Walker, “Enlightenment and Religion in Russian Education in the Reign of Tsar Alexander I,” History of Education Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Fall 1992): 343–60.
Emmanuel de Waresquiel, “Talleyrand et la paix de Presbourg,” Revue du Souvenir Napoléonien (Paris, n.462).
A. Zorin, “Star of the East: The Holy Alliance and European Mysticism,” Kritika, Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 4, no. 2 (Spring 2003): 313–42.
Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress, 308, 310, 348
Anna Pavlovna, Queen, 63, 204, 314, 413
Arakcheev, Alexis Andreevich, XIV, 46, 71, 72, 73, 74, 144, 145, 190, 221, 222, 225, 226, 240, 242, 299, 300, 306, 307, 323, 325, 326, 347, 350, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 363, 364, 365, 376, 384, 391, 393, 394, 400, 406, 412, 416, 417
Armfeld, Gustave-Maurice, 218
Bagration, Pyotr Ivanovich, 164, 200, 201, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244
Balashov, Alexander Dmitrievich, 231, 236, 238, 240, 242, 357
Barclay de Tolly, Mikhail Bogdanovich, 219, 222, 226, 227, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 261, 262, 325, 406, 414
Beccaria, Cesare, 16, 38, 214
Bennigsen, Leonti Leontievich, 6, 8, 175, 177, 179, 236, 238, 240
Bentham, Jeremy, 59, 214
Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste, Marshal of France from 1818, King of Sweden, 205, 211, 251, 262, 329
Bestuzhev-Riumin, Mikhail Pavlovich, 360
Bezborodko, Alexander Alexandrovich, 58, 81
Budberg, Andre, 149, 174, 178, 189
Capo d’Istria, Ioannis, 277, 282, 288, 289, 311, 328, 335, 337, 340, 341, 346, 403
Castlereagh, Henry Robert Stewart, 263, 264, 278, 284, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 340, 342, 344, 412, 415
Catherine II, Empress, XV, 5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 82, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 98, 100, 101, 102, 124, 125, 129, 142, 144, 176, 179, 189, 223, 255, 283, 305, 306, 309, 330, 378, 379, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 408, 413
Catherine Pavlovna, Grand Duchess, 92, 97, 131, 183, 188, 200, 222, 225, 226, 229, 231, 238, 240, 242, 253, 254, 260, 262, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 288, 291, 302, 350, 387, 389, 403, 405, 409, 411, 412
Caulaincourt, Armand-Augustin-Louis, Marquis Duke of Vicenza, XIV, 190, 191, 192, 193, 197, 200, 202, 203, 204, 208, 209, 210, 223, 234, 235, 239, 262, 276, 387, 403, 404, 405, 408
Chateaubriand (de), François-René, 180, 268, 270, 275, 345, 373, 374, 402, 410, 416, 418
Chernyshev, Alexander, 227, 228, 406
Chichagov, Vasili Yakovlevich, 246, 412