Bunker Hill: A City, a Siege, a Revolution
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Knox, Lucy Flucker, 89, 255
Knox, William, 268
Langdon, Rev. Samuel, 197
Laurie, Walter, 140–41, 143–44
Lechmere Point, 12, 63, 209, 254, 258, 271–72, 274, 276, 278–79, 353n
Lee, 258
Lee, Arthur, 109, 172, 323n
Lee, Charles, 56–58, 72, 100, 230, 242, 250–51, 258, 260–61, 271, 312n, 346n
Lee, Jeremiah, 123, 150
Lee, Joseph, 69
Leonard, Daniel, 17–18, 44–45, 58, 60, 62, 85, 112, 284, 305n, 309n
Leslie, Alexander, 93, 99
Leverett, John, 4–5, 32, 303n
Lexington, Mass., 91, 112, 116, 121, 151
and Battle Road, 152–54
British army and, 128, 145–49, 273
first shots at, 189
militia of, 119–20, 141, 323n
powderhouse of, 120, 125, 128, 130
Lexington fight, 122–32, 134, 140, 163, 167, 171, 188–89, 206, 255, 292, 323n, 325–26n, 328n
Lexington Green, 92, 119, 121–22, 124–25, 127–30, 134, 148, 151–53, 226, 241, 323–24n
Lexington Meetinghouse, 119–20, 125–26, 128, 130, 149, 152
liberty
defense of, 35, 66, 75, 134
divinely sanctioned, 120, 134
meaning of, 323n, 324n
and patriot cause, 23, 41, 53
and provincial army, 178–79
quest for, 32, 34–35, 57, 61, 86, 88, 130, 181
and war, 74, 88, 98, 111
Liberty riot, 7, 18
Liberty Tree, 20, 62, 84, 256, 305n
Lincoln, Mass., 132, 137–38, 142, 160
Lister, Jeremy, 143, 146, 152, 154, 162, 324n
Litchfield, Paul, 170
Littleton militiamen, 138
Lively, 26, 30, 196, 199–200, 202–3
London Bookstore, 15, 89
London, England, 23, 25, 27–28, 36, 41, 80–82, 93–96, 109, 111, 117, 171, 188, 253, 255, 285
Long Wharf, 37–40, 42, 64, 117, 203, 206, 285, 290, 322n
Loring, Joseph, 152
Loring, Joshua and Elizabeth, 259
Lowell, John, 125
loyalists
in Massachusetts, 170
number of, 303n
remain in Boston, 164, 168, 288–89, 355n, 356n
resistance movement of, 85
suppression of, 115, 121, 317n
Lynn militia, 156–57
Mackenzie, Frederick, 97, 129, 155, 324n, 325n, 330n
Maddison, George, 42, 64
Maine, 16, 34–35, 59, 65, 120, 165, 185, 209, 257
Malcom, Daniel, 21, 306n
Malcom, John, 14, 15, 16–22, 24, 39, 49, 53, 86, 247, 289, 305–6n
mandamus councillors, 52–53, 58, 60, 69, 72, 84–85, 87
Manley, John, 257–58, 268
maps
Battle of Bunker Hill, 196
Battle of Chelsea Creek, 184
Battle Road, 153
Boston (1774), 12–13, 15
Boston under siege, 254
British expedition to Concord, 114
Concord fight, 133
Knox’s expedition, 269
Lexington fight, 125
Powder Alarm, 63
Marblehead, 31, 40–41, 52, 61, 313n
Mark (slave), 23–24, 197
Marshfield, Mass., 85–86, 166–67
martial law, 78, 190
Maryland, 244, 286
masons, 68, 90–91, 292, 318n. See also St. Andrew’s Lodge of Masons; St. John’s Masonic Lodge
Massachusetts
charter of, 5, 41, 81
civil government for, 59, 95, 178, 180–81, 236, 242
deep divisions in, 59, 81, 85–86, 313n
description of, 34
founders of, 11
militia of, 38, 164–65, 214, 242, 260, 268
open rebellion of, 58–59, 94–95, 109, 115, 252
transformation of, 159
Massachusetts Government Act, 41, 52–53, 58, 74, 312–13n
Massachusetts House of Representatives, 35, 41, 44–46, 252–53
Massachusetts Spy, 101
Massacre Day Oration, 38, 96–100, 130
McClary, Andrew, 212
Mecom, Jane, 158–59
Medford, Mass., 14, 158, 197, 202, 205, 235
medical corps, 109, 193, 244, 251
medical supplies, 88–89, 109, 166, 318n, 320n
Melvill, Thomas, 55, 312n
men-of-war. See specific names; warships
Menotomy (Arlington), Mass., 118, 122–23, 150, 152–53, 155–59, 162, 191, 194, 242, 324n, 330n
Mercury, 184
Meriam’s Hill, 133–34, 145, 151
Mifflin, Thomas, 277, 279
military stores
in Concord, 115–16, 118–19, 130, 134–35, 138–39, 323n
funds for, 88
for provincial army, 88, 109, 115–16, 118–19, 173–74
militiamen, 58, 175, 188, 242
and Battle of Bunker Hill, 195, 197
and Battle Road, 152–60
and British regulars, 77, 85, 115, 118, 148
at Concord fight, 132, 134–47, 323n
and powdering hair, 156, 330n
at Lexington, 123–31, 134, 326n
loyalties of, 259–60
organizing of, 73, 77, 152, 160–65
skillful shooting of, 92
surround Boston, 174–75, 189
undisciplined, 178–79, 238, 241, 243, 329n
See also farmers; Independent Company of Cadets; minutemen; specific battles; town militias
Mill Pond, 12, 15, 69, 79, 212
Milton, 12, 14, 20, 30, 74
minutemen, 77–78, 136, 144, 315n
Mitchell, Edward, 123, 126
mobs, 6, 11, 17–18, 22, 84, 154, 305n, 346n
Molineux, William, 36, 48, 82, 100, 316n
Montagu, John, 10, 39–40, 51
Montgomery, Richard, 245, 271
Montresor, John, 86, 196–97, 282, 285
Morris, Gouverneur, 240
Morton’s Hill, 196, 200, 209, 211, 218
Moulton, Martha, 139
Mount Whoredom, 15, 51, 279, 311n
Mowat, Henry, 257
Muller, John, 275, 353n
Munroe, Ebenezer, 127
Munroe, Jedidiah, 148
Munroe, John, 127
Munroe, Marret, 119
Munroe Tavern, 152
Munroe, Timothy, 157
Munroe, William, 119, 122, 124, 130, 325n
Murray, Gov. John, 262
muskets, 228, 244, 267
of British army, 141–42, 146, 154, 217, 222
loading of, 124
of provincial army, 78, 129, 135, 179, 195, 214, 221, 229
surrender of, 168
Mystic River, 14, 64–65, 116, 184, 197, 203, 209, 211, 213, 217, 221, 226, 254, 256, 340n
Nancy, 258, 268, 279
Nantucket Island, 9, 170, 304n, 332n
Native Americans, 61, 165. See also Indians; King Philip’s War
Needham, Mass., 159, 330n
New Hampshire, 65, 84, 101, 165, 205, 211–12, 214, 241, 249, 260, 268, 317n
New York, 8, 27, 44, 48, 56, 82, 167, 237, 271, 287, 345n
Nichols, James, 137, 160, 326n
Nixon, John, 185
Noddle’s Island, 12, 63, 183–86, 246, 254, 265
North Administration, 76, 86, 103, 114
North Carolina, 16, 167
North End (Boston), 10, 15, 21, 39, 68–69, 79, 88, 168, 192, 230
North, Lord, 24, 29, 188, 190, 319n
and Coercive Acts, 95
criticism of, 53, 56, 311n
and Josiah Quincy, Jr., 94
King George writes to, 112
Northampton, 59
Nova Scotia, 5. See also Halifax, Nova Scotia
Occom, Samson, 23
Old North Meetinghouse, 15, 256, 349n
Old South Meetinghouse, 3–4, 9, 15, 20, 38, 48–49, 96–99, 256, 284
Oliver, Thomas, 63, 72–73, 256, 355n
Oliver, Peter, 61, 111, 169, 233, 248, 311–12n, 314n, 317n, 335–36n
Orne, Azor, 123, 150
Otis, James, 7, 29, 32, 293, 307n, 313n
Paddock, Adino, 78, 284
Paine, Robert Treat, 45, 56, 309n
Paine, Samuel, 229, 333n
Palmer, Joseph, 167, 195
Parker, John, 119–22, 125–27, 129–30, 141, 148
Parker’s Revenge, 148, 153, 328n
Parliament, 5–6, 11, 29, 35, 96, 103, 171, 253
and Conciliatory Proposition, 95
and King’s Speech, 264
opposition to, 92, 109
passes Coercive Acts, 53
and Port Act, 31–32, 37, 40–41
revokes charter, 41
sovereignty of, 111
and Tea Party, 25
and war with colonies, 216
Parsons, Lawrence, 135–36, 138–39, 144–45
patriot movement
anthems for, 54, 82
clemency offered to, 190
demands for unity, 60
divisions among, 317n
and moral duplicity, 23, 319n
motivations of, 8–9
and preserving status quo, 289
psychological cost of, 32, 307–8n
secret activities of, 45, 90, 101, 191–92
Pennsylvania, 8, 29, 44, 53, 56, 76, 238, 244
Percy, Hugh, 52, 104, 197, 282
and Battle Road, 152–55
in Boston, 60, 111, 113, 117
brigade of, 149–50, 152, 165, 246, 323n
description of, 51, 311n, 330n
leads expedition to Concord, 114, 117
leads march into countryside, 102–3
on provincial army, 154–55, 321n
retreats to Charlestown, 158–60, 163, 329n
Philadelphia, 44, 48, 54–56, 74–76, 81–82, 113, 163, 167–68, 171, 180, 182, 236, 261
Phipps, David, 64
Pickering, Timothy, 158, 160, 163–64, 172, 174, 206, 330–31n, 336n
Pigot, Robert, 196, 209, 217, 219, 224, 226
pistols, 78, 168
Pitcairn, John, 87, 123–24, 126–28, 139, 148, 226–28, 262, 316n, 325n
Pitts, John, 199, 316n, 337n
Pitts, Samuel, 51
Plymouth, Mass., 84–85, 93, 175, 267
Point Allerton, 13, 15, 31, 40
Pollard, Asa, 201, 338n
Poor, Thomas, 178–79
Poor, Salem, 228, 262–63, 351n
Pope Night, 10–11, 19, 304n
Port Act, 30–31, 36–37, 40–41, 70, 312n
Port Bill, 32, 37, 43, 45, 48, 52, 58, 79, 94, 120, 315n
Porter, Asahel, 123, 127–28
Portsmouth, England, 188
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 84, 99, 101, 140
Powder Alarm, 62–74, 76–79, 84, 93, 99, 102, 104
Prentiss, George, 159, 330n
Prescott, William, 217, 342–43n
bravery of, 337–38n
as fierce fighter, 201
fires cannons on British, 209–11
leads provincial army, 195–98
orders retreat, 228–29
and redoubt on Breed’s Hill, 198–99, 201–2, 206, 213–14, 219–20, 224, 226, 338n
and reinforcements, 204–5, 218, 230
press gangs, 18, 61
Preston, 51, 184–85
Price, Ezekiel, 179, 194, 336n, 337n
prisoners, 157, 166, 179, 188, 266
Prospect Hill, 64, 230, 254, 258, 265, 351n
prostitution, 46, 51, 68, 311n, 319n
Province House (Boston), 15, 19–20, 32, 40, 51, 87, 117, 166, 200, 203–4, 282
provincial army
account of, 171, 188–89
assembling of, 103, 109, 155, 164–65, 175, 178
bravery of, 262
cost of, 249–50
largest regiment of, 212
make-up of companies, 165, 178
maritime focus of, 170–72, 183
“of observation,” 150
overhauling of, 243–46, 251, 259–63, 265, 267
poor hygiene of, 178
provisions for, 115–16, 178–79
recruiting men for, 163–65, 175, 182, 192, 242
and reenlistment crisis, 259–61
surrounds Boston, 169, 175
undisciplined, 146, 178–82, 267
victories of, 186–87
See also militiamen
provincial army officers
artillery skills of, 172–73
and commissions, 179, 192, 243–44
infighting among, 194
lack of, 144, 223
recruit soldiers, 165, 175, 192
relationship with soldiers, 178–80
and Washington, 242–46
See also specific names
Provincial Congress, 81, 88, 90, 92, 96, 103–5, 109–11, 113, 118–19, 177
arrest of, 115
and Battle of Bunker Hill, 236
delegates of, 316n, 318n
and first shot, 143
founding of, 75
leaders of, 191–92
meets in Concord, 75, 134, 168
meets in Watertown, 168
presidents of, 121, 175, 181, 194, 236, 333n
and provincial army, 165, 179–80
and skillful officers, 172–73
and spies, 321n
provincial resistance movement, 73–75, 77–79, 81, 236
Punkatasset Hill, 133–36, 142–44
Puritan settlers, 4, 6, 10, 23, 34, 121, 132, 137, 285
Putnam, Daniel, 195
Putnam, Israel, 74, 201, 208–9, 247, 334n
and amphibious assault, 170, 282
background of, 57
and Battle of Bunker Hill, 195–98, 213, 337n
and Battle of Chelsea Creek, 185–87
at council of war, 190, 250
criticism of, 212–13, 223
leads army on Bunker Hill, 182, 205, 212–14, 218–19, 223
as officer, 165, 182, 243
personality of, 182, 198
on Prospect Hill, 230, 265
Putnam, Israel, Jr., 208
Putnam, Rufus, 274–76
Quarry Hill arsenal, 62–64
Quartering Act, 53, 311n
Quebec Act, 53
Quebec, Canada, 26, 180, 190, 245, 271
Queen Street Writing School, 149, 165, 246
Quero, 171–72, 188–89
Quincy, Abigail, 96
Quincy, Dorothy, 122, 324n
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 33, 60, 72, 90, 256, 284
death of, 171–72
illness of, 3, 46, 82, 120, 307n
in London, 81–82, 93–96, 109, 171, 318n
and Port Act, 31, 36
represents British soldiers, 8, 32
ridicule of, 100
and Tea Party, 3–4, 48
Quincy, Samuel, 60, 62
Ramsdell, Abednego, 156
Randolph, Edward, 4–5
Reading militia, 146
redoubt
for Battle of Bunker Hill, 213–14, 217–20, 224–29, 262, 338n
on Breed’s Hill, 196, 199, 201–6, 210–11, 337n
on Dorchester Heights, 191
at Lechmere Point, 272, 274
Reed, James, 205
Reed, Joseph, 261, 267, 273–74, 278, 287
religion, 4, 59–60, 111, 176–77, 179, 191, 285, 333n
Revere, Paul, 82, 89, 91, 289, 306n, 316n, 322n, 349n
captured by British, 123
and Green Dragon Tavern, 68, 90, 318n
at Lexington fight, 125–26, 325n
as messenger, 76, 116, 118–19, 166, 315n
on spies, 318n
and Suffolk Resolves, 74, 76
Rhode Island, 3, 44, 48, 65, 82, 140, 162, 165, 236, 241, 246, 251, 259, 268
Richardson, Josiah, 123, 127–28
riflemen, 244, 260, 277
Robertson, Archibald, 279–80, 282, 285
Robinson, John, 138, 140, 142, 342n, 343n
Rogers’s Rangers, 57, 212
Rotch, Francis, 9
Rowe, John, 24, 36–37, 40–43, 49, 82, 100–1, 288, 316n
Roxbury, Mass., 71, 112, 116, 149–50, 254, 266, 353n
American lines in, 264
British plan to attack, 191, 204, 208
fortifications in, 246, 275
Gen. Thomas’s forces in, 195
location of, 12, 63
militiamen in, 161–62, 164–65, 167–69, 175–76, 178–79, 182–83, 234
and taking of Dorchester, 276–77, 279, 282–83
Royal American Magazine, 47
Ruggles, Timothy, 85
rum, 80, 179, 202, 238, 316n
Rush, Benjamin, 240
Russell, Benjamin, 149, 165, 246–47, 331n
Russell, Jason, 153, 156–57
Salem, Mass., 31, 40, 43–45, 48, 51–52, 55, 57–59, 67, 76, 93, 100, 158, 160, 171, 188, 235, 318n
Salem witch trials, 59, 121
Sandwich, Lord, 257–58, 316n
Scammon, James, 209
schooners, 170
Schuyler, Philip, 269
Scituate, 170, 332n
Scollay, John, 47, 312n
Scollay, Mercy, 47, 55, 70, 101–2, 112, 192, 247–48, 310n, 312n, 319–20n, 347n
Scollay, Priscilla, 55
Second Continental Congress, 83, 113
Sewall, Jonathan, 65, 233–34
sharpshooters, 222, 224
Shirley, Gov. William, 31
Shrewsbury, Mass., 65–66, 73, 164
Shuldham, Molyneux, 258
siege
Boston under, 246–47, 254, 286, 289–91, 355n
definition of, 245, 248–49
devolves into stalemate, 265–66
Siege of Louisbourg, 5, 77, 120
signal flags/lanterns, 116, 192
Simons, Joshua, 128