Dark Genius of Wall Street
Page 39
5. New York World. 23 July 1877.
6. Maury Klein. The Life and Legend of Jay Gould. 157.
7. Frank Lewis Dyer and Thomas Commerford Martin. Edison: His Life and Inventions. New York: Harper Brothers. 1929. 217.
8. Jay Gould to Oliver Ames. 24 and 25 July 1875. Union Pacific Railroad Archives. (Hereafter UP.)
9. Alexandra Villard de Borchgrave and John Cullen. Villard: The Life and Times of an American Titan. New York: Doubleday. 2001. 301.
10. Henry Villard to William J. Endicott. 6 April 1877. Letterbook 16, Private Correspondence. Villard Papers, Baker Library, Harvard Business School. (Hereafter Villard.)
11. United States Pacific Railway Commission, Testimony, Executive Document No. 51. Senate, 50th Congress, 1st Session. 1887. 450.
12. Henry Villard to Fanny Villard. 25 June 1878. Villard.
13. Richard O’Connor. Gould’s Millions. 109.
14. Alexandra Villard de Borchgrave and John Cullen. Villard: The Life and Times of an American Titan. 302.
15. Julius Grodinsky. Jay Gould: His Business Career, 1867–1892. 179.
16. Alexander D. Noyes. Forty Years of American Finance. 127.
17. Robert Riegel. The Story of the Western Railroads. 223.
18. Richard Cleghorn Overton. Burlington Route: A History of the Burlington Lines. New York: Knopf. 1965. 131.
19. Richard Cleghorn Overton. Gulf to Rockies. Houston: University of Texas Press. 1956. 220.
20. New York World. 2 July 1887.
CHAPTER 25: EVERYTHING BUT A GOOD NAME
1. Alice Northrop Snow and Henry Nicholas Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 115.
2. Ibid. 119.
3. Ibid. 118.
4. Maury Klein. The Life and Legend of Jay Gould. 214.
5. New York Times. 8 August 1883.
6. Edwin P. Hoyt. The Goulds: A Social History. 72.
7. Dramatic Mirror. 23 October 1883.
8. In 1900, Nellie Gould donated 230 orchids and palms from Lyndhurst to the new conservatory at the New York Botanical Garden, where descendants of Jay’s collection still reside.
9. Alice Northrop Snow and Henry Nicholas Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 276.
10. Ibid. 282.
11. Giovanni P. Morosini. “Memoir of Jay Gould.” HGS.
12. The best source for details on the architecture and furnishings of 579 Fifth Avenue, now demolished, is the catalog developed for the sale of the home’s furnishings a few years after the death of Nellie Gould. The Entire Contents of 579 Fifth Avenue [The Jay Gould House]. Superb Paintings Including Masters of the Barbizon School. New York: Kendel Galleries at Gimbel Brothers. 1942.
13. Sarah Gould Northrop. “Reminiscences.” HGS.
14. Alice Northrop Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 22. Alice did not acknowledge her father’s suicide in her book, only his death. Confirmation of Northrop’s suicide, however, comes from numerous sources, including the memoirs of Gould’s sisters Sarah and Bettie.
15. Ibid. 37.
16. Jay Gould to Helen “Nellie” Gould. 21 March 1882. HGS.
17. Giovanni P. Morosini. “Memoir of Jay Gould.” HGS.
CHAPTER 26: WIRES AND ELS
1. John Murray Forbes to Fred Ames. 8 September 1880. Burlington Railroad Archives, Newberry Library, Chicago. (Hereafter Burlington.)
2. New York Times. 3 December 1879.
3. New York Stockholder. 20 August 1878.
4. New York Times. 19 February 1875.
5. Maury Klein. The Life and Legend of Jay Gould. 490.
6. The date of incorporation was 15 May 1879.
7. New York Herald. 2 September 1879.
8. New York Herald. 16 February 1881.
9. New York Tribune. 10 March 1881.
10. Richard O’Connor. Gould’s Millions. 132.
11. Edward Bok. The Americanization of Edward Bok. New York: Scribner’s. 1921. 67–68.
12. James McGurrin. Bourke Cockran: A Free Lance in Politics. New York: Scribner’s. 1948. 39–40.
13. New York World. 15 June 1881.
14. Philadelphia North American. 30 June 1881.
15. New York World. 23 September 1881.
16. Richard O’Connor. Gould’s Millions. 141.
17. New York Times. 27 December 1881.
CHAPTER 27: AMBITION SATISFIED
1. Commercial and Financial Chronicle. 25 March 1882.
2. New York Tribune. 7 May 1882.
3. New York Sun. 3 October 1882.
4. New York Times. 8 April 1883.
5. Omaha Herald. 3 February 1884.
6. Alice Northrop Snow and Henry Nicholas Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 320.
7. New York Times. 9 July 1887.
8. New York Times. 8 July 1887.
9. New York Sun. 18 August 1883.
10. Francis Carpenter, ed. Carp’s Washington. New York: McGraw Hill. 1960. 72.
11. Richard O’Connor. Gould’s Millions. 195.
12. “Memphis Under Quarantine Rule.” Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Paper. 20 September 1879.
13. New York Times. 8 July 1890.
14. Alice Northop Snow and Henry Nicholas Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 204–205.
15. Ibid. 354.
16. New York Times. 15 September 1886.
17. Alice Northrop Snow and Henry Nicholas Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 354.
18. New York Times. 30 October 1887.
19. New York Herald. 30 October 1887.
20. Jay Gould’s private railroad car Atalanta is today on display at Jefferson, Texas.
21. New York Times. 11 June 1888.
22. New York Tribune. 24 July 1888.
23. New York World. 17 July 1888. (Reprinted from the Philadelphia Times.)
24. New York Times. 3 August 1888.
25. Alice Northrop Snow and Henry Nicholas Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 169.
26. Helen [Nellie] Gould to Helen [Ellie] Gould. 2 September 1888. HGS.
27. Alice Northrop Snow and Henry Nicholas Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 165.
28. Ibid. 165–166.
29. Charles Francis Adams. “Memorabilia 1888–1893.” 23 December 1888, 13 January 1889, 24 February 1889. Charles Francis Adams Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society. (Hereafter CFA.)
30. Maury Klein. The Life and Legend of Jay Gould. 440.
31. New York World. 14 January 1889.
32. New York World. 10 and 11 February 1889.
33. Maury Klein. The Life and Legend of Jay Gould. 432.
34. New York Herald. 7 November 1890.
35. New York Herald. 9 November 1890.
36. Charles Francis Adams to R. S. Grant. 13 November 1890. UP.
37. Charles Francis Adams. “Memorabilia 1888–1893.” 23 November 1890. CFA.
38. New York World. 27 November 1890.
39. New York Times. 2 October 1891.
40. New York World. 3 October 1891.
41. Charles Francis Adams. Memorabilia 1888–1893. 13 November 1891. CFA.
42. New York World. 5 December 1891.
43. New York World. 27 February 1892.
44. Alice Northrop Snow and Henry Nicholas Snow. The Story of Helen Gould. 193.
45. London Standard. 3 December 1892.
46. London News. 3 December 1892.
47. New York Times. 3 December 1892.
48. New York Herald. 5 December 1892.
EPILOGUE: THE GOULDS AFTER JAY
1. See Abram’s obituary in the Washington County (New York) Post, 30 June 1899. Abram died at the residence of his brother-in-law, Fredeick Kegler, in Salem, N.Y. Today he lies buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Salem, beside his wife, Sophia.
2. The estate is today the campus of Georgian Court College.
3. See George Brodrick’s obituary published in the London Daily Telegraph on 27 February 2004, some two months after his death on 12 December 2003.
4. “Gould Foundation Carries Out Work of Its Founder.” Journals News, Rockland County. 29 September 2
001.
5. Frank Miller Gould’s daughter Marianne married a man named John Wright McDonough, heir to a Texas ironworks. The couple settled in Galveston, Texas, where Marianne had a son in 1947. Marianne’s brother, Edwin Gould III, established the New York investment firm of Edwin Gould & Company. Like his father and grandfather before him, this Edwin spent a great deal of time out-of-doors (hunting and deep-sea fishing) while also focusing his professional energies on sound investments that built his fortune safely.
6. For an amusing portrait of Helen Gould Shepard as a mother, see Celeste Andrews Seton’s affectionately critical memoir entitled Helen Gould Was My Mother-in-Law. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. 1953.
7. Marie Ernest Paul Boniface de Castellane. How I Discovered America. New York: Scribner’s. 1924. 14–15.
8. Frank Jay Gould’s daughter Dorothy married a Swiss baron, Roland Graffenried de Villars, in early 1925. Their marriage ended in divorce but produced two children (Roland, born 1925, and Dorothy, born 1927). During the early 1940s, while visiting Cuba, the elder Dorothy met her second husband, Archibald Burns, a Mexican national born of Scottish parents. She and Burns married in 1944 and settled in Mexico City, where she died in 1969. Dorothy’s daughter wed Alexandre Borgia in 1947; the marriage ended in divorce without issue. Nothing is known of the son Roland. As well, nothing more is known of Frank’s other daughter, Helen, except that she married into the Marat family of France and lived in Lausanne, Switzerland, at the time of her father’s death.
INDEX
A&GW (Atlantic & Great Western Railway)
Erie's link with
McHenry manipulates Erie stock
McHenry vs. Gould
in receivership
A&P (Atlantic & Pacific) wire
A&S (Albany & Susquehanna) Railroad
Academy of Music
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr.
1887 Interstate Commerce Act and
controls UP in 1884
loses control of UP in 1890
Pacific Railroad Ring and
Adams, Henry
Albany & Susquehanna (A&S) Railroad
Albany Academy
Albany County survey
Alley, John B.
American Refrigerator Transit
American Telegraph & Cable Company
American Union
The Americanization of Edward Bok (Bok)
Ames, Frederick
Ames, Oakes
joins board of Pacific Mail
UP Railroad and
view of Gould
Ames, Oliver
Archer, O.H.P.
Atalanta steamship
Atkins, Elisha
Atlantic & Great Western Railway. see A&GW (Atlantic & Great Western Railway)
Atlantic & Pacific (A&P) wire
Automatic Telegraph Company
B&O (Baltimore & Ohio)
Balcom, Judge Ransom
Bardwell House Hotel
Baring Brothers
Barlow, Francis Channing
Barnard, Judge George C.
A&S Railroad war
Erie's British shareholders and
first Erie War
Gould allies himself with
Gould's bear trap and
impeachment of
Battle of the Little Big Horn
Beach, William A.
Beechwood Seminary
Belden, William
Belmont, August
Bennett, James Gordon, Jr.
BH&E (Boston, Hartford and Erie) Railroad
Big Horn Mountains
Bigelow, John
Bixbey, B. H.
Black Friday
actions against Gould
Capitol Hill testimony
overview of
reputation ruined after
Black Horse Cavalry
Blaine, James G.
Bloomville Mirror
"blue-jays"
Bok, Edwin
Boston, Hartford and Erie (BH&E) Railroad
Bouton, Orrin Rice
Boutwell, George S.
Black Friday
events leading to Black Friday
Gould meets President Grant
US Treasury gold policy and
Bradley, Esther (great-great grandmother)
Brink, Peter
Brodrick, George
Brodrick, George St. Johns
Brodrick, Guinevere
Brodrick, Jane
Bronx Community College
Brooklyn Oil
Brooks, James
Broughman's Theater
Burhans, Edward
disagreement with Gould
Gould demonized about
Gould helps in romance
Gould's employment with
Burhans, Hamilton
Burhans, Maria
Burhans, Mary More
Burlington Route (Overton, Richard C.)
Burr, Aaron, Sr.
Burr, Sarah
Burroughs, John
boyhood friendship with Gould
dropping relationship with Gould
Roxbury and
Burt, Joseph L.
Butterfield, Daniel
as assistant federal treasurer
Black Friday and
Gould's no-margin gold account for
Buttonwood Agreement
Calico Indians
California Gold Rush
Camp Woody Crest
Canadensis
Cardozo, Judge Albert
Carpenter, Frank
Carr, Robert E.
Castellane, Boni, Jr.
Castellane, Elizabeth
Castellane, Ernest Paul Boniface "Boni" de
Castellane, Yvonne (Patenotre)
Castle Erie
Castle Gould
Catherwood, Robert B.
Catskills
Cavanagh's Restaurant
Central Branch Line
Central Construction Company
Central Pacific
Champion, Simon D.
Champlin, John
Chapin, W. O.
Chapters of Erie (Adams)
Charles M. Leupp & Company. see Leupp, Charles M.
Cherokee Cottage
Chicago & Northwestern Railroad
Chicago Fire
The Chronological Biography of the Hon. Zaddock Pratt
Church, Walter S.
Civil War
Erie helped by
gold prices following
Gould's feelings on
James Fisk and
profiteers in
Vanderbilt's railroad strategy
Wall Street and
Western Union and
Clark, Horace F.
Clark, Silas H.H.
Classification Act
Clemmons, Viola Kathrine
Clerke, T. W.
Clews, Henry
Cockran, W. Bourke
Colfax, Schuyler
Colorado Central Line
Commercial and Financial Chronicle
on Erie bonds
on Erie settlement
on Gould's money market manipulations
on success of Erie manipulation
Connor, Washington
Convoy railroad car
Cook, William F.
Corbin, Abel Rathbone
economic policy influenced by
gold market exit of
Gould bribes
Grant meets Gould through
Grant sees self-interest of
Corbin, Mary Ann
Corbin, Virginia Paine (Grant)
Corse & Pratt
Courter, Charles
Credit Mobilier of America
Cropsey, Jasper
Crosby, Abel
Crouch, George
Dark Shadows
Dater & Company
Davies, Judge Henry E.
Davis, Andrew Jackson
Davis, Noah
De Borchgrave, Alexandra
Villard
Delaware & Hudson Canal Company
Delaware & Lackawanna Railroad
Delaware County survey
Delevan House Hotel
Democratic Party
Denver Pacific Line
Depew, Chauncey
Develin, John E.
Dexter, Gordon
Dickerman, Beda
Dickerman, Esther
Dillon, John F.
Dillon, Sidney
as board member of Pacific Mail
buying and converting UP bonds
death of
as president of UP
relationship with Gould
Dix, John A.
Dominion Telegraph of Canada
down-renters
Drew, Daniel
Erie stock manipulation
Erie stock manipulation and demise of
feelings about Gould
Northwestern Railroad and
puritanical values of
unscrupulous reputation of
Vanderbilt vs.
Drexel, Anthony
Drexel, Marjorie (Gould)
Du Bois, J.A.
Duncan, William Butler
Durant, Thomas Clark
Dutcher, John B.
Eaton, D. B.
Eckert, Thomas T.
Edison, Thomas A.
Edwin Gould Foundation
Erie Bill
Erie Railroad
A&S war
adding ferryboats
background of
BH&E and
British suit against
Drew ousted and reinstated
Duane and West office
Erie Bill
executive board fights against Vanderbilt
executive board uses law against Vanderbilt
framing British and Wall Street shareholders
framing British shareholders
Gould settles all claims against him
Grand Opera House offices
near-bankruptcy of
Northwestern Railroad strategy
Vanderbilt tries to corner shares
Vanderbilt/Eldridge compete for control
Eldridge, John
competing for control of Erie
Erie agenda of
as Erie president
Vanderbilt and Drew settlement
elevated railroads
Empire State survey bill
Evarts, William M.
background of
running for U.S. senator
settling Leupp estate
Everett House Hotel
ferryboat business
Field Codes
Field, Cyrus
attempt to control Manhattan Elevated