Elizabeth I's Secret Lover
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Essex, 1st Earl of, 153, 198, 199, 234
Essex, 2nd Earl of, 192, 207–8, 241, 252–3, 256–7267, 273–4, 276, 278
Grey, Jane, 55–6, 58–9, 66, 70
Hatton, 148, 178, 180, 191, 202–4, 207, 216, 219, 223–5, 258, 265, 274
Havrech, Marquis of, 222–3
Howard (later Sheffield, later Stafford), Douglas, 180–5, 199, 204–5, 280
Knollys, Lettice, 143, 153–4, 180, 183, 194, 196–205, 207–8, 227, 234, 236, 239, 274–5
Mary Queen of Scots, 120, 127–33, 152, 169–71, 175–7, 200, 262–3
Norfolk, Duke of, 94, 99, 112, 115, 120, 122, 124, 132–3, 159–60, 162–3, 165, 171
Pembroke, 2nd Earl of, 109, 142, 151, 166, 170, 172
Philip II, 75–8
Robsart, Amy, xviii, 30, 37, 67, 78–9, 93–4, 96, 101–4, 235
Sidney, Philip, 136–7, 142–3, 202, 210, 222, 224–5, 228, 233, 236, 240, 242, 253, 265–6
Simier, Jean de, 218–19, 227
Sheffield (later Dudley), Robert, 181–2, 184–5, 201, 277
Sussex, 3rd Earl of, 175, 205, 229
Throckmorton, Nicholas, 104–5, 115, 117, 122, 132, 134, 153–4, 160, 162, 164, 170
Walsingham, Francis, 85, 137, 174, 177–9, 189, 191–2, 202, 211, 217–18, 221–3, 225, 230–1, 238–40, 245–6, 248, 250, 253–4, 256, 258, 262, 265–6
William of Orange, 166, 221–2, 228
Houses, estates and possessions Architecture/housebuilding, 61, 138–41
Kenilworth, 138–40, 173, 193–8, 200, 234, 238, 281
Land transactions, 44, 77, 79, 94, 112, 138–41, 149–51, 188
Leicester House, 141–2, 144, 210, 239, 281
Possessions, 78, 139–42, 144, 207, 213, 276
Wanstead, 141, 144, 202, 204, 267, 274, 281
Warwick, 193
Personal characteristics Appetite, 85
Athleticism, 10, 15, 20, 37, 85, 277, 281
Birth, 9
Buxton visits, 199–201, 238, 274
Clothing, 85, 117, 281
Dudley leadership role, 77, 134
Easy nature, mildness, personality, xviii, 156, 241–2, 265, 280–1
Education, 10, 15, 80
Elizabethan renaissance, Role in, 135, 146, 280
Entrepreneur in trade and exploration, 11, 135, 143, 147–8, 150, 223, 225, 280
Faces hostility/murder threats, xviii, 94, 104–5, 112–13, 127, 136, 149, 160–3, 165, 179, 227, 231–3, 237, 250, 252, 254
Finances/difficulties, 74, 141, 148, 150–1, 239, 249, 255, 265, 275–6
Handsome looks, 10, 77, 180, 200–1, 280
Health, 199, 206, 235–6, 238, 241, 247, 256, 267, 274
Hunting/horsemanship, 95, 99, 133, 193, 208, 242, 281
Inheritance, 74
Military prospects/abilities/ hawkishness/naval shipbuilding, 73–5, 77–8, 86, 109, 115–6, 124, 135 143, 147, 166, 187, 217, 220–6, 228–9, 238, 269, 279
Moral shortcomings, xviii, 130, 180, 183, 185, 187, 190, 231, 235, 236, 279–80
Network of agents in Europe, 112, 115, 137, 148, 150 166, 171, 180, 221–2, 227
Patronage/protegés/benefactions, 10, 94, 97, 115, 135, 137–8, 142–8, 174, 185–9, 191, 203, 259, 280–1
Political activities, 86, 97, 112, 114–5, 120, 122, 124, 135, 143, 166, 171, 177–8, 180, 187, 189, 192, 208, 216, 222, 224–5, 231, 242, 245, 265, 269, 279
Puritanism/anti-Catholic stance, xviii, 63, 86, 109, 133–4, 143, 148, 174, 180, 186–7, 189–92, 231, 258, 275, 279–81
Spanish pension, 87, 94
Theatricals/revels/pageantry, 15, 20, 37–8, 42, 44, 82, 84–5, 88–9, 97, 130, 144–6, 155, 194–7, 200, 281
Trial and imprisonment, 61–2, 64, 66–7, 73–4
Wills, 182, 207, 210, 275–7
Relationship with Elizabeth/Monarchy Absents himself from court/council, 156–7, 160–2, 171, 200, 203, 208, 219
Access to Elizabeth, Control of, 94, 106, 113, 115, 122, 135, 150, 180, 231, 265, 279
As King Arthur in Faerie Queen, 144
Claimants to throne, Support for, 111, 114, 116, 125, 130, 161–2, 176–7, 201, 210–2, 233–4
Escorts to Berkeley Castle, 193
Escorts to Grafton, 193–4
Escorts to Oxford University, 136–7
Feigned illness to gain Elizabeth’s attention, 172, 219, 223, 247
Gifts, bribes and Royal perquisites received, 78, 86, 94, 112, 117, 138, 149–51, 220, 234, 237, 279–80
Interference with Elizabeth’s marriage negotiations, 94, 96–7, 112–3, 120, 122–4, 127, 132, 148, 154–6, 158–61, 163, 165, 217–9, 234, 279, 280
Loyalty to Elizabeth, xviii, 15, 17, 43, 73, 75, 79–80, 85, 88, 176, 178, 202, 204, 206, 208–9, 213, 216, 219, 225, 228, 230, 233–4, 239, 247, 260, 263, 274, 278–80
Presents for Elizabeth, 150, 275
Rivalry with Elizabeth’s suitors, 95, 152, 156–7, 159, 174–5, 178, 180, 191–2
Romance with Elizabeth, 79, 93–6, 98–115, 120–4, 126–9, 131–3, 135–6, 139, 142, 152–61, 164–5, 170–1, 173, 180–2, 193, 196, 216–18, 236, 277–8, 280
Seeks Spanish support for marriage to Elizabeth, 108–10, 114, 120, 127, 129, 132–3, 156, 188
Roles and titles Buckhounds, Master of, 44
Cambridge University, High Steward of, 117, 150
Chester, Chancellor of County Palatine of, 150, 154
Elevation to titles, 41, 66, 94, 106, 112, 131–2
Horse, Master of, 82, 84–9, 117, 155, 158, 203, 227, 234, 237, 267, 281
Household, Lord Steward of the, 237, 280
Inns of Court, 144
Kett’s rebellion, 30–1
Lieutenant and Captain General of the Queen’s armies and companies, 269, 272–4
Lieutenant General in Low Countries, 238–45, 247–57, 269, 279–80
Lieutenant Governor of England and Ireland (nomination), 274
Low Countries, Governorship of, 242, 244–7, 249–50, 254–5, 263, 267
Military expenditure, Cavalier approach to accounting for, 248–9, 253, 257, 266–7
New Forest, Warden of the, 150
Norfolk officialdom, 38, 40, 97
Oxford University, Chancellor of, 135–6, 150
Protector (nomination), 115
Snowdon Forest, Steward of, 150
Windsor Castle, Constable and Lieutenant of, 94, 150
Wychwood Forest, Ranger of, 150
Dudley, Robert, Lord Denbigh, ‘The Noble Imp’, 182, 208–7, 236, 277
Durham Cathedral, 172, 189
Durham Place, Charing Cross, 44, 52–3, 114, 140, 154–5, 199
Dymock, Jeweller, 106, 113
Earl Marshal of England, 34
Earl Marshal of Ireland, 198
Earl of Leicester’s Men/Players, 130, 144–6, 200, 203–4, 213, 241, 281
Edinburgh, Treaty of, 98, 114
Education of a Christian Woman, The, 9
Edward II, 5
Edward IV, 7, 50, 65
Edward VI, 2–4, 10–15, 17–23, 25–29, 31–48, 50–56, 64, 69, 74, 84, 86–8, 90, 96, 101, 119, 146
Edward Fortunatus, Prince of Baden-Rodemachern, 154–5
Edward the Confessor, 3
Elector Palatine, See Frederick III
Elizabeth I Associated with:
Anjou, Duke of, 205, 216–20, 226–8
Ashley, Kat, 13, 73, 152
Bulkeley, Sir Richard, 149
Carey, Catherine, 153
Cecil, William, 43, 54, 72, 80–2, 87, 91, 97, 105, 132, 158, 171–2, 179–80, 247, 263, 278
Cecilia Vasa, Princess, 154–5, 157–8, 201–2
Darnley, Lord, 132–3
Devereux, Dorothy, 212
Devereux, Penelope, 209
Drake, Sir Francis, 223, 225–6, 258, 268
Edward VI, 13, 17, 43–4
Essex, 1st Earl of, 198–9
Essex, 2nd Earl of, 208, 256, 267
Grey, Jane, 22–3, 67, 134
James VI, 212, 263, 279
Knollys, Sir Francis, 153
Knollys, Lettice, 153, 182, 199, 200, 202, 205–9, 211–3, 227, 234, 237, 240, 245, 276–7
Mary I, 60, 64, 72–3, 76
Mary Queen of Scots, 114, 126, 131–3, 164–9, 171–2, 175–8, 200, 229–31, 259, 262–3
Norfolk, Duke of, 170–3, 175–7
Northumberland, Duke of, 43
Parr, Catherine, 13, 21–2, 26
Philip II, 75–6, 87
Scottish Lords, 133–4
Seymour, Thomas, 21–2, 26–7, 43, 51
Sidney, Mary, 77, 96, 116, 142, 194, 206, 208, 219
Sidney, Sir Philip, 202, 210, 219, 224, 253, 265
Simier, Jean de, 218–19
Snakenborg, Helena von, 158
Spenser, Edmund, 143–4
Sussex, Earl of, 89, 122–4, 126, 133, 153, 163, 165, 229
Warwick, Countess of (Anne Russell), 153, 193
Personal characteristics Appearance, clothing, cleanliness, 81, 92, 117, 137, 273, 281
Appetite, 81, 194, 196
Armada, attitude to, 269–70, 272–3
Courtship, 93–5, 97, 153, 175, 219–20
Dissimulation skills/indecisiveness, 27, 72–3, 92, 94–6, 98, 115, 121, 123, 126, 164, 168, 205, 216, 219–21, 223–6, 238–40, 242, 255, 258, 263, 269, 280–1
Education/upbringing, 13–15, 22, 51, 80, 91, 205
Excommunication, 173
Financial difficulties under Mary I, 79, 86
Health/smallpox, 89, 115, 117, 125, 136, 176, 178, 180, 236, 239
Homes, 43–4, 79, 193
Horsemanship, 84, 86, 88, 99, 117, 136, 193–4, 267
In Tower of London, 72–3
Infertility/need for heirs/threat of pregnancy, xvii, 92, 99, 104, 107–9, 111, 114, 119–20, 123–6, 144–5, 148, 164, 218–19, 230, 279
Investment in mercantile ventures, 148, 198–9, 223, 225–6
Low Countries, Attitude to involvement in, 217, 221–9, 238–40, 242–8, 251, 254–7, 266, 269
Parliamentary pressure to marry, 163–4
Parsimony, 85, 98–9, 116, 125, 163, 167, 224, 240, 243, 245, 247–8, 251, 269, 280
Political acumen, 81, 88, 91–2, 160, 222
Popularity, 44, 67, 72, 80–1, 87–9, 91, 107, 119, 127, 167, 171, 173, 176, 186, 203, 217, 219, 224, 230, 259, 279
Religious affiliation/tolerance/ orthodoxy, 3, 65, 67, 72–3, 76, 80–1, 87, 89, 90–2, 109, 167, 169, 174, 186–7, 189–92, 243, 254
Risk from plotting against Mary I, 65, 67–8, 72–6, 80, 86, 128, 134
Vanity, finery, 81, 88–9, 153, 167
Virginity, virtue, 93, 99–100, 115, 123, 145, 165, 227, 278–9
Regal status Claim to throne/legitimacy, 17, 32, 48–50, 54–5, 57, 75–6, 80–1, 87, 91, 98, 119, 169, 186, 223, 264
Divine right/anointed monarchy, 91, 133–4, 221, 259
Establishment as Queen, 88, 120
Gloriana in Faerie Queen, 144, 279
Heirs, Reluctance to nominate, 110, 114, 125, 127–30, 133–4, 153, 161, 164, 168–9, 172, 201, 210–1, 234, 259
Hostility/threat of murder/treason, 113–4, 127, 171–3, 175–6, 186–7, 222, 229, 230–2, 259–60, 262
Ladies in waiting/of the bedchamber, 78, 82, 100, 106, 110, 115, 142, 153, 155, 158, 181, 235
Marriage suits in Europe, 76, 89, 91–7, 99, 104, 110, 118–24, 126–7, 132–3, 154–6, 159, 163, 165, 279
Marriages of rival claimants to throne, 111, 125–6, 128–30, 133–4, 170–1
Relationship with Robert Gifts from Robert, 150, 275
Humiliates Robert, 156, 160–1, 164, 171, 179, 205, 208, 211, 223, 225, 227, 245–7, 256, 278
Jealousy at Robert’s female companions/marriage, 101, 153–4, 180, 182–3, 196–7, 201–8, 211–13, 227, 234, 240
Leicester’s Commonwealth, 236–7
Rival English suitors to Robert, 95, 145, 152, 157, 191–2
Tests Robert’s integrity, 108, 201
With Robert, 37, 43, 73, 79–80, 82, 85–7, 93–7, 99–115, 120–4, 126, 128, 131–3, 138, 141, 149–50, 152–61, 163–5, 172, 179–81, 189, 193, 200, 202–9, 216, 218–9, 222, 224, 227, 234, 236–9, 245–8, 251, 253–7, 266–7, 269, 273, 277–8, 281
Visits: Cambridge University, 117, 143
Kenilworth, 139, 193–7,
Oxford University, 136–7
Wanstead, 202, 204
Warwick, 193
Elizabethan age, xviii, 280–1
Elizabethan imperialism, 143
Ely Place, Holborn, 9, 11, 35–6, 265
Emerson, Ralph, 237
Émigrés, 75, 80
Empson, Sir Richard, 6–7
English Historical Review, 102
Enterprise of England, The, 175, 223–4, 226–7, 230, 240, 255, 257
Erasmus, 135
Eric Vasa, Prince, later Eric XIV of Sweden, 93, 95–7, 106, 113, 123, 154, 158
Erskine, John, 1st Earl of Mar, 178
Esher, Surrey, 184–5
Esk, River, 24–5
Espés, Antonio, Guerau de, del Valle, 140–1, 165–7, 170, 172–3, 198, 222
Essex, Earls of, See Devereux
Evangelical faith/adherents, 3–4, 13
Exchequer, Royal, 6, 28, 87, 89, 91, 99, 170, 243
Faerie Queen, The, 144
Fane, Sir Ralph, 42, 44
Farnese, Alexander, Duke of Parma, 223, 225–6, 228, 238, 241, 243, 245, 250–2, 254–9, 267, 269–73, 279
Feckenham, Dr John, Abbot of Westminster, 69
Fénélon, Bertrand de Salignac de la Mothe, 165
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, 117
Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria, 92, 117, 119, 121
Feron, Louis, 229–30
Ferrex and Porrex, 144
Feria, Duke of, See Suárez
Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith), 3
Field, John, 189
Fillol, Catherine, 22
Fireworks, 193, 195, 202, 242
First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, The, 91
Fisher, Mr and house in Warwick, 193
FitzAlan, Henry, Lord Maltravers, later 19th Earl of Arundel, 2, 8, 32, 35, 43, 57–62, 89, 95, 123, 165, 170–1, 176
Fitzgerald Earls of Desmond, 157
Fitzpatrick, Barnaby, 1st Lord of Upper Ossery, 15
Fitzpatrick, Barnaby, 2nd Lord of Upper Ossery, 15
Fitzroy, Henry, Duke of Richmond, 21
Fleet prison, 162, 212, 235
Fleming, Mary, 169
Flowers of Epigrams, 143
Flodden, Battle of, 2
Flushing, 228, 238, 240, 242, 250, 256, 269, 273
Foix, Paul de, French Ambassador, 122–3, 132, 155–6, 158, 164–5
Forêt, M. de la, French ambassador, 156, 159
Forster, Anthony, 101, 103, 140
Forth, Firth of, 11, 272
Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, 158, 262–3
Framlingham, Norfolk, 58–9, 61
Francis II, Dauphin, later King of France, 11, 20, 25, 38, 75, 78, 98, 118
Fraser, Lady Antonia, xvii, xviii
Frederick III, Elector Palatine, 148
French ambassador/embassy, 57, 85, 261
Frobisher, Sir Martin, 147
Galleon Leicester, 147
Gardiner, George, Dean of Norwich, 163
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, 2, 17, 27, 32–4, 38, 41, 62–3, 65, 69, 72–3
Garter, Order of the, 11, 37, 40, 43, 45, 94, 116–7, 165, 177, 267
Gascoyne, George, 196
Gates, Sir Thomas, 41, 63–4
Gaunt, John of, Duke of Lancaster, 138, 264
Geneva, 87, 91
Gentleman Gaoler of the Tower, 61, 66
Gentleman Pensioner, 145
German Protestant princes, 86, 119, 190, 202
Gertruinenberg, 222,
Gheast, Edmund, Bishop of Rochester, 155
Gifford, George, 260–1
Gifford, Gilbert, 260–2
Glorious Revolution, The, 127
Golden Hind, 223, 225–6
Golding, Arthur, 146
Good Duke, The, See Seymour, Edward
Goodrowse, Dr, 247
Gordon George, 4th Earl of Huntly, 24
Gorges, Sir, Thomas, 158
Grafton Oxfordshire, 193
Grafton, Richard, 146
Graves, 150–1
Gravelines, Flanders, 271
Gravesend, 272
Gray’s Inn, 5
Great Ards, Ulster, 198
Great Seal of England, 42, 60
Greenwich, 8, 42, 45, 48, 52, 54, 77–8, 99, 106, 157, 170–1, 219, 227, 246, 257
Gresham, Sir Thomas, 30, 91
Grey, Arthur, 14th Lord Grey de Wilton, later Lord Deputy of Ireland, 52, 144, 192, 254
Grey, Catherine, 21, 52–3, 110–13, 116, 125, 134, 161–2
Grey, Edward, 1st Viscount Lisle, 7
Grey, Sir Edward, Lord of Powis, 30
Grey, Elizabeth, later Viscountess Lisle, 7
Grey, Henry, Marquess of Dorset, later Duke of Suffolk, 3, 14, 18–20, 22, 26, 41, 49–52, 56–7, 59–60, 64–71
Grey, Jane, 14, 20–3, 26–7, 48, 50–70, 73, 110–1, 140, 233
Grey, Lord John, of Pirgo (brother of Henry, Duke of Suffolk), 68
Grey, Sir John, of Groby, 50
Grey, Mary, 21, 52–3, 162
Grey, Lord Thomas (brother of Henry, Duke of Suffolk), 68
Grey, Sir William, 13th Lord de Wilton, 23, 29
Grey’s Court, Henley, 200, 206, 208
Greys, 55
Grindal, Edmund, Bishop of London, later Archbishop of Canterbury, 94, 126, 155, 189–91, 235
Grindall, William, 14
Groningen, 252
Guard, Captain of the, 178
Guildford, Sir Edward, 7–9, 44
Guildford, Jane, Duchess of Northumberland, 7, 9–10, 13, 47, 53, 56–8, 60–1, 64, 73–4
Guildhall, London, 65–6
Guise, Francis, 2nd Duke of, 78, 114
Guise, Marie of, Queen Regent of Scotland, 23, 25, 38, 92, 97–8
Guises, 87, 97–8, 114, 118–19, 126, 226, 228, 230, 262
Gustav I Vasa, King of Sweden, 113
Guzmán, Alonso Pérez de, Duke of Medina Sidonia, 269–71
Guzmán, Maria Enriques, de Toledo, y, Duchess of Alva, 74
Habsburg, 40, 97, 123, 164