God’s Traitors: Terror & Faith in Elizabethan England
Page 52
Gilbey, Peter Hubert Gordon (Fr Gabriel), 9th Baron Vaux 364
Globe Theatre, London 3, 239, 241, 263
Glorious Revolution, 1688–9 24, 363
Golden Lane, Clerkenwell 209
Grace Dieu, Leicestershire 19–20
Grant, Dorothy 283, 305
Grant, John 283, 286–7, 293, 294, 300
Great Ashby, Leicestershire 139, 155n, 165, 166, 185, 271, 351
Greenstreet House, East Ham 66–7
Gregory XIII, Pope xix, 54, 57, 68, 90
Gregory, Arthur 337n
Griffin, Hugh 352
Grissold, John, alias James Johnson 167, 219, 279, 300, 301, 330n
Grissold, Robert 279
Guildford, Jane, Lady 9, 9n
Guise, Henri, Duke of xviii, 90, 95, 96, 106, 111
Gunpowder Plot, 1605 xvii, xviii, xix, 149–50, 155, 229, 240, 269n, 271–355; pilgrimage to St Winifred’s Well, Wales, 1605, and 1, 2, 286–9, 291, 293, 306, 319, 320, 323, 336, 342; interrogation of Anne Vaux 1–2, 341–3; Catesby’s background and 271–3; accession of James I and 273–9; Catesby’s attempt to discover Spanish policy concerning England and 280–1; Fawkes in Spain 280–1; Fawkes arrives in London 281–2; plan hatched, 1604 281–3; plotters take an oath of secrecy, then receive communion from Gerard, 1604 281–2, 306, 323; delays to 283; meeting, August 1605, gives go-ahead for Catesby to recruit more men and money for 283; kinship ties of plotters 283–4; character of plotters 284, 294; Midlands and 283–4, 285, 306; Eliza Vaux’s letter to Agnes Wenman (Pray, for Tottenham may turn French) and 265–6, 267, 285, 286, 294, 301–5, 307, 313, 315; Catesby uses war in Flanders as front for martial preparations 286, 290, 294; Catesby posits hypothetical question on ‘killing innocents’ to Garnet, June 1605 289–91; Garnet sends Sir Edmund Baynham to seek advice of papacy on 292–3, 323; Tesimond informs Garnet of ‘all the matter’ of 292; Anne Vaux’s foreknowledge of 294–5; Catesby and Wintour attempt to recruit Francis Tresham to 295–7; Garnet’s stay at Coughton Court and 296–7; plot discovered 298–300; search for conspirators 299–307, 308–13; last stand of conspirators at Holbeach House 300; search of White Webbs 300–1 see also White Webbs; suspicion falls on Eliza Vaux 301–7 see also Vaux, Eliza; Fawkes reveals Gerard’s link to plotters 306–7, 323; Harrowden Hall searched 308–13; Eliza Vaux questioned on 13–20; Eliza Vaux committed to care of Swynnerton 315–20; fate of wives and kinswomen of plotters 315–20; Gerard flees England 318, 320, 349–50; trial of plotters 321–4, 328; Hindlip raid and capture of Garnet 324–8; imprisonment of Garnet 329–38, 341; trial of Garnet 344–6, 347; execution of Garnet 349–51
Habington, Dorothy 187
Habington, Mary 324, 325, 326, 329, 341
Habington, Thomas 324, 325, 326, 327
Habington, William 324
Hackney xix, xx, 92, 99, 100, 104, 105, 112–24, 128, 129, 131, 137–8, 146, 187, 204, 223, 224, 228
Harington, Sir John 4, 275, 278
Harrington, William 104
Harris, Thomas 111, 111n
Harrowden Hall xvii, xviii, 5, 14, 218; priests harboured at see under individual priest name; Vaux family established at 10; chantry 15; private chapel 31, 65, 177, 258, 258n, 259, 356; Lord Vaux defends as ‘a parish by itself’ 64–5, 75, 123; set of vestments at 175, 258–9; present-day 223, 253, 258n; Lord Vaux moves out of 230; Tresham quarrels with Eliza Vaux over ‘a petty portion of winter grass’ on estate of 230; Eliza Vaux returns to and builds extension, 1599 258; library 258; James I stays at, 1605 285, 286; hunt for Gunpowder Plot conspirators and 301–2, 307, 308–12; raided, 1611 356–7; sold, 1694 363
Harsnett, Samuel 118–19, 120, 120n, 121, 121n, 122, 130, 187; Declaration of Egregious Popish Impostures 118–21, 263
Hart, Nicholas, S.J. 357
Harvington Hall, Worcestershire 5, 179, 324
Hastings, Francis 43, 44, 47, 73
Hatton, Sir Christopher 89, 90, 257
Hatton, Lady Elizabeth 257
Henri III of France, King 197
Henry VII, King 9
Henry VIII, King xviii, xix, 8, 9, 9n, 10, 11, 14–15, 22–3, 225, 266
Henry, Prince of Wales (son of James I) 282
Heywood, Jasper, S.J. 91, 149
Heywood, John 266
Hill, James 101
Hindlip, Worcestershire xviii, 187, 324–8, 341, 349
Hobbes, Thomas 159
Hoby, Sir Edward 316
Holbeach House, Staffordshire 300, 327n
Hollis, William 100
Holt, William 208
Holtby, Richard, S.J. 354
Hooper, John, Bishop of Gloucester 16, 79
House of Lords 10–11, 21–2, 30–2, 63, 161, 238, 282, 359, 362–3, 364
Hoxton 57, 59, 92, 100–1, 109–11, 135, 136, 138–9, 141, 161, 216, 229–30, 273, 298
Huddington Court, Worcestershire 293, 300, 323
Huddlestone, Dorothy 299, 315
Huddlestone, Henry 299, 303–4, 304n, 306, 307, 309, 313
Hunt, Thomas, alias Benstead 188–9
Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of 43
Hurleyford, Buckinghamshire 136, 178
Hutchinson, William 165, 182
ink, secret 2, 126, 246, 329, 332, 336, 336n, 337
Ireland 4, 25, 26, 54, 60, 70, 160n, 208
Irthlingborough, Northamptonshire 20, 28, 122, 164, 230, 231, 233, 237, 254, 257, 299, 308
Isabella, Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Castile 275
James I, King of England (James VI of Scotland) xviii, xix, 2, 96n, 107, 125, 224, 238, 267n, 271, 275–9, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 291, 298–9, 320, 322, 323, 356, 359, 360, 361n
Jesuits see Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Johnson, Robert 93, 94
Jonson, Ben 118, 182n, 205n, 334
Kellison, Matthew 256
Kellison, Valentine 100, 256
Kettering, Northamptonshire 38, 39, 152, 227, 257, 309, 310, 359
Keyes, Robert 282, 285
Killinghall, Henry 260
Kirby Hall, Northamptonshire 257–62
Kirby, Luke 93, 93n
Knightley, Sir Richard 38, 229–60, 359–61
Knollys, Charles 258n, 362
Knollys, Sir Francis 71, 83, 88
Knollys, William, Earl of Banbury 361–2
Kurde, John 19
Lacy, Mrs Kath 46
Laithwood, John 310–11
Lake, Sir Thomas 299
Lane, William 80–1
Lawson, Dorothy 149, 151, 180
Lee, Roger 257, 261
Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of 8, 25, 37, 73, 83, 84, 104n, 113
‘Leicester’s Commonwealth’ (tract), 1584 104n
Lennox, Esmé Stuart, Duke of 90, 95, 102
Lessius, Leonard, S.J.: The Treasure of Vowed Chastity in Secular Persons 167–8, 211, 339, 340, 355–6
Lillie, John xix, 219, 246, 247, 248–9, 249, 250, 257
Line, Anne 155, 249, 249n
Lister, Thomas, S.J. 189, 213
Loarte, Gaspar, S.J. 48–9, 340n
Lopez, Roderigo 207–8
Lovell, Jane, Lady (sister of Eliza Vaux) 225, 232, 255, 316, 316n
Low Countries 4, 23, 27, 48, 96, 103, 106, 113, 161, 206, 237, 238, 281
Loyola, Ignatius, S.J. (Jesuit founder) 48–9, 53, 151n, 172n, 211, 356, 365
Lyford Grange, Berkshire 5, 60, 68
Mainy, Richard 113, 120n, 121n
Mallory, Simon 46
Manwood, Lord Chief Baron 88
Margaret of Anjou 9
Marian burnings 18–19, 20, 35n, 199
Markham, Anne, Lady 318
Markham, Robert 109
Markham, Sir Griffin 277, 318
Marlowe, Christopher: The Massacre at Paris 208
Marshalsea prison, Southwark 56, 57, 108, 138, 138n, 139
Marwood, Nicholas 112, 113, 123–4, 130
Mary I, Queen 11, 17–19, 21, 22, 23–4, 35n, 52, 77, 79, 162–3, 188n, 207, 228, 260
Mary Queen of Scots
xviii, xix, 4, 23, 27, 33, 34–5, 36, 37, 70, 90, 96, 104n, 106, 107, 125, 126, 127, 128, 228, 250, 275, 276
Mass, Catholic: secret practice of 3, 7, 44, 45, 68, 72, 76, 77, 89, 90, 91, 101n, 104, 114, 128, 136, 138, 155, 156, 177–81, 186, 193–4, 287, 288, 310, 355, 356, 359; Vaux practice of 3, 7, 89, 90, 91, 102, 104, 114, 128, 138, 186, 193–4, 258, 260, 356, 359; under Henry VIII 8, 10; Protestant reformers view of 13, 14; Edward VI ‘purification’ of English church and 16, 16n; return under Mary I 18; abolished under Elizabeth I 21, 40, 50, 236; northern rebels hear at Durham Cathedral, 1569 27; early Christians use Roman catacombs to hear 50; lack of English priests to hear 51; hearing of punishable by fines (Act of Persuasions) 63; English mission granted papal permission to hear 54; equipment needed for 101n, 172n, 175–7, 246; exorcisms and 114; possible locations for 177; raids on secret 177–81, 193–4; in prison 244, 246; gunpowder plotters and 282; nineteenth-century laws concerning 364
Mayne, Cuthbert 52
Mendoza, Bernardino de (Spanish Ambassador in London) xix, 90, 131–2, 273–4
Mercurian, Everard, S.J. (Jesuit General) 54–5, 57, 59, 64
Meredith, John 105
Meredith, Jonas 104–5
Midlands: Catholic houses in xii–xiii, 48; Gunpowder Plot and 282, 283, 284, 285, 296, 299, 300, 306, 307, 309, 322; see also under individual area and place name
Mildmay, Sir Walter xix, 37, 61, 62, 64, 73–4, 76, 77, 83, 84, 87
Miller, Ralph 103–5
Miracle Book 114, 116, 121
Monica’s, St, Louvain 182, 183–4, 238
Moninge, Elizabeth 152
Montagu, Henry 257
Montagu, Elizabeth, Lady 75–6, 78, 80–2, 84, 89, 148
Montagu, Sir Edward 38, 75, 78, 80, 81, 84, 89, 259, 321, 358
Montague, Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount 21, 25, 89, 162
Montague, Anthony Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount 358, 392
Monteagle, William Parker, Baron 272, 280, 291, 298, 299, 309
Moray, James Stuart, Earl of 28
Mordaunt family 38, 285
More, Thomas 8, 171n, 224
Morecrofts, near Uxbridge 218, 250, 271
Morgan, Henry 286, 293–4, 398
Morgan, Mary 286, 293–4, 398
Morgan, Nicholas 96
Morgan, Polidore 96, 97
Morgan, Roland 96
Morgan, Thomas 96, 97
‘Morgan’ (recipient of a Vaux letter) 96
Mulsho, Robert 80
Mulsho, Thomas 257
Netherlands see Low Countries
Neville, Sir Henry 356
Newgate prison, London 202, 341
Nicolson (servant to Lord Vaux/priest) 92–4
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of 266, 368
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of 27, 33–4, 35, 36–7, 267n, 274
North America: proposed Catholic colony in 273–4
Northern rising, 1569 28–9, 32, 34, 70, 250, 346
Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of 266–7, 267n, 303, 315n
Northamptonshire: Vaux family historical ties to 9, 10; religious polarisation of 37–8, 257, 361; royal progress through, 1605 266; Charles I as prisoner in, 1647 361; see also under individual area and place name
Northumberland, Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of 27, 250
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 8th Earl of 128
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 9th Earl of 276, 306
Norton, Dudley 239
Norton, Thomas 31, 72, 83
Norwich, Henry 38–9
O’Connell, Daniel 363
Oates, Titus 363
oath of allegiance 10, 354, 357–8, 358n, 359, 361
Oldcorne, Edward, alias Hall, S.J. xviii, 187, 189, 197, 252, 287, 324, 325, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 338, 348–9
Osborne, Edward 89, 90, 90n, 91
Ousebridge gaol, York 152
Owen, Hugh 271
Owen, Nicholas (‘Little John’) xix, 177, 179, 180, 186, 209, 210, 250, 257, 258, 293, 324, 325, 326–7, 328, 331, 333, 349
Oxford University 7, 8, 23, 25, 26, 67, 70, 80, 109n, 114, 228, 255, 260
Page, Francis, S.J. 172n, 252–3
Palmer, John 129
papacy 356, 360; Elizabeth I excommunication and (Regnans in Excelsis papal bull) xix, 4, 28–30, 29n, 47, 54, 109, 346; problem of dual allegiance to monarch and 4, 8–9, 86, 335–6; Thomas More refuses to renounce spiritual primacy of 8; primacy overthrown in England 13; Pope as Antichrist 13; supremacy in England restored under Mary I 18; Vatican archives 24, 33–4; ‘An Act against the bringing in and putting in execution of Bulls and other Instruments from the See of Rome’ and 30; involvement in Ridolfi Plot, 1571 33, 70; ‘St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre’ and 36; Society of Jesus and 53 see also Society of Jesus; English Catholic priests receive subsidies from 52; Jesuit mission into England and 56–7, 61; involvement in northern uprising, 1569 73; involvement in insurrection in Ireland 70; involvement in 1576 plot to send Don John of Austria into England 70; Papal–Spanish plan for invasion of Scotland and 90; Throckmorton Plot and 96; Allen informs on a number of English Catholics 102–3; ‘bloody question’ and 103; attempt to appoint an archpriest, 1598 149, 213, 213n, 277, 335; declares Mary Ward ‘Venerable’ 150n; Armada, 1588, and 156; ban on stirs 281, 290, 291, 292, 335, 336; Gunpowder Plot and 281, 290, 292–3, 321n, 325, 332, 335–6, 347; first state visit of Pope to United Kingdom 364; first Jesuit Pope 364; see also under individual pope name
Parker, John 100
Parliament: Henry VII’s first 9; Vaux family attendance see under individual family member name; oath of supremacy bill 21–2, 23, 25; ‘Act Against Fugitives over the Sea’, 1571 30; bill ‘for coming to the church, and receiving the Communion’, 1571 30–2, 62; 1572 meeting 35, 36, 37; 1576 meeting 37; ‘An Act against the bringing in and putting in execution of Bulls and other instruments from the See of Rome’ and 30; Act of Uniformity, 1558 47; 1581 meeting 62, 63–4; ‘Act of Persuasions’ (‘An Act to retain the Queen Majesty’s Subjects in their due Obedience’) 62–3, 62n 69, 92; ‘The Act for the Queen’s Surety’, 1585 107, 125; bill ‘against Jesuits, Seminary Priests and such other like disobedient persons’, 1585 107–10, 345–6; Act ‘for the more speedy and due execution’ of the penal legislation, 1587 140; 1593 meeting 152–3, 161, 255; attempts to make husband pay for nonconformity of recusant wife, 1593 152–3; ‘statute of confinement’, 1593 164, 206; bill for the seizure of the children of recusant parents dropped, 1593 255; Gunpowder Plot and 274, 282, 283–4, 285, 298, 304, 322n; bill confirming all Elizabethan penal legislation, 1604 278; test acts 363; Bill of Rights, 1689 363; Act of Settlement, 1701 363; Catholic Relief Act, 1829 363; Catholics allowed to sit in and vote 363; see also House of Commons and House of Lords
Parma, Alexander Farnese, Duke of 96, 106, 158, 159, 163, 323
Parry, William 106
Paul V, Pope 293, 321n, 335
Paulet, Sir Amyas 125, 126
Peckham, Sir George 273
Percy, John, S.J. 257, 258, 260, 261, 263, 281, 293, 294, 356, 357
Percy, Martha 315
Percy, Thomas 276, 277, 281, 282, 293, 299, 300, 307
Persons, Christina 71, 189, 209
Persons, Robert, S.J. 65, 102, 207, 323, 340; launches Jesuit mission (with Campion) into England, 1580 xviii, 53–6, 57, 58, 59–60, 65, 66, 67–8, 71, 74, 76, 93, 105; on Campion’s conversion to Catholicism 25–6; George Gilbert and 52–3, 65–6; character of 55; Synod of Southwark and 56–7; short statement defending English mission 57–8, 59; secret printing press and 66–7, 117; engagement in matters of state 69; flees to France after Campion’s arrest 71; affected by death of Campion 71; Lord Vaux questioned on links with 76; claims Tresham and Catesby as early converts 76n; planned Papal–Scottish invasion of Scotland and 90, 95; in Rouen 95, 102, 104n, 117, 138; on Henry Vaux 111, 139; Garnet/Southwell mission and 134; casuist text produced under supervision of, early 1580s 180; mother stays with Eleanor Brooksby and Anne Vaux 71, 189, 207; ‘Philopater’ 1
98n; Watson and 213; on Copley 238; on proposed Catholic colony in North America 274; accession of James I and 275, 276; Gunpowder Plot and 323; Griffith Floyd and 339
Phelippes, Thomas xx, 126, 127
Philip II, King of Spain xix, 23, 28, 29, 34, 36, 37, 93, 99, 100, 109, 131, 132, 140, 141, 156–7, 159, 162, 164, 198n, 206, 217
Philip III, King of Spain 217, 280–1
Pibush, John 188, 189
Pickering, Gilbert 357, 359
Pickering, Lewis 276
Pius V, Pope xix, 4, 28–30, 54
plague 12, 135, 141, 205, 217, 283, 351, 353, 354, 355, 361n
Pole, Reginald, Cardinal 18, 52
Popham, John, Lord Chief Justice 83, 301, 306, 332–3
Popish Plot, 1678–81 363
Pormont, Thomas 200–1
Pounde, Thomas 56, 57, 58, 72, 83
press, secret printing 40, 48, 51–4, 66–7, 89, 95, 104n
priest-holes xix, 6, 101, 148, 166, 178, 179, 187, 189, 209, 223, 257–8, 261, 331
private chapels, worship in 22, 31, 32, 63, 65, 177, 258, 258n, 259
puritans 37, 38, 40, 43, 46, 52, 57, 60, 118, 159, 257, 259, 276, 296n, 299, 305, 312, 316, 359, 360, 361
pursuivants 53, 59, 90, 100, 105, 114, 116–17, 137, 138, 146, 151, 152, 177, 177n, 178, 180, 183, 192–6, 197, 198, 199, 205, 209, 225, 237, 257, 258, 285, 324, 327, 355, 356
Ralegh, Sir Walter 278
recusants: Vaux family as 3, 5, 11, 12, 22, 46, 63–5, 75, 123 see also under individual family member name; fines for 4, 22, 45, 63, 63n, 87, 88, 91, 92, 99, 129, 140, 149, 153, 235, 273, 277, 278–9, 356, 363; concealment of papers 5; number of 6, 61, 62; clemency towards in early years of Elizabeth I’s reign 22–3, 28, 32, 61, 62–3, 64, 275; with puritan neighbours 32–3; ‘Act of Persuasions’ and 62–3; Catholic Church insistence on absolute recusancy and 57, 61; schoolmasters as 63, 64; crackdown in London, 1584 105, 209; reaction to bill ‘against Jesuits, Seminary Priests and such other like disobedient Persons’, 1585 107–8, 109–10; closing of ranks of 123; Act ‘for the more speedy and due execution’ of the penal legislation makes fines cumulative and allows Crown to seize two-thirds of a recusant’s estate, 1587 140, 235; women as 148–55, 167–8, 170; invasion threats and 159–60; ‘statute of confinement’ (forbids recusants from travelling beyond five miles of their home without a licence) 164–5, 206, 226n, 235, 236; conditions of in north of England 206; indirect consequences of being a recusant 235–43; James I and 275, 277, 278–9, 354