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The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life

Page 103

by Richard J. Herrnstein


  U.S.-born, 668

  welfare dependency of, 331-332

  Law school, affirmative action and, 455-456

  Law School Aptitude Test (LSAT), 450, 455-456, 657-658

  Lazar, Irving, 405

  Ledeen, Michael, 553

  Lewontin, Richard, 304

  Lindzey, G., 310

  Lippmann, Walter, 5, 17-18

  L.L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory, 559

  Locke, John, 529-530

  Locurto, Charles, 408, 411

  Loehlin, J. C., 310

  Logistic regression analysis, 122-126, 570, 591, 617-647, 669-677

  Low-birth-weight infants

  child maltreatment and, 210

  ethnic differences in, 332, 333

  low-IQ prevalence and, 381-382, 573

  maternal IQ and, 214-217

  Lynn, Richard, 272-274, 289, 359, 565, 566

  Madison, James, 531, 532

  Maguire, Timothy, 450, 455

  Malinowski, Bronislaw, 177

  Malparenting, 207-210

  parental IQ and, 211-213

  socioeconomic status and, 207-210

  Mare, Robert, 111

  Marriage, 168-172; See also Divorce

  age at, 169-171

  assortive mating, 110-113

  rates of

  educational attainment and, 171-172

  ethnic differences in, 329, 330

  IQ and, 169-172

  socioeconomic status and, 170-172

  trends in, 168-169

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 43, 454, 473-475

  Math skills, 422-423, 425-429, 431-433

  Mating, assortative, 110-113

  McGurk, Frank, 655

  Media, 562

  Median overlap, 48-49

  Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), 456, 457, 657-658

  Medical schools, affirmative action and, 456-457

  Mental retardation, intensive interventions for children at risk of, 406-409

  Mercer, Jane, 304-306

  Meritocracy, 511-512

  Messick, Samuel, 401

  Meta-analysis, 71-73

  Middle-Class Values (MCV) Index, 263-266, 339-340, 385

  Military jobs, 73-77, 80

  Mills, C. Wright, 58

  Milwaukee Project, 408-409, 574

  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), 7

  Multicollinearity, 124

  Multiculturalism in curriculum, 433

  Multiple intelligence, theory of, 17-21

  Multiple regression analysis, 569, 590-591

  Murchison, Carl, 241

  Murray, Charles, 556, 574

  Murphy, Kevin, 94

  National Academy of Sciences, 74

  National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 290-291, 292, 294, 420, 422

  National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), description of, 36, 49, 56, 98, 113, 118-120, 124, 347, 567, 593-601, 667-668

  Neglect: see Child abuse and neglect

  Neighborhoods, 537-540

  Neuman, Russell, 261-262

  Neumark, David, 97

  Nie, Norman, 259, 260

  Nisbett, Richard, 572-573

  Normal distribution, 44, 580-582

  Novak, Michael, 555-556, 572

  Nutrition, 391-393, 407, 414, 514

  Occupational status

  affirmative action and, 485-486, 488-492

  ethnic differences in, 320-322

  IQ and, 571

  voting behavior and, 259-260

  Occupational stratification, 51-61

  assortative mating and, 112-113

  business executives and, 57-60

  childhood intelligence and adult outcomes and, 53

  educational attainment and, 52, 57-60, 64

  educational credentials and, 64-65

  family resemblance in status and, 53-54

  growth of high-IQ professions and, 54-57

  income stratification and, 97, 98, 100-101

  Ogbu, John, 307

  Osborn, Frederick, 346

  Out-of-wedlock births: see Illegitimacy

  Owen, Kenneth, 565, 566

  Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 119

  Parenting, 203-233

  abuse and neglect

  parental IQ and, 211-213, 567

  socioeconomic status and, 207-210

  educational attainment and

  cognitive outcomes, 232

  developmental problems and, 229

  home environment for child development, 225

  low-birth-weight infants, 217

  poverty throughout childhood, 220

  “good,” 204-205

  maternal IQ

  child development and: see Child development

  cognitive outcomes and, 230-232, 337-338

  ethnic differences in, 334-338

  low-IQ prevalence, 377-384

  well-being of infants and, 213-218; See also Low-birth-weight infants, 332-333, 334

  poverty and, 137-141

  single mothers: see Single mothers

  socioeconomic status and

  abuse and neglect, 207-210

  cognitive outcomes, 230-232

  developmental problems, 228

  home environment for child development, 222-223

  parenting style, 205-207

  poverty throughout childhood, 218-220

  Partitioning, cognitive: see Cognitive classes and social behavior; Cognitive elite

  Payner, Brook, 485

  Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), 230-231, 337-338, 355

  Pearson, Karl, 2-3, 15

  Peckham, Robert, 11

  Pelton, Leroy, 210

  Percentiles, 582-583

  Perkins, Frances, 192

  Perry Preschool Program, 404-405

  Physical disability, 161-163, 365, 367

  Piaget, Jean, 16

  Pioneer Fund, 564

  Polansky, Norman, 212

  Policy agenda, 527-552

  for affirmative action

  in higher education, 475-477

  in the workplace, 498-508

  demography issues, 548-549

  for education, 435-445

  realism about how federal reforms will work, 439-442

  realism about limits of general improvements, 436-439

  restoring concept of “educated person,” 442-445

  equality as an ideal, 528-535

  income distribution, 547-548

  race and, 554

  raising IQ, 413-416, 572

  rule simplification, 541-552

  “valued places” in society, 535-540

  Political participation, 255-263

  development in children, 256-258

  voting behavior, 258-263

  educational attainment and, 259-261

  IQ and, 261-262

  socioeconomic status and, 258-259

  Postindustrial economy, 575

  Poverty, 127-142, 567

  child abuse and, 209

  educational attainment and, 135-137, 220

  ethnic differences in, 326-327, 333, 334

  history of, 128-129

  low-birth-weight infants and, 216-217

  low-IQ prevalence and, 370-371, 567

  parenting and

  cognitive outcomes, 232

  developmental problems, 229

  throughout early childhood, 218-220, 333-334, 365, 367

  home environment for child development, 223-224

  illegitimacy, 187-190, 567

  low-IQ prevalence, 382-383, 567

  maternal IQ, 138-139, 218-220

  maternal socioeconomic status, 139-141

  welfare: see Welfare dependency

  socioeconomic status and

  vs. IQ, 130-137, 141-142

  of single mothers, 139-140

  Predictive validity: see Validity, test

  Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test (PSAT), 422

  Prenatal care, 214

  Pre-school programs, 40
3-410, 414-415

  Project Intelligence, 410

  Psychometrics, 1-24, 558, 559, 560, 561

  controversies in, 8-14, 560

  history of, 1-14

  schools of, 14-24

  Quay, L. C., 660

  Race, 554, 562-566

  Race norming, 453, 503-504

  Racism, 6, 9-10, 328, 358, 453, 525-526

  Ramey, Craig, 407

  Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), 273, 290, 306, 565, 566

  Rawlsian state, 554

  Reaction time, 283-284, 303

  Ree, Malcolm, 76

  Regression analysis, 568, 569, 589-591, 617-647

  logistic, 591

  cognitive classes and social behavior, 122-126, 617-647

  ethnic inequalities in relation to IQ, 669-677

  multiple, 590-591

  regression coefficients, 569, 589-590

  Regression to the mean, 357

  Reich, Robert, 517, 555

  Retherford, Robert, 169

  Reynolds, Cyril, 302

  Roberts, Gwilym, 392

  Roper Organization, 515

  Rose, Steven, 313

  Rosenstone, Steven, 259

  Rothman, Stanley, 295, 558

  Rushton, J. Philippe, 563-564, 666-667

  Scarr, Sandra, 309-310

  Scatter, diagrams, 584-585

  Schiff, Michel, 411

  Schmidt, Frank, 71

  Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), 11, 12

  bias against blacks and, 280-282

  black and white differences in scores

  affirmative action and, 451-458

  narrowing gap in, 292, 294-295, 662-664

  coaching and, 400-402, 657-659

  conversion into IQ scores, 38-39

  decline in scores

  average high school students and, 422-423

  of college-bound students, 425-427

  verbal, of gifted students, 428-429

  distribution for all high school seniors: 1961, 40

  East Asians and, 301

  elite colleges and, 39-40, 43, 49

  Harvard University: 1952 and 1960, 29

  as predictor of life success, 66, 80

  School dropouts, 143-151, 153-154

  by cognitive class, 146-147

  crime and, 250

  IQ of, 145-146, 567

  low-IQ prevalence and, 371-372

  socioeconomic status vs. IQ and, 147-151

  welfare dependency and, 199

  Schorr, Lisbeth, 574

  Separated mothers: see Single mothers

  Shockley, William, 10

  Silverberg, Eugene, 496, 497

  Single mothers

  divorced: see Divorce

  divorce probabilities of children and, 176

  illegitimacy: see Illegitimacy

  poverty and

  among children, 137-141

  illegitimacy, 187-190

  welfare dependency: see Welfare dependency

  Skinner, B. F., 8

  Snyderman, Mark, 295

  Social problems: see Cognitive classes and social problems; Ethnic differences: on indicators of social problems; Low cognitive ability: social problems and prevalence of

  Socioeconomic status (SES)

  black and white differences and

  in income, 324-325

  in IQ, 286-288

  college graduates and, 151-153

  crime and, 248-250

  divorce probability and, 174-175

  educational attainment: see Educational attainment

  employment problems and, 158-166

  ethnic differences in, 274-275

  illegitimacy and, 182-183, 186, 188-189

  IQ and, 567, 570-572, 668

  low-birth-weight infants and, 215, 216

  marriage and, 112, 172-174

  parenting and, 205-210, 222-223, 229-232, 230-232

  political socialization of children and, 257

  poverty and, 130-137, 139-142, 218-220

  school dropouts and, 147-151

  voting behavior and, 258-259

  welfare dependency and, 195-201

  Socioeconomic stratification

  educational stratification and, 30

  heritability of IQ and, 105-110, 568, 572

  Herrnstein’s syllogism and, 10, 105, 108-110

  residential segregation and, 104-105

  Sowell, Thomas, 363, 430, 555, 556

  Spearman, Charles, 2-4, 14, 15, 559

  Spearman’s hypothesis, 301-304, 655, 660

  Spuhler, J. N., 310

  Standard deviations

  computation of, 579-580

  defined, 44, 581-582

  normal distribution and, 44, 580-582

  Standard scores, 579-580

  Stanford-Binet IQ test, 5, 7, 290, 308

  Statistics, 567-568, 570, 577-591

  correlation coefficient, 2-3, 67-69, 585-588

  dependent variable, 122

  factor analysis, 3-4, 18-19, 704-707

  frequency distributions, 577-579

  independent variable, 122

  median overlap, 48-49

  meta-analysis, 71-73

  normal distribution, 44, 580-582

  regression analysis: see Regression analysis

  regression to the mean, 357

  restriction of range, 68-69

  standard deviations: see Standard deviations

  validity, 72-75, 81, 84-87, 557, 567-572

  Sternberg, Robert, 16, 17

  Stevenson, Harold, 274, 300, 437

  Sutherland, Edwin, 241

  System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA), 304-306

  TALENT, 118-119, 146, 423

  Teacher competency examinations, 493-494

  Terman, Lewis, 5, 7, 57, 162

  Test bias, 12, 280-286, 649-661

  external evidence of, 280-281, 483-484, 649-654

  internal evidence of, 281-282

  item bias, 654-657

  situational

  coaching, 657-659

  examiner bias, 659

  language difficulties, 282, 660, 661

  motivation to try, 282-284

  practice effects, 657-659

  test anxiety, 659

  “uniform background,” 285-286

  Test validity: see Validity, test

  Thurstone, Louis, 15, 539

  Transracial adoption study, 309-310

  Underclass

  attitudes of cognitive elite toward, 521, 523

  custodial state scenario and, 523-526

  spatial concentration and, 522, 524

  white, emerging, 520-521

  Unemployment, 163-165

  educational attainment and, 164-165

  ethnic differences in, 327-329

  low-IQ prevalence and, 374-375, 568, 574

  socioeconomic status vs. IQ and, 163-165

  Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures, 485, 486, 490, 684-686

  University of California at Berkeley, 43, 453-455

  University of Virginia, 453-454

  Validity, test

  correlation of results, 559

  job productivity and, 72-75, 81, 84-87, 560, 682, 684, 685

  test bias and, 280-281, 483-484, 573, 649-654

  Valued places in society, 535-540

  Van Court, Marian, 347

  Variables, 122, 569

  Verba, Sidney, 259, 260

  Verbal skills, 300-301, 422-423, 425-429, 431, 433, 443

  Vernon, Philip, 15, 273, 300-301

  Vincent, Ken, 290

  Vining, Daniel, Jr., 347

  Voss, Harwin, 250

  Voting behavior, 255, 258-263

  educational attainment and, 259-261

  IQ and, 261-262

  socioeconomic status and, 258-259

  Wages: see Income

  Wards Cove Packing Co., Inc. v. Atonio (1989), 686-687

  Washington, George, 531

  Wechsler, David, 6-7

 
; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, (WAIS), 7, 151-152, 290

  Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), 7, 275, 302, 303, 566

  Weikart, David, 404

  Weinberg, Richard, 309-310

  Welfare dependency, 191-201

  child abuse and, 209

 

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