500 Days: Secrets and Lies in the Terror Wars
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Iraq War:
American public interest in, 505
Blair’s position on, 241–42, 244, 245, 251–53, 260–62, 263, 316, 321, 322, 328–29, 354, 355–56, 357, 363–64, 365, 391, 393, 394, 402, 421–22, 451–53, 466, 467–68, 470, 471, 472–73, 480–81, 485, 486, 488–89, 495, 496–97, 504–5
Britain’s role in, 240, 241, 242, 244, 251–52, 321–22, 328–29, 339, 353, 355, 451, 452, 468, 470, 471, 473, 480, 481, 485, 488–89, 493, 494, 497
British legal analysis of, 468, 473, 480, 481, 488–89
British opposition to, 244, 328, 339, 354, 422, 466, 471, 494, 496–97, 504–5
Bush’s biblical interpretation of, 459, 460–61
Bush’s preoccupation with, 505
Bush’s “ultimatum speech” in, 495–96, 498, 499, 500
Cheney’s position on, 352–53, 354, 355, 356, 357, 363, 364, 505
civilian casualty expectations in, 452
French position on, 391, 454–55, 458, 459, 461, 462, 484–85
international opposition to, 243, 244, 245, 261, 322, 328, 354, 356, 401–2, 454–55, 458, 459, 461, 462–63, 466, 471, 484–85, 486
international support for, 241–42, 244, 321–22, 339, 418, 493–95
justification for, 72, 89, 234, 355, 505
KSM’s threats about, 484
legal basis for, 252
Middle Eastern allies in, 241, 321–22, 355
and Middle East peace process, 241, 244–45, 260, 261–62, 263, 316, 322, 355, 494
military strategy for, 173, 234, 245, 252, 253, 260, 321–22, 329, 451–52, 470–71, 494, 497–99
political conflict over, 504, 506
Powell’s position on, 338–39, 353, 364, 499, 505
Putin’s position on, 392, 393, 394, 486
regime change in, 242, 244, 251–52, 253, 261, 263, 328, 329, 339, 353, 355, 452, 453, 471, 504
Rumsfeld’s preoccupation with, 447
Saddam’s capture in, 518–20
secrecy in, 252
U.N. authorization for, 458, 461, 462, 466, 468, 470, 471, 472, 473, 480, 485, 486, 489, 493, 494, 495, 496, 505
U.S. first strike in, 497–501
U.S. plan for, 241–42, 243–44, 245, 251, 252, 253, 260–62, 263, 316, 321–22, 328, 329, 338–39, 351, 353, 354, 355, 357, 363, 364–66, 391, 393, 401–2, 410–11, 421–22, 449, 452, 453, 458–59, 461–62, 470–71, 472, 473, 480, 481, 486, 493–95, 504
Isamuddin, Riduan (Hambali), 347–48, 394, 492–93
Islamabad, Pakistan, 258, 267
Islamic extremists:
biological and chemical weapons sought by, 3, 129
in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 118–19
influx of, 449
1983 Beirut attack by, 31
in Pakistan, 51
psychological treatment of, 191
Putin’s view of, 54, 81, 393–94
in Saudi Arabia, 117, 150, 243
in South Asia, 248, 347
surveillance of, 95–96
tactics of, 3
see also al-Qaeda; Jemaah Islamiyah
ISN 374 (Guantanamo detainee), 210–11
Israel:
Bush’s policy statement on, 315
Palestinian conflict with, 260, 261, 315, 316
see also Middle East, peace process in
Italy, CIA rendition plot in, 126–27, 132, 345–46, 405–7, 411–12, 426–27, 477–79, 480, 511
Ivins, Bruce, 108–11
anthrax decontamination by, 161–62, 265–66, 412
in anthrax investigation, 134, 228, 231–33, 266, 412
anthrax work of, 108–9, 115, 166, 185, 489
background check of, 111
code fixation of, 131–32, 514
colleague’s suspicion about, 231
Defense Department commendation of, 489–90
investigation of, 412, 513–18
mental instability of, 109–11, 124, 185, 231, 412–13, 515–17
suicide of, 517–18
Ivins, Diane, 517, 518
J
Ja’far al-Tayyar, 345
Jalalabad, Afghanistan, 151, 158
Jalalabad Islamic studies center, 150–51
James, Larry, 442, 443, 447–49
Janabi, Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-(Curveball), 505
Japan, 237
terrorist attacks in, 2, 68
Jarrah, Ziad, 30
Jawahir, Gail, 16–17
Jemaah Islamiyah, 165–66, 347, 394, 415, 550
CIA’s crippling of, 492–93
see also Bali attacks
Jessen, Bruce, 193, 195, 544
Jimi (Bali terrorist), 394, 395, 396, 398
Joanne (Bali tourist), 397, 398, 399
Johnson v. Eisentrager, 309
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 74, 358
communications center of, 34
in detainee treatment debate, 187, 188, 214
in interrogation policy conflict, 446, 451, 474
on 9/11, 33
Joint Task Force 170, see Guantanamo Bay, military interrogation program at
Joint Terrorism Task Force, 208, 371, 374
Jones, Cristina, 190–91
Jones, Greg, 14
Jones Aviation, 29
Jordan:
counterterrorist intelligence from, 98
and Iraq War, 241, 338
torture’s use in, 44, 416
Justice Department, U.S.:
and al-Qaeda nuclear reactor threat, 325
in Arar case, 381–82, 388
and CIA interrogation program, 280–82, 283, 337, 343
in detainee treatment debate, 187, 224–25, 230
in Guantanamo interrogation policy conflict, 404
in Hamdi case, 258, 302–4, 309, 408
law enforcement divisions of, 10
and military commissions, 145, 148, 149, 150, 152, 182, 183
and military interrogation policy, 467
in Moussaoui case, 178, 181, 271
9/11 events in, 24, 38, 46
Office of Professional Responsibility at, 506, 507
in Padilla case, 306
see also Ashcroft, John
Justice Department, U.S., Office of Legal Counsel, 38, 46, 122, 506
investigation of, 506–7
reputation of, 463
on Saddam assassination scenario, 471
in Stellar Wind operations, 106
torture definition by, 299–300, 319–21, 332–34, 337, 342, 378, 379, 428, 463–64
see also Yoo, John
justice system, U.S.:
enemy combatants’ exclusion from, 48, 83, 102–3, 144, 145, 195, 196, 258, 259, 304–5, 311–12, 318, 323, 329, 335, 436, 438, 511; see also Guantanamo Bay; military commissions; Prosper group
military commissions review by, 144, 155, 156, 161
K
Kabul, Afghanistan, 82, 113, 146, 159, 162, 163
Kamens, Geremy, 317
Kandahar, Afghanistan, 82, 113, 166–67
Kandahar Airport, 242
Kappa Kappa Gamma, 77, 110, 132, 231, 514
Karachi, Pakistan, 267, 493
al-Qaeda biological laboratory in, 165, 166, 222
bin al-Shibh’s capture in, 351, 361–63
Karshi-Khanabad air base, 80
Karzai, Hamid, 201–2
Katyal, Neal, 155–56, 160–61, 173–74
Kavanaugh, Brett, 314
Kennedy, Anthony, 310, 313–14
Kennedy, Charles, 402
Kennedy, Edward, 66, 182
Kenya, U.S. embassy bombing in, 5, 63, 97, 103, 193
Khadr, Ahmed Said, 85, 276
Khadr, Omar, 387–88, 389
Khalili, Masood, 15
Khan, Majid, 492
Khan Gulan Patsheh, 5
Khattak, 239
Khian, Vini, 347
King, Larry, 311
Kingsley Amateur Football Club, 397
Kiriakou, John, 249, 250–51
Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 100
/>
Kobilica, Anela, 118, 119–21
Koester, Jennifer, 300, 333
Kollar-Kotelly, Colleen, 318, 319, 335–36
Koran, 367, 423, 441, 484
Kosovo War, 215
Koussa, Moussa, 116–17, 123
Krongard, Buzzy, 94
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, terrorist summit in, 97
Kunduz, Afghanistan, 168
Kuwait, and Iraq War, 241, 321, 328
L
Laatar, Thérèse, 375
Labour Party, British, Iraq War opposition in, 328, 486, 504
Lady, Robert, 345–46, 405–7, 411, 426, 478, 511
Lajes Field, 493
Lander, Stephen, 40, 41
Lashkar-e-Tayibba, 248
Laufman, David, 529
Leahy, Patrick, 115, 161, 173
learned helplessness, 191, 193, 293
Lebanon, in war on terror strategy, 123
Lebron, Estela Ortega, 286
Lehnert, Michael, 220
Leon, Richard J., 513
Leso, John, 378, 442–43
Libby, Scooter, 22, 29, 41, 42
Libi, Ibn al-Shaykh al-, 179–80, 184–85
CIA interrogation of, 209, 218–19
CIA’s rendition of, 219, 233
Egyptians’ torture of, 219, 233
FBI interrogation of, 207–9, 219
Liby, Anas al-, 193
Libya:
counterterrorism intelligence from, 116–18, 123
Islamic extremism in, 193
U.S. relations with, 116, 117
in war on terror strategy, 123
weapons of mass destruction in, 328
Lieberman, Joseph, 182–83
Lindh, John Walker, 170, 175, 176, 258, 262, 304, 326–27
Logan International Airport, 9/11 flight from, 16
Lohr, Michael, 433
London, England, antiterrorism precautions in, 40, 53
London Eye, 40
Looming Tower, The: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (Wright), 526
Los Angeles International Airport, al-Qaeda plot against, 7
Lovelace, Nick, 473
Luke, Hannabeth, 396, 397
LZA Thornton Tomasetti, 164
M
McCartney, Jason, 397, 398, 399
McGuire Woods, 507
McIlroy, Bradley, 397, 398, 399
McLaughlin, John, 1, 73, 106
McLean, Nicole, 397, 398
Mahon, Alice, 402
Mahon, Marty, 208, 209
Malaysia, terrorist threat in, 204
Mallow, Britt, 312–13, 416–17, 420
Maltbie, Michael, 14
Manchester Manual, 128n, 193–95, 194n, 282, 293, 301, 329, 544–52
Mancini, Marco, 411, 412, 426
Manning, David, 72, 243–45, 261, 321–22, 353, 354, 364, 366, 470, 499–500
Margulies, Joseph, 236, 311, 318–19
Marine One, 48
Marines, U.S., at Guantanamo Bay, 207, 210, 211
Marine Security Company, 73
Marr, Andrew, 473
Marri, Ali Saleh Kahlah al-, 340
Marshals Service, U.S., 10
Martinez, Deuce, 490–91
Martyn, Michael, 397, 398, 399
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 14–15, 41–42, 56
Mayaguez, SS, 82
Mayer, Jane, 526
Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan, 113, 138, 139, 146–47, 149
Mazigh, Monia, 222–23, 373, 375, 376, 381, 509
media:
anthrax attacks on, 77, 87–88, 91–92, 101, 107, 115, 121–22, 123–25, 126, 127–28
bin Laden’s use of, 6, 114, 268
Blair’s portrayal in, 244
Bush administration’s relations with, 105
detainee policy leak to, 227
Padilla case in, 306–8
Rasul v. Bush case in, 236, 237
weapons inspectors’ portrayal in, 488
Meet the Press, 488
Meléndez-Pérez, José, 10–12
Meyer, Christopher, 240–41, 353, 354, 365
MI5, 40, 367, 377, 422, 475
Microelectronics International, 85, 102, 223
Micronesia, due process case involving, 312, 335
Middle East:
Bush’s policy statement on, 314–16, 322
Canadian intelligence’s contact with, 130, 147, 161
intelligence services in, 98, 130, 147, 194n, 325
Iraq diplomacy efforts in, 493
Iraq War support in, 241, 321–22, 355
peace process in, 241, 244–45, 260, 261–62, 263, 314–16, 322, 355, 364, 494
secret police in, 44
terrorist financing from, 92, 93
torture’s use in, 44, 194, 218, 219, 387, 389, 416, 419, 420
U.S. relations in, 51, 116, 338
Miers, Harriet, 154, 156
Mihdhar, Khalid al-, 33
military, U.S.:
in Afghanistan War, 56, 64, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 137, 146, 149, 159, 173, 177, 180, 181, 184
anthrax vaccines for, 115
CIA interrogation meeting with, 377–79, 403
Directorate of Intelligence Joint Staff of, 357, 473
domestic action by, 139–40
enemy combatants’ importance to, 316–17
Geneva Conventions’ protection of, 188, 214, 227, 230, 465, 485
Geneva Conventions training in, 214, 218, 229–30, 465
Guantanamo Bay’s management by, 207
Guantanamo intelligence used by, 296, 298
Hamdi’s detention by, 260, 266, 292
interrogation methods used by, 327–28, 403, 404, 405, 416, 420, 428, 431, 433, 434, 436–38, 439–41, 442, 447, 450, 474
interrogation program of, 192–93, 237–38, 245, 293, 295–96, 298, 313, 325, 327–28, 330–32, 340, 367, 375–76, 377–79, 382–83, 403–5, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427–29, 430–43, 444–45, 446–51, 453, 455–57, 463–67, 473–76, 485–86
interrogation survival program in, 191, 192
Iraq War strategy of, 173, 252, 260, 451–52, 497–99
Joint Personnel Recovery Agency of, 192, 327, 328, 331, 376, 473
Padilla’s detention by, 304, 305–6, 368
president’s authority over, 35–36, 139–40
Rumsfeld’s distrust of, 34
Rumsfeld’s vision of, 237
Tipton Three interrogation by, 175
see also Defense Department, U.S.; Joint Chiefs of Staff; specific branches
military commissions:
administration infighting over, 145, 148, 149–50, 151–52, 156–58, 182, 183
bureaucratic delays of, 246–47
Congress’s role in, 155, 174, 512
designations for, 145, 148, 150, 151–52, 160, 182, 221
and domestic arrests, 139
at Guantanamo Bay, 247, 512–13
interrogation policy’s significance to, 438, 439, 485
judicial review of, 144, 155, 156, 161
legal opinion on, 122–23, 148; see also Prosper group
legal opposition to, 155–56, 159–61, 173–74
political conflict over, 504
precedent for, 84, 103, 137, 144, 145
presidential order for, 137, 140, 144–45, 148, 149, 152, 153–54, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 174, 247, 512
Senate hearing on, 161, 173–74, 181–83
Military Commissions Act, 512
Miller, Doug, 30
Miller, Geoffrey, 404, 415, 416, 417, 420, 422, 427, 449
Miller, Tommy E., 299, 300
Mineta, Norm, 21–22, 25–26, 27
Mitchell, Jim, 191, 193, 194, 195, 256, 257, 278, 279, 280, 544
Mobbs, Michael, 329–30, 341, 342, 408
Mohamed, Binyam, 304
Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh (KSM):
and anthrax development program, 165, 166
capture of, 482–84
CIA interrogation of, 484, 487, 490–93
in
telligence obtained from, 491–93
9/11 admission by, 269, 308
9/11 plot of, 63–64
Pakistani interrogation of, 484
Zubaydah’s information about, 254–55, 279
Mole, The, 515
Mora, Alberto, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435–36, 437–39, 443, 444–45, 446–47, 450–51, 453, 463–64, 466, 475–76
Morello, Steven, 434, 435
Mounties:
and Arar detention, 370, 381, 388, 509, 539
terrorist investigations by, 101–2, 126, 130, 146, 147, 222–24, 539