Gladstone: A Biography

by Roy Jenkins

  drinking ref 1, ref 2

  riding ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  walking ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  translates Farini ref 1

  collects pictures and china ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  sea-bathing ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  woodcutting and tree-felling ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6 & n, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  family cricket ref 1

  theatre-going ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  climbing ref 1

  backgammon ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Characteristics

  voice and accent ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  oratory and speechmaking ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21

  energy ref 1, ref 2

  priggishness ref 1, ref 2

  excesses and rashness ref 1, ref 2

  disciplined nature and control ref 1

  appearance and physique ref 1, ref 2, ref 3n, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  morbidity ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  introspection, temptations and guilt ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  conceit ref 1

  probity ref 1

  lacks common touch ref 1

  accident-proneness ref 1

  dress ref 1

  neatness and passion for order ref 1, ref 2

  simplicity ref 1

  authoritarianism ref 1

  mental qualities ref 1

  respect for social rank ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  social attitudes ref 1

  conversational style ref 1

  equanimity in later years ref 1, ref 2

  single-mindedness ref 1

  Education

  at Eton ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  at Oxford (Christ Church) ref 1, ref 2

  double first degree ref 1

  Finances

  income ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  shares in Oak Farm ref 1

  Hawarden property ref 1

  personal and public management ref 1

  inheritance ref 1, ref 2

  loses money on Seaforth property ref 1n

  purchase of Aston Hall ref 1

  investments ref 1

  means reduced ref 1

  raises money by sales ref 1, ref 2

  literary earnings ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  election expenses ref 1n

  Egyptian bond holdings ref 1

  losses on Metropolitan District Railway stock ref 1

  bequests and gifts ref 1

  Health

  erysipelas ref 1, ref 1

  strain and exhaustion ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  unspecified complaints ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  seasickness ref 1

  bronchitis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  injures eye ref 1

  gastric attacks ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  lumbago ref 1

  gumboil ref 1

  hangovers ref 1

  vigour and stamina in old age ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  weakness during 1880 government ref 1

  pneumonia ref 1

  ageing infirmities ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  insomnia ref 1, ref 2

  injures head in fall ref 1

  tonsillitis ref 1

  laryngeal catarrh ref 1

  hearing and eyesight diminish ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  knocked down by cab ref 1

  influenza ref 1

  carriage accident ref 1

  eye injury from woman assailant ref 1

  knocked down by cow ref 1

  cataract operation ref 1

  terminal illness ref 1

  cancer of cheek ref 1

  Honours

  Oxford honorary DCL ref 1

  declines official honours and titles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  All Souls Fellowship ref 1

  Cambridge honorary degree ref 1

  Rectorship of Edinburgh University ref 1

  made foreign associate of Institut de France ref 1

  elected Rector of Glasgow University ref 1

  Intellectual interests

  classical learning and translations ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  languages ref 1, ref 2

  debating ref 1

  translates Farini ref 1

  essay on Tennyson ref 1, ref 2

  writings ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  delivers first Romanes lecture ref 1

  begins autobiography ref 1

  work on Bishop Butler ref 1

  writes on Atonement ref 1

  Personal

  born ref 1

  name ref 1

  relations with brothers and sisters ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  marriage ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  childhood ref 1

  keeps diary ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  youthful friendships ref 1, ref 2

  romances ref 1, ref 2

  sex life ref 1

  gauche social manner ref 1

  ‘rescue’ work among prostitutes ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  courts Catherine ref 1, ref 2

  honeymoon ref 1

  children ref 1, ref 2

  London houses ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10n, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14

  and death of daughter Jessy ref 1

  and sister Helen’s conversion ref 1

  marriage relations ref 1, ref 2

  40th birthday ref 1

  self-flagellation ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  fidelity in marriage ref 1

  clubs ref 1

  daily routine ref 1, ref 2

  eating habits ref 1n, ref 2

  defends sanctity of marriage ref 1

  portraits ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  deteriorating relations with Queen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  resigns from Carlton Club ref 1

  charitable gifts ref 1

  weekending and country house visiting ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16

  entertaining and social life ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  attends Disraeli’s party ref 1

  self-assessment ref 1

  relations with Laura Thistlethwayte ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  60th birthday ref 1

  misadventure with Balfour in Scotland ref 1

  works without secretary ref 1

  grandchildren ref 1

  70th birthday ref 1

  71st birthday ref 1

  and Disraeli’s death and funeral ref 1

  called ‘Grand Old Man’ by Labouchère ref 1

  relations with children ref 1

  rumoured insanity ref 1

  and Parnell divorce case ref 1

  and son Willy’s death ref 1

  conduct of life in last years ref 1

  gives up diary ref 1

  will ref 1

  death and funeral ref 1

  Political life

  commission in Ionian Islands ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Newark parliamentary seat ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Europeanism ref 1

  maiden speech ref 1

  parliamentary service ref 1, ref 2

  Greenwich seat ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  at Board of Trade ref 1, ref 2

  Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies ref 1, ref 2

  offices ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Peel’s influence on ref 1

  threatens Peel with resignation ref 1

  and Maynooth Bill ref 1

  proposes becoming special envoy to Vatican ref 1

  and Corn Laws repeal ref 1, ref 2

  loses Ne
wark seat (1845) ref 1, ref 2

  appointed Secretary for War and Colonies ref 1, ref 2

  regains seat (Oxford University, 1847) ref 1

  constituency duties ref 1

  declines Stanley’s offer of office ref 1

  loses faith in Conservative causes ref 1

  accepts University reform proposals ref 1

  speaks in Don Pacifico debate ref 1

  protests at Neapolitan oppression ref 1

  speech on Ecclesiastical Titles Bill ref 1, ref 2

  re-elected at Oxford ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  in 1851 budget debate ref 1

  Chancellor of Exchequer under Aberdeen ref 1, ref 2

  dispute with Disraeli over Chancellor’s furniture and robe ref 1

  upholds income tax ref 1, ref 2

  rivalry with Disraeli ref 1

  Chancellor of Exchequer under Palmerston ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  promotes Oxford University reform bill ref 1

  loses Oxford seat (1865) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  promotes civil service reform ref 1

  and collapse of Aberdeen coalition ref 1

  and formation of 1855 government ref 1

  resigns from Palmerston government ref 1

  speaking tours ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  defends Palmerston in Chinese incident ref 1

  opposes divorce reform ref 1, ref 2

  refuses office in Derby’s 1858 government ref 1

  rejects Disraeli’s overture ref 1, ref 2

  diplomatic intervention in Vienna ref 1, ref 2

  resigns Ionian commission ref 1

  proposed for throne of Greece ref 1

  opposes extension of franchise ref 1, ref 2

  supports Italian unification ref 1, ref 2

  discusses free trade treaty with Cobden ref 1

  opposes defence expenditure against French threat ref 1

  on American Civil War ref 1

  promotes extension of franchise ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  proposes tax on charities ref 1, ref 2

  popular appeal and recognition ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  and defence expenditure ref 1

  leadership of Commons ref 1, ref 2

  Chancellor of Exchequer under Russell ref 1

  speech on Russell’s Reform Bill ref 1

  in opposition (1866) ref 1

  and Disraeli’s 1867 Reform Bill ref 1

  lacks party support ref 1, ref 2

  preoccupation with settlement in Ireland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12

  succeeds Russell as party leader ref 1

  parliamentary skills and control ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  loses South-west Lancashire election (1868) ref 1

  elected for Greenwich (1868) ref 1

  first premiership and government (1868) ref 1, ref 2

  reputation and authority ref 1

  relations with Cabinet ref 1

  introduces Irish Church Bill ref 1

  award of honours and patronage ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  episcopal appointments ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and Irish land reform ref 1

  serves under Peel ref 1

  and education reform ref 1

  and Queen’s visit to dying Princess Feodore ref 1

  and Prince of Wales’s duties ref 1

  offers resignation and resumes (1872) ref 1, ref 2

  and secret ballot ref 1

  speeches on Irish universities ref 1

  assumes Chancellorship of Exchequer as PM (1873) ref 1, ref 2

  arraigned before House of Commons ref 1

  ‘scandals’ ref 1

  and question of Commons exclusion on assuming Chancellorship ref 1

  fiscal policy (1874) ref 1

  1874 election speeches ref 1

  loses 1874 election ref 1

  proposes giving up party leadership ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  withdrawal from activities (1874) ref 1

  and Eastern question and Bulgarian atrocities ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  hostility to Disraeli ref 1

  denounces London West End values ref 1, ref 2

  receives visiting delegates at Hawarden ref 1

  demonstrations against ref 1

  Midlothian campaign and success ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  plutocratic principles ref 1

  forms 1880 government ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  resumes Chancellorship of Exchequer as PM (1880) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and Dilke’s declining office in 1880 government ref 1

  indifference to economic trends ref 1

  problems during 1880 administration ref 1

  and Bradlaugh’s parliamentary oath ref 1

  speech on Affirmation Bill ref 1

  attitude to ministerial colleagues ref 1

  hostility to in second premiership ref 1

  relations with Parnell ref 1, ref 2

  and Parnell’s liaison with Kitty O’Shea ref 1 & n, ref 2, ref 3

  letter to Queen on position of Lords ref 1

  and redistribution of parliamentary seats ref 1

  view of Empire ref 1

  Egyptian policy ref 1

  and Sudan-Gordon affairs ref 1

  and Gordon’s death ref 1

  resigns office (1885) ref 1, ref 2

  and Herbert Gladstone’s ‘Hawarden kite’ ref 1

  outline plan for Irish Home Rule ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  premiership and government (1886) ref 1

  and first Home Rule Bill (1886) ref 1

  dissolution after 1886 Home Rule defeat ref 1

  Party’s election defeat and resignation (1886) ref 1

  final election campaign and success (1892) ref 1

  forms 1892 government ref 1

  changes Cabinet arrangements in final government ref 1

  final legislative programme ref 1

  introduces 1893 Home Rule Bill ref 1

  commitment in 1893 session ref 1

  and disagreement over naval estimates (1893) ref 1

  Cabinet confidentiality ref 1

  final resignation ref 1

  last appearance in Commons ref 1

  and Armenian massacres ref 1, ref 2

  Religious life

  listens to sermons ref 1

  evangelical upbringing ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  rejects priesthood ref 1

  and Church of England ref 1

  observance ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  sense of Church unity ref 1

  views on church and state ref 1, ref 2

  joins Tractarian lay brotherhood ref 1

  and Gorham judgment ref 1, ref 2

  attitude to Roman Catholics ref 1

  dislikes Erastianism ref 1

  anti-Catholic writing ref 1, ref 2

  uncompleted writing on Future Punishment ref 1, ref 2

  non-capacity for abstract ideas ref 1

  Travels

  ‘grand tour’ with brother John ref 1, ref 2

  1838 European tour ref 1

  by rail ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  in pursuit of absconding Lady Lincoln ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  in Naples (1850) ref 1, ref 2

  journey to Ionian Islands ref 1

  in Athens ref 1

  in Venice ref 1

  Scandinavian cruise (1883) ref 1, ref 2

  1866 Italian trip ref 1

  to Ireland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Germany (1874) ref 1

  throughout Britain ref 1, ref 2 & n

  Bavaria and Venice (1879) ref 1, ref 2

  Norwegian cruise (1885) ref 1

  Bavaria and Austria (1886) ref 1

  Florence (1887) ref 1

  Naples (1888) ref 1

  Biarritz (1891 to 1894)) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Cannes (1883), r
ef 1, ref 2, (1895) ref 3, ref 4

  Baltic cruise (1895) ref 1

  Works

  ‘An Academic Sketch’ (lecture) ref 1

  Bulgarian Horrors ref 1

  ‘The Church of England and Ritualism’ (article) ref 1

  Church Principles Considered by their Results ref 1

  Germany, France and England ref 1

  Homer and the Homeric Age ref 1

  Letter to the Earl of Aberdeen ref 1, ref 2

  Second Letter to the Earl of Aberdeen ref 1

  The State in its Relations with the Church ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Studies Subsidiary to Bishop Butler ref 1

  The Vatican Decrees and their bearing on Civil Allegiance ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Vaticanism: an Answer to Reproofs and Replies ref 1

  Gladstone, William (Willy; WEG’s son)

  rides with father ref 1

  Oxford degree ref 1, ref 2

  parliamentary career ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  tree-felling with WEG ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  inherits Hawarden ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  predeceases parents ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  accompanies WEG to Germany ref 1

  assists WEG ref 1

  marriage ref 1

  relations with father in old age ref 1

  interests ref 1

  annuity from WEG ref 1

  Gladstone, William Glynne Charles (Willy’s son) ref 1

  Gladstone, Sir William, 7th Baronet ref 1

  Glasgow University ref 1

  WEG elected Rector ref 1

  WEG’s address to ref 1

  Glyn, George Grenfell see Wolverton, 2nd Lord

  Glynne family

  European holiday ref 1

  private language ref 1

  Glynne, Revd Henry ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Glynne, Lavinia (Henry’s wife): death ref 1

  Glynne, Mary, Lady (née Neville; Catherine’s mother) ref 1, ref 2

  Glynne, Sir Stephen (WEG’s brother-in-law)

  and Hawarden ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  parliamentary career ref 1

  income ref 1

  and Oak Farm debts ref 1

  loses parliamentary seat (1841), ref 1, (1857) ref 2

  death ref 1, ref 2

  election expenses ref 1n

  Goderich, 1st Viscount see Ripon, 1st Earl of

  Godley, Arthur see Kilbracken, 1st Lord

  Gordon, (Sir) Arthur see Stanmore, 1st Lord

  Gordon, General Charles George ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Gorham, Revd G.C. ref 1, ref 2

  Goschen, George Joachim, 1st Viscount

  and Chancellor’s robes ref 1

  and university reform ref 1

  and WEG’s proposed reduction in service expenditure ref 1

  replaces Layard in Constantinople ref 1

  and Home Rule question ref 1

  votes with Conservatives ref 1

  declines to form coalition government (1886) ref 1