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Index
Abecedarian Project, 406-409, 574
Abuse: see Child abuse and neglect
Achievement tests, black and white differences in IQ and, 290-293, 554-556, 562-567, 662-664
Adams, John, 531
Adoption, 309-311, 410-413
Affirmative action
in higher education, 36, 447-477
admissions policy and, 458-468
black dropout rates and, 473-474
costs of, 470-475
ethnic premium for, 449-458
graduate schools in arts and sciences, 457-458
impact of, 469-470, 574-575
law schools, 455-456
medical schools, 456-457
policy options for, 475-477, 574-575
racial animosity and, 473
rationale for, 458-468
undergraduate schools, 451-455
in the workplace, 479-507
employment tests and, 481-484, 502, 679-687
federal regulation of, 481-483, 485-491, 679-687
impact of, 485-492
job productivity and, 492-498
policy options for, 498-508, 574-575
race norming and, 503-504
Affluent class
coalition with cognitive elite, 514-518, 569
economic growth and, 516-517
elite college attendance by, 41-42
senior business executives and, 58
African Americans: see Black and white differences; Blacks
African IQ, 565-566
Age
heritability of IQ and, 108
at marriage, 169-171
of mother
dysgenesis and, 351-352, 354-355
low-birth-weight infants and, 216-217
as predictor of job productivity, 81
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 191-193; See also Welfare dependency
Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody (1975), 684, 687
American College Testing (ACT) examination, 291, 294, 664-665
American Enterprise Institute (AEI), 553
Annual family income: see Income
Aristotle, 255, 531
Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), 73-74, 120, 277-278, 603-616, 667-668
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), 75-76
Asian-American(s)
immigrants, 359-360
reverse discrimination and, 453
and white differences
in IQ, 272-276, 299-301
in test scores, affirmative action and, 451-453, 455, 456, 458
Assortative mating, 110-113
Attacks on The Bell Curve, 556-574
Bean, Frank, 347
Bell curve, 572, 574, 580-582
Bender, William J., 29, 41
Benton, David, 392
Besharov, Douglas, 208
Bias: see Test bias
Binet, Alfred, 2
Bishop, John, 421-422, 437-438
Black(s)
differences with whites: see Black and white differences
dropout rates of, 473-474
immigrants, 359, 360, 363
Black and white differences
in aptitude test scores
affirmative action and, 451-458
narrowing gap in SATs, 292, 294-295, 662-664
in educational attainment, 319-320
in fertility, 352-357
in income, 322-327
on indicators of social problems
cognitive outcomes for children, 337-338
crime, 338-339
developmental outcomes for children, 336-337
home environment for children, 334-336
illegitimacy, 330-331
labor force dropouts, 327-328
low-birth-weight infants, 332-334
marriage rates, 329, 330
poverty, 326-327, 333-334
unemployment, 327-329
welfare dependency, 331-332
in IQ, 276-295, 562-566
affirmative action and: see Affirmative action
African-Americans compared with African blacks, 289-290, 565-566
computation of, 278
diminishing trend in, 290-295, 661-666
dropout rates and, 474
genetic explanation of: see Genetic factors in IQ
magnitude of, 276, 277-280
socioeconomic status and, 286-288
standardized tests and, 276
test bias and: see Test bias
uncertainty within scientific community about, 295-296
in Middle-Class Values Index, 339-340
in occupational status, 320-322
Blackburn, McKinley, 97
“Black English,” 660
Bok, Derek, 66, 80
Borjas, George, 361-364
Boykin, Wade, 306
Brigham, Carl C., 5, 6
Broken homes
crime and, 249-250
illegitimacy and, 184-186
Brown University, 43, 453
Browne, Malcolm, 553
Burger, Warren, 682
Burt, Cyril, 11, 12, 16
California Psychological Inventory, 7
Cameron, Steve, 147-148, 151
Carroll, John B., 16, 559
Case, Clifford, 683
Cattell, Raymond, 15, 345-346, 366
Centiles. See Percentiles.
Chan, J. W. C., 273
Child abuse and neglect
parental IQ and, 211-213
socioeconomic status and, 207-210
Child development
behavioral problems in older children, 226-227, 383
ethnic differences in, 336-337
home environment for: see Home environment for child development
index of problems, 227-229
low-IQ prevalence among mothers and, 382-384
motor and social development, 226, 383
poverty and, 229-230
temperament, 226, 383
welfare dependency and, 229
Children; See also Child development; Infants; Parenting
adoption of, 309-311, 410-413
development of civility in, 256-258
impact of cognitive stratification on, 519-520
raising IQ of: see IQ: raising
of single mothers: see Single mothers
Cigarette smoking, 214
Citizenship: see Civility
Civility, 253-266, 574
defined, 254
IQ and, 567
Middle-Class Values Index and, 263-266, 339-340
political participation as outcropping of: see Political participation
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 394, 482, 485-487, 490, 491, 679-681
Civil Rights Act of 1991, 482, 504, 687
Civil Service Commission, 684
Coaching for test, 400-402, 657-659
Cognitive ability, use of term, 22; See also Intelligence; IQ
Cognitive classes and social problems, 117-266
definition of cognitive classes, 120-122
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and, 118-120, 124
presentation of statistical results, 122-126, 617-647
specific problems: see Civility; Crime; Family matters, Labor force dropouts; Physical disability; Poverty; School dropouts; Unemployment; Welfare dependency
Cognitive elite, 25-115, 575
assortative mating and, 110-113
characterization of, 509-511
coalitions with affluent, 514-518
custodial state scenario and, 523-526
educational stratification: see Educational stratification
heritability of IQ and, 105-110, 554
isolation within, 512-513
job productivity: see Job productivity
meritocracy and, 511-512
occupational stratification: see Occupational stratification
physical separation of, 101-105
rules generated by, 541-546
white underclass and, 521
Cognitive stratification, 25-27; See also Cognitive classes and social behavior; Cognitive elite
impact of, 509-526
benefits, 511-512
on children, 519-520
coalitions of cognitive elite and the affluent, 514-518
emerging white underclass, 520-521
isolation within cognitive elite, 512-513
spatial concentration, low cognitive ability, and underclass behavior, 522
Coleman, James S., 394-396
Coleman report, 275, 394-396
College admission requirements, 41, 431, 439
College Board Achievement Tests, 662-664
College enrollment
affirmative action and: see Affirmative action: in higher education
in elite colleges, 37-39, 112
feminist movement and, 112
growth of, 30-32
probability of, 32-35
College grades
cognitive test scores as predictors of, 471-472
as predictor of job productivity, 81
College graduates
divorce probability and, 175-176
educational stratification and, 30-32, 35-36, 45-50
ethnic differences and, 319-320
fertility of, 349-350, 353-354
illegitimacy and, 184
income stratification and, 94, 95
low-birth-weight infants and, 217
marriage probability and, 172
occupational stratification and, 59, 60, 64-65
parenting and
cognitive outcomes, 232
developmental problems, 229
home environment for child development, 225
poverty throughout childhood, 220
poverty and, 135-136, 220
socioeconomic status and, 151-153
unemployment and, 164-166
voting behavior and, 259
welfare dependency and, 196, 198-199, 201
Colleges, elite, 37-43, 47-50, 112, 451-457
Collins, Marva, 399
Compensatory education, 398-399
Competitive fairness, 512-513
Consortium for Longitudinal Studies, 405-406
Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE), 451
Cook, Philip, 42-43
Correlation coefficient, 2-3, 67-69, 585-588
Credentialing, 64-65, 69, 325-327, 445, 474, 503, 542
Crime, 235-251, 567
broken homes vs. IQ and, 249-250, 572
educational attainment and, 250-251
history of study of link between IQ and, 241-242
importance of link between IQ and, 241-242
incarceration, 247-250, 365, 367
increase in, 236-237
low-IQ prevalence and, 375-376, 567, 568, 572
psychological theories of, 237-241, 245
self-report data, 245-250
socioeconomic status, vs. IQ and, 248-250, 567
sociological theories of, 237-241
types of criminal involvement by IQ, 246-248
Crystallized intelligence, 15
Cultural bias: see Test bias
Cultural content of test items, 281-282
Cultural explanations of ethnic differences in IQ, 304-307
Custodial state, 523-526
Darwin, Charles, 1, 343
Demographic transition, 343-345
Demography of intelligence: see Dysgenesis
Dependent variable, 122, 570
Development, child: see Child development
Digit span test, 283, 306
Disability, 161-163, 365, 367
Disciplining of children, 205-206
“Disparate im
pact” in antidiscrimination law, 482, 681-686
Divorce
by cognitive class, 173-174
educational attainment and, 175-176
intergenerational transmission of, 176-177
low-cognitive-ability prevalence and, 379-380, 567
single mothers and poverty among children, 137-141
socioeconomic status vs. IQ and, 174-175
Dropouts: see Labor force dropouts; School dropouts