500 Days: Secrets and Lies in the Terror Wars
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Moussaoui, Zacarias:
on 9/11, 23, 325
al-Libi’s information about, 208
arrest of, 12–14, 181
indictment of, 178, 181, 182
investigation of, 529
legal case of, 262, 269–71, 304
Moutardier, Hermis, 190, 191
Mueller, Bob, 24, 46, 50, 181, 306, 308, 342, 343
Mujahir, Abdullah al-, see Padilla, José
Mujama’ 6, 4
Mukasey, Michael, 293–94, 304, 305
mukhabarat, 44
Mukhabarat al-Aama, 233
“Mukhtar,” see Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh
Musharraf, Pervez, 51, 80, 91, 363
Muslim Brotherhood, 550
Myers, Richard, 33–34, 358, 498, 499
N
Nashiri, Abd al-Rahim al-, 345
National Military Control Center (NMCC), 29, 33, 34
National Reconnaissance Office, 180, 351, 520
National Security Agency (NSA):
data handled by, 97, 99–100
pre-9/11 intelligence gathered by, 8
reverse targeting by, 98–99
surveillance by, 60, 95–100, 104–7, 134, 141–42, 180, 243, 248, 309, 351, 504
National Security Council (NSC), 35, 50, 55, 78, 79, 122, 145, 146, 149, 157, 158, 187, 224, 280, 343
National Security Presidential Directive number nine, 55, 79
NATO, 462
Bosnian peacekeeping by, 204–5, 206, 215, 216
Prague summit of, 420, 421–22
Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS), 206, 430, 431, 433, 437, 443
Naval Weapons Station Charleston, 306
Navy, U.S., 81, 229, 430
Judge Advocate General Corps of, 444, 446, 465
Navy SEALs, 520–21
NBC, 87–88, 107, 115, 121, 126, 127–28
Negron, Peter, 503
Negroponte, John, 476
Newman, Donna, 294, 306
New York, N.Y.:
post-9/11 structural damage in, 163–65
see also World Trade Center
New York Police Department, 371
New York Post, 91, 115
New York Stock Exchange, 307, 308
New York Times, 128, 159, 160, 488
Nickles, Don, 68
Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, 195
Norfolk Naval Station, 260, 266, 292
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), 33–34
Northern Alliance:
in Afghanistan War, 56, 64, 73, 87, 114, 137–38, 139, 143, 146, 147, 149, 151, 158, 159, 162, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174–75, 186
Kabul’s occupation by, 159, 162, 163
setbacks of, 14–15, 41–42
U.S. relationship with, 8, 14, 56, 64, 73, 87, 137–38, 162
Northern Iraq Liaison Unit, 497
North Korea, 237, 509
weapons of mass destruction in, 328
Northwest Airlines, 36–37
nuclear reactors, suspected al-Qaeda plot against, 325
nuclear weapons:
al-Qaeda’s quest for, 5, 233, 279, 548
in Iraq, 469, 479, 488
see also weapons of mass destruction
Nutsch, Mark, 138, 139, 149
O
Obama, Barack, 520
Obama administration, 522
Objective RHINO, 140–41
O’Connor, Erin, 88, 107, 121–22, 123–25
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 310
Odah, Khalid al-, 336
Offutt Air Force Base, 45
Ogrisseg, Jerald, 330
Olson, Barbara, 311
Olson, Ted, 302, 303, 309, 310–11, 313
Omar, Mohammed, 73, 113
O’Neill, Paul, 73
Operation Noble Eagle, see anthrax attacks, investigation of
Operation Red Dawn, 518–19
optical identification, 249
Orlando International Airport, al-Qahtani’s attempted entry at, 10–12, 324–25
Osman (al-Qaeda terrorist), 4
Ottawa, Canada, police department of, 126
Oummih, Amal, 385
P
Pace, Peter, 214, 217, 229–30
Paddy’s Irish Pub, 394, 395, 397–98, 399
Padilla, José:
FBI interrogation of, 285–91
FBI’s arrest of, 291
legal case of, 293–94, 304–6
military’s detention of, 304, 305–6, 368
press statements about, 306–8
Zubaydah’s identification of, 280, 304, 305
Pakistan:
in Afghanistan War, 73, 80, 91, 177
al-Qaeda arrests in, 185, 185n, 207, 239–40, 247–50, 351, 361–63, 482–84, 492, 493
al-Qaeda escape routes to, 178, 180–81, 184–85, 189, 248
bin Laden’s death in, 520–21
bin Laden’s escape to, 186, 250
Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence in, 351, 361, 362
Islamic extremists in, 51
Taliban’s relationship with, 50, 51
terrorist interrogations in, 304
U.S. bounties offered in, 189, 250, 483
U.S. relations with, 51, 91, 250, 389
Palestinians:
Bush’s policy statement on, 315
Israeli conflict with, 260, 261, 315, 316; see also Middle East, peace process in
Paltridge, Corey, 397
Pan Am flight 103, 116
Pan Am International Flight Academy, 13
Panetta, Leon, 520
Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan, 87, 138
Paquete Habana v. U.S., 465
Paracha, Sayf al-Rahman, 491
Parliament, British:
Blair opposition in, 244, 328, 402, 486, 494, 496–97
Iraq war legality report to, 489
Pashtuns, 73, 159, 167, 178, 201, 239
Pastika, I Made Mangku, 413, 414
Patriot Act, 160
Paulette, William, 266
Pauley, Jane, 110
PBS, 128
Pecaut, Blaine, 396, 400–401
Pentagon:
attack on, 26, 27–28, 29, 33
Executive Support Center of, 22
proposed 9/11 evacuation of, 22
see also Defense Department, U.S.; September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
Persian Gulf War, 352, 452, 489, 500, 548
biological weapons found in, 75–76, 128
congressional authorization for, 58, 59–60, 61, 66
Petraeus, David, 205
Phifer, Jerald, 377, 403, 404, 405, 416
Philbin, Pat, 122–23, 148, 334
Philippines, counterterrorist training in, 229
phobias, 464
Pickard, Tom, 9–10, 528, 529, 530
Pignero, Gustavo, 412, 426, 427
Pigott, Anthony, 252, 253
Piro, George, 519–20
Pironi, Luciano, 345–46, 478–79
Plan of Attack (Woodward), 526
Poland, CIA secret prison in, 486–87, 572–73
Pollari, Nicolò, 406, 407
Portugal, in Iraq War, 493
Posse Comitatus Act, 139–40
Powell, Colin, 78, 90, 91, 196, 261, 410
in Arar case, 418–19, 420–21, 510
Canadian visit of, 417–19
in detainee treatment debate, 218, 224, 225–27, 229, 230, 232
Iraq War position of, 338–39, 353, 364, 499, 505
on 9/11, 45, 50
Powell, Jonathan, 261, 470
Predator aerial surveillance drones, 56–57, 64, 73, 141, 350
president, U.S.:
counterterrorism funding by, 37
military commissions authority of, 84, 103, 122, 137, 155, 512
war powers of, 35–36, 38, 47–48, 57, 59–62, 65, 66, 139–40, 160, 309, 465, 507, 512
see also Bush, George W.
Presidential Emergency Operations Center, 22, 29–30, 47
Price, Kathryn, 515
Princeton, N.J., anthrax mailings from, 77, 115, 340, 514
Prosper, Pierre-Richard, 83, 103, 122, 123, 136, 246
Prosper group, 83, 103, 122–23, 136–37, 246–47
Protestant Federation of France, 460
Putin, Ludmilla, 391
Putin, Vladimir:
Blair’s meeting with, 391–94
and Chechnya conflict, 54, 81
Iraq War position of, 392, 393, 394, 486
9/11 reaction of, 45, 54, 91
Q
Qahtani, Mohammed al-:
FBI interrogation of, 332, 339–40, 378, 405
FBI’s identification of, 324–25
isolation of, 339
military interrogation of, 332, 367, 378, 403, 404–5, 407, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427, 433–34, 436–37, 439–42, 446, 449–50
Special Interrogation Plan for, 416, 417, 419–20
U.S. Customs’ refusal of, 10–12
Qala-i-Jangi, 168–71, 175, 176
Qarshi, Abul Baraa, 482
Quetta, Pakistan, 483
Qutb, Sayyid, 550
R
Radio Elshinta, 415
Ralpho v. Bell, 312, 335
Rasul, Shafiq, 174, 511, 512
Rasul et al. v. Bush, 236, 311, 318, 335, 511
Ratner, Michael, 159–60
Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 482, 483
Reagan, Ronald, 460, 570–71
Reagan administration, 58
Red Hot Chili Peppers, 279
Reid, Harry, 68
Reid, Richard, 190–91, 208, 242
rendition, xi, 79, 127, 160, 219, 233, 277, 333
see also Abu Omar; Almalki, Abdullah; Arar, Maher; El-Maati, Ahmad; Italy, CIA rendition plot in
Reno, Janet, 529
Renuart, Victor, Jr., 173
Reprieve US, 212, 213
Republican Party, U.S., 506
Reuters, 488
Rice, Condoleezza, 76, 90, 449, 495, 505–6
Blix’s report to, 476–77
and CIA interrogation policy, 282, 283
counterterrorism policy position of, 49
in detainee treatment policy debate, 229
in detention center decision, 196
in Iraq War planning, 243–44, 261, 328, 338, 353, 354, 364, 365, 470, 472, 499
and military commissions order, 156
on 9/11, 23, 31, 45, 49
pre-9/11 intelligence briefing of, 350
at pre-election intelligence briefing, 1
war on terror strategy memo of, 78–79
ricin, 128n
Rivera, Marisol, 287
Rizzo, John, 280, 282, 350, 367
Rockefeller, John D., IV, 559
Romano, Ray, 207
Römer, Thomas, 460
Romig, Thomas, 485–86
Roosevelt, Franklin, 84, 137, 144, 246
Rosen, Joanna, 155, 173
Rove, Karl, 241
Royal Marines, 240
Rumsfeld, Donald:
on 9/11, 27–28, 31, 33, 34–35, 36
in Afghanistan War planning, 82, 89, 137, 146, 149, 177–78, 180
in Algerian Six case, 205
Defense Department leadership of, 34, 137, 246
detainee treatment memo of, 217–18
in detention center decision, 195
and elderly detainee release, 336
on European war opposition, 462
Guantanamo Bay nickname of, 220
and Guantanamo interrogation program, 237–38, 327, 415, 415n, 427, 429, 434, 435, 437, 438, 446, 447, 449–50, 453
in Hamdi case, 258
Iraq position of, 72, 89, 123, 354, 363
in Iraq War planning, 173, 252, 447, 499
military commissions authority of, 145, 148, 151, 152
9/11 response strategy of, 31, 56
in Padilla case, 305, 306
resignation of, 506
in shootdown order legal question, 36
weapons of mass destruction report to, 357–58, 383
Russia:
Chechnya conflict in, 54, 81
Iraq War position of, 484–85, 486
smallpox repository in, 76
U.S. relations with, 51, 81, 392
in war on terror, 55, 72, 81
see also Putin, Vladimir
Ryan, Jake, 399, 400
Ryan, Mitch, 399–400
Rycroft, Matthew, 470
Ryder, Donald, 206
S
Sabri, Naji, 366
Salah, Muhammad, 63
Salloum, George, 161, 165, 375, 379, 380
Samit, Harry, 12, 13, 14
Samudra, Imam, 347, 348, 395
Sari Club, 394, 395, 397, 398, 399
sarin gas, 68
Saudi Arabia, 549
bin Laden’s time in, 546, 548
counterterrorist intelligence from, 98
and Iraq War, 241, 338
Islamic extremism in, 117, 150, 243
royal family of, 93, 116, 117
Scarlett, John, 40, 41
Schmitt, Todd, 285
Schröder, Gerhard, 461
Schroen, Gary, 87
Secret Service, U.S., 2, 67, 68, 76
on 9/11, 23, 30, 39
Seligman, Martin E. P., 191, 193
Senate, U.S.:
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee of, 115
anthrax attacks on, 115, 173
Judiciary Committee of, 173
military commissions hearing in, 161, 173–74, 181–83
war on terror resolution in, 68–71
Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility (SCIF), 141
sensory deprivation, 192, 434
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 16–17, 21–52
additional hijacking weapons found following, 84–85
aircraft grounding during, 26–27, 45, 84
aircraft shootdown order during, 31, 32, 34–36, 61
al-Qaeda’s admission to, 257–58, 267–69, 308–9
al-Qaeda’s plans for, 12, 16, 63–64, 242, 325, 340
al-Qahtani’s interrogation about, 422, 424, 425–26, 436–37, 441–42
anthrax attacks’ linkage to, 129
bin Laden’s reaction to, 51, 64
bin Laden’s statements about, 94–95, 104, 114–15
bin Laden’s warning about, 5–7
British reaction to, 40–41, 53–55
Bush’s first press statement about, 40
Bush’s Oval Office address following, 49–50, 54
casualties in, 39, 51
Combat Air Patrols during, 30–31
Congressional hearings on, 350–51, 368–70, 529
consequences of, 17, 508
government monitoring of, 21–27, 29–30, 31, 32, 33–35, 36–37, 40, 45, 47
INS screenings related to, 372
investigation of, 24–25, 32–33, 37–38, 45–46, 50, 53, 54, 64, 81, 255, 324–25
KSM’s plan for, 63–64
legal questions concerning, 35–36, 38, 46–48, 57
prior intelligence about, 7, 8–10, 13, 14, 350, 369, 508, 528–30
second anniversary memorial service for, 503–4, 508
societal effects of, 236–37
U.S. response to, 31, 41, 42, 46, 47–48, 49–51, 54–55, 81; see also war on terror
SERE Program, 191, 192–93, 195, 327–28, 330, 333, 375–76, 377, 403, 420, 473–74
Shahbaz Air Base, 80
Shanksville, Pa., 30
Sharon, Ariel, 91, 261
Shearman & Sterling, 311, 318, 335
Sheberghan, Afghanistan, 113
Sheikh Mohammed, Khalid, see Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh
Shelton, Hugh, 33, 74, 78
Sheppard Pratt Health System, 516, 517
Shiffrin, Richard, 327, 328, 330
Shiites, 185, 207
Shindand, Afghanistan, 113
Siemiatkowski, Zbigniew, 572
Singapore,
Jemaah Islamiyah plot in, 347
SIPRNet, 295
SISDE, 126
SISMI, 126, 346, 405, 406, 407, 411, 412, 426–27
Situation Room, 9/11 monitoring in, 21–22, 23–24, 35, 36–37
slapping, 192, 195, 333, 337, 491
sleep deprivation, 192, 195, 279, 333, 378, 464
Sliney, Ben, 26–27
smallpox, 68, 75–77
Smith, Henry, 167, 168
Snow, Olympia, 70
Soloway, Colin, 175–76
Somalia:
naval patrols of, 229
in war on terror strategy, 123
Soufan, Ali, 253, 254, 255, 277, 278, 279, 280, 284, 332, 339–40, 342, 559
Souter, David, 310
Southern Command, U.S., 206, 238, 293, 367–68, 404, 415, 427, 449
Southern Prisoners’ Defense Committee, 212
South Korea, 237
Spain, in Iraq War, 493
Spann, Johnny Michael, 169–70, 171, 172