Napoleon
Page 119
La Révellière-Lépeaux, Louis de 72
member of Directory 144, 209
La Rochefoucauld-Dubreuil, Jean de 290
La Rothière, battle of (1814) 694
La Tour du Pin, Lucie de 285, 468n
La Vallette, General Antoine 111
Labaume, Captain Eugène 618, 621–2, 631
The Crime of 1812 621–2
labour laws, Code Napoléon 278
Lacépède, Bernard, naturalist 349
as chancellor of Légion d’Honneur 449
as chancellor of University of France 746
Lachouque, Henry 800–801
Lacretelle, Charles de, Académie Française 244
Lacuée, General Jean-Gérard, military administrator 61, 238, 347, 434, 569
Lafayette, Marquis de 746, 773
and aftermath of Waterloo 771–2
Laffrey 735–6
Laforest, Antoine, French ambassador in Berlin 410
Lagrange, General Joseph 186–7
Laharpe, General Amédée 75, 89, 91n
l’Ain, Captaun Girod de 599
Lainé, Joseph 687, 698–9
Lalande, Jérôme de 124
l’Albe, General Bacler de 251–2
Lallemand, General Charles 775
Lamarque, General Jean-Maximilian 743, 745
Lamouret, Captain 731
Lampedusa, island 323
Landgrafenberg 418 and n
Landshut Manoeuvre (1809) 503, 504–5, 506–8
Langeron, General Comte Louis de 623
at Berezina river 629
Leipzig 682
languages, France 279–80
Lanjuinais, Comte Jean-Denis 8, 307, 310, 699
Lannes, Marshal Jean 89–90, 91, 126, 344
and revolt in Pavia 98
in Italy 121, 122, 258
as quartermaster-general in Egypt 163
Holy Land 186
at Acre 196
crossing of Alps 253, 256
Marengo 263, 264, 266, 267
Austerlitz 380, 383, 388
Jena 414–15, 418–19, 420
in Prussia 426
Pultusk 433
Friedland 451, 453, 454
in Germany 501–2, 508
N and 509
Aspern 514, 515
death 516–17
Lâon, battle of (1814) 705
Laplace, Marquis de 16, 233, 239, 595n, 719
Laplane, General Jean de 684
Lapoype, General Jean 47, 51, 684
Marengo 259, 262, 264
Lariboisière, General Jean de 25, 617
Larrey, Dominic, surgeon 434, 674
and typhus 588
Borodino 607–8
and retreat from Moscow 624
on N at Waterloo 756
Las Cases, Marquis de, chamberlain 775, 809
St Helena 779
and N’s memoirs 790
Lasalle, General Antoine de 415, 422
Aspern 514
Wagram 525
Laumond, Jean 347
Lauriston, General Jacques de 297
Landshut 507–8
as ambassador to Russia 567, 568
in Russia 615
Observation Corps of the Elbe 644
Lützen 647
Bautzen 653
Leipzig 681–2
Lavalette, Antoine, aide- de-camp to N 124, 144, 225, 500, 785
and Brumaire coup 222
on Josephine 537
on Malet’s attempted coup 623
and N’s return (1815) 738–9, 741
on 1815 plebiscite 748
Law of the Maximum (price restraints) 212
Le Couteulx de Canteleu, Jean-Barthélémy, manufacturer 246
Le Sueur, Jean-François, Ossian (opera) 14
Le Tourneur, Étienne-François 72
League of Armed Neutrality 286–7
collapse of 296
Lebrun, Charles-François 276, 399
as Third Consul 234
Leclerc, General Charles Victor-Emmanuel 151, 224
marriage to Pauline Bonaparte 144
and Saint-Domingue expedition 300–302
Lecourbe, General Claude 346
defection to N (1815) 737
Lefebvre, Marshal François- Joseph 219, 221–2, 344n, 345
in Poland 436, 448
Bavarian Corps in Germany 501–2
Landshut 503, 506
and N (1815) 743
Lefebvre-Desnouettes, General Charles 484, 809
legal system
reforms of judiciary 241
Code Napoléon 275–9
Legendre, General 485
Légion d’Honneur 464
founding of 348–50
Maison d’Éducation 349, 746
Legislative Body
in 1799 Constitution 236, 244
voting system 236
and Code Napoléon 276
purge (1802) 306–7
and electorate 312
1813 session 641–2
and Frankfurt peace terms 686–7
oath of allegiance to N (1815) 750
Legitimists 528
Legrand, General Claude
Austerlitz 383, 384
Eylau 442
Aspern 513–14
Leipzig 631, 634, 646
Allied advance on 674
N at 674–5
Leipzig, battle of (‘The Battle of the Nations’) (1813) 675–7, 678–9, 680–83
British rocket section 675, 682
battlefield 676
N’s mistakes at 680–81
N’s proposals to Emperor Francis 680
N’s participation 682
N’s retreat from 683–4
Leipzig campaign (1813) 648–9, 662–87
secret meeting with Metternich in Dresden 657–9
splitting of army by N 664
Lejeune, Colonel, Wagram 522
Lejeune, Louis-François, painter 382, 433
Lemarois, General Jean 684
Lenoir, Richard, businessman 315
Leoben, Preliminaries of (1797) 139–41
Léon, Comte (Charles Denuelle) (illegitimate son of N) 400, 534, 796, 807
Lepic, Colonel Louis, Eylau 443
Lestocq, General Anton von 426, 436
at Eylau 438, 444
Friedland 455
Leuchtenberg, Josephine of (daughter of Eugène) 653
Levasseur, Octave 761, 766, 767
Lévis, Duc de 536
Lezay-Marnésia, Adrien de, prefect 689
Liébert, General Jean-Jacques 335
Ligny, battle of (1815) 754, 755
Ligurian Republic, N’s constitution for 142
Limoelan, Joseph Picot de, Chouan 287, 288
L’Inconstant (ship) 729–31
Linois, Admiral 296
Lion, Dieudonné 507
Lithuania 581–2
Liverpool, Earl of 776, 777–8
as Lord Hawkesbury 333, 431; peace negotiations (1801–2) 294–5, 296, 297, 300; on press freedom 316
Livingston, Robert, American negotiator 325, 326
Lloyd’s of London 430
Lobanov-Rotovsky, Prince Dmitry, and Tilsit 456
Lobau, General Georges Mouton de, Count 370–71, 596
Landshut 508
Waterloo 765
local government 555–6
reforms 244–5
administrative reforms 279
Lodi, Italy, storming of bridge at 90–91
Lolo
rgne d’Ideville, François 719
Lombardic Republic 95–6
Loménie de Brienne, Étienne-Charles de, finance minister 26
Lonato, battles of (1796) 111, 112
Louis (Bourbon), King of Etruria (Tuscany) 286, 291
Louis, Prince of Bavaria 501
Louis XV, King of France 5
Louis XVI, King of France
attempted escape from France (1791) 36
captured by mob (1792) 38–9
execution 41
Louis XVIII (Comte de Provence), King of France 248–9, 805
restoration (1814) 710, 713–14
policy errors 726–8, 732
flees Paris 737
and return of N 737
Louis-Philippe, King 806
Louise, Queen, of Prussia 424
and Magdeburg 460–61
death 549
Louisiana Purchase 324–6
Louisiana territory 286
Louvre, Musée du, art treasures from Italy 88
Lovell, Daniel, Stateman 310
Loverdo, General Nicolas 734
Lowe, Sir Hudson 809
governor of St Helena 786–9
and N’s illness 792, 798
and O’Meara 792
Lübeck, capture of 421, 422
Luccesini, Marquis Girolamo de 299, 422
Lullin de Châteauvieux, Frédéric xxxvi
Lunéville, Peace of (1801) 290, 291, 292–3
violations of 313–14
Lusignan, General Marquis de 127
Lusigny, armistice proposals (1814) 703
Lützen, battle of (1813) 646–7, 650–51
Luxembourg Palace, N and Josephine at 227
luxury trade 469
revival 248
Luynes, Duc de 242
lycées, establishment 280–81
Lyons
The Hero’s Return (play) (1799) 206
surrendered (1814) 708
N at 736
Lyons, Consultation of 305–6
Macdonald, Marshal Jacques 210, 344, 345, 526, 744
Wagram 519, 524–5
Russia 596, 609, 634
Lützen 646, 647
Bautzen 652
Leipzig 665, 677, 681, 683
Katzbach 672
Château-Thierry 700
and N’s abdication 711, 716
in command of armies (1815) 773
Mack von Leiberich, General Karl, at Ulm 367–8, 373
Macnamara, John, Elba 725, 728–9
Macon, General Pierre 376
Madrid
El Dos de Mayo revolt against Murat 480, 481
recapture of (1808) 494
Magdeburg 413, 415, 644
surrender of 422
to Westphalia 460–61
Maghrebians 188 and n
Mahmud II, Sultan 572
Maillard, Colonel 37–8
Maingault, Louis 779
Mainz 413, 693
Maitland, Captain Frederick, HMS Bellerophon 775, 776, 777, 778
Malcolm, Admiral Sir Pulteney, St Helena 791
Malcolm, Lady 791
Maleszewski, Colonel 575
Malet, General Claude-François de, attempted coup (1812) 622–3
Malmaison château 207, 468, 473, 537
N at (after Waterloo) 773–4
Malmesbury, Earl of 324
Maloyaroslavets 617
Maloyaroslavets, battle of (1812) 618–19, 620–21
Malta 162, 286
N’s administration 167–8
British control of 297, 323
and Peace of Amiens 307, 308–9
Order of Knights of St John and 308
Mamluks
in Egypt 170–71, 172–3
Gaza City 188
Manhès, General Charles 394
Manin, Doge Ludovico, Venice 139
Manning, Dr Thomas, visitor to St Helena 791–2
Mantua 98
siege of 100–101, 108–9, 110, 114–16, 118, 123, 125–6
fall of 128–9
maps 412
Poland 426
Spain 474
Marbeuf, Comte de 5, 6, 9, 10
Marbot, Jean-Baptiste de 206
Austerlitz 388, 389
Eylau 442
Marchand, General Jean-Gabriel, Friedland 454
Marchand, Louis, valet 730, 800–801, 802, 809
St Helena 779
Marengo, battle of (1800) 259, 260–61, 262–9
campaign 250–59, 254–5
analysis 267–9
visit to battlefield (1805) 362
Marescot, General Armand de 485
Maret, Hugues-Bernard, foreign minister 209, 566, 567, 808
and abdication 715–16, 718
and support for N’s return 729, 741
and N’s second abdication 774
Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily 358, 394, 460–61n
Maria Feodorovna, Dowager Empress of Russia 458, 460n
María Luisa of Parma, Queen of Spain, and Godoy 475, 480
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France 38–9, 41
Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria 533, 665
marriage to N 539–43
birth of son 564–5
at Dresden 574–5
and Malet’s attempted coup (1812) 623
provision for regency of 640
character 704
Joseph and 706
flight from Paris (1814) 709
provisions for after abdication 714–15
moves to Vienna 715
affair with Neipperg 724–5, 741
and N’s return (1815) 740–41
refusal to leave Vienna (1815) 747
on N in exile 780–81, 799–800 and n
marriage to Comte de Bombelles 807
marriage to Neipperg 807
Markov, Count, Russian ambassador 321
Marmont, Marshal Auguste de 25, 89–90, 344, 345, 744, 808
as aide-de camp to N 47
in Egypt 163, 200
and training for invasion of England 357–8
Austerlitz 380
Wagram 519
Znaïm 526
in Spain 566
Salamanca 599–600
Lützen 646, 647
Bautzen 652
Dresden 669
at Töplitz 672
Leipzig 677, 680, 682
and Lâon 705
and capitulation of Paris 709, 711–12
Marshals of France
appointment of 344–5
declared for N (1815) 743
Martín Diez, Juan 482
Masséna, Marshal André 53, 75, 344, 345
in Italy (1796) 75, 89, 91, 109–10, 111, 115–16, 119–20
and pillaging 85n
Castiglione 113
at Rivoli 126–7
besieged in Genoa 249, 252, 256–7
conquest of Naples 394
in Germany 502
at Landshut 503, 507
Aspern 514, 515
Wagram 522, 524
created prince 531
and N (1815) 743
Mathis, Baroness Christine de 535
Mattei, Cardinal Alessandro, papal negotiator 129
Mauduit, Sergeant Hippolyte de 758
Maximilian-Joseph IV (Maximilian I), Elector (King) of Bavaria 366–7, 394–5
Mazis, Alexandre de 35
Meaux, Allied armies at 702
Mecklenburg 644
medals, commemorative 120, 131
Marengo 268
for invasion of England 328
for Austerlitz 393–4
Medina del Rioseco, battle of (1808) 485
Megrigny, Baron 719
Mehée de la Touche, Jean-Claude-Hippolyte, spy 332
Melas, General Michael von 249, 251, 256, 257, 258–9
Marengo 259, 265
Melbourne, Lord 310
Mellini, Rosa, companion to Letizia Bonaparte 806
Melzi d’Eril, Francesco 95, 257, 306, 362
Méneval, Claude-François de, private secretary 17, 471, 472–3, 779, 809
memoirs xxxv
on Russia 563
Menil, Colonel Baron Paul-Alexis de 773
Menou, General Jacques-François 64, 174
in Egypt 163, 201, 203, 297
Merlin de Douai, Philippe, member of Directory 147, 209
Merveldt, General Count Maximilian von 141, 680
metric system 279
Metternich, Prince Klemens von 4, 320, 500–501
on Josephine 70
first meeting with N 410–411
and Talleyrand 500
and Treaty of Schönbrunn (1809) 533
on Russian campaign 570
meetings with N at Dresden 574, 657–9
and Russia 616
proposal for peace settlement 640
N’s view of 652
and Prague peace conference (1813) 655, 659–60, 661
and Austria in Sixth Coalition 663
and Frankfurt peace terms (1813) 686
N’s request for armistice (1814) 691
and Holy Alliance 805
Meynier, General Jean-Baptiste 75
Michaud, General 701
Milan 89–90, 91
N’s triumphal entry (1796) 95–6, 98
N and Josephine in 116
N at (1800) 257–8
N crowned in 361
Milhaud, General, Eylau 442
Millesimo, battle of (1796) 83–4, 86
Miloradovich, General, at Borisov 629
Minsk 585
captured by Davout 588
Miollis, General Sextius 529
Miot de Melito, André-François
French minister to Tuscany 101, 102, 123
and Berthier 106
and re-occupation of Corsica 124
with N in Milan 143
on Tuileries 299
Mirabeau, Comte de 33
Modena 105
Modena, Duke of 140–41
Molé, Comte Louis-Mathieu 640, 641, 645, 808
as minister of justice 238, 636
on Conseil 283
as finance minister 470
on new recruits (1812) 637
and N’s return (1815) 741
Molitor, General, Wagram 522
Möllendorf, General Joachim von 414
Mollien, Nicolas-François
treasury minister 238, 548, 685–6
and N’s return (1815) 739, 741
Molodechno (Maladzyechna), N’s bulletin from 629–30
Mombello palazzo, Milan, N at 143–4