The Cradle King: The Life of James VI and I, the First Monarch of a United Great Britain

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34. Drury to WC, 24 April 1567. CSPF 1566–1568, 213.

  35. Drury to WC, 25 April 1567, Berwick. CSPF 1566–1568, 215.

  36. Drury to WC, 27 April 1567. CSPF 1566–1568, 216.

  37. Calderwood 2:365; Drury to WC, 27 April 1567, CSPF 1566–1568, 216.

  38. Drury to WC, 20 May 1567, Berwick. CSPF 1566–1568, 235.

  39. Calderwood 2: 355–6.

  40. Melville, Memoirs, 64.

  41. Bingham, Darnley, 188.

  42. Kirkaldy of Grange to Bedford, 8 May 1867. CSPSc 2: 237.

  43. Bingham, Darnley, 189.

  44. Fraser, Mary Queen of Scots, 343; Nau, History of Mary Stewart.

  45. Bingham, Darnley, 190.

  46. ‘Coronation Ja 6 in Castro Striuelensi 29 Julii 1567’, in Dalyell, Fragments of Scottish History, Appendix XIII.

  47. Bingham, Darnley, 190–91.

  48. Reid, Kirk and Nation, 40.

  49. Bingham, Darnley, 191. Donaldson, First Trial, 67.

  50. Melville, Memoirs, 200.

  51. Bingham, Darnley, 191.

  NOTES TO CHAPTER THREE

  1. Hewitt, Scotland Under Morton.

  2. 10 March 1568, Stirling. HMC Mar & Kellie 18–20.

  3. E to the Countess of Mar, 7 February 1572, Westminster. HMC Mar & Kellie, 28.

  4. Moore, History of the Study of Medicine, 97, 162.

  5. Moray [10 March 1568, Stirling]. HMC Mar & Kellie, 20–21.

  6. Moray to Mar, 1 May 1568, Glasgow. HMC Mar & Kellie, 21.

  7. Mar to E, 28 January 1570, Stirling Castle. CSPF 1569–1571, 176.

  8. Act of PC for safety of the King. Signed by Lennox, 12 October 1570, Edinburgh. HMC Mar & Kellie 22–3.

  9. Bannatyne, Journal of Transactions, 246–7.

  10. Historie and Life of King James the Sext, 143. Bannatyne has the hole in the ceiling of the Tolbooth: see Journal of Transactions, 257.

  11. Historie and Life of King James the Sext, 143–4.

  12. J to the Parliament [28 August 1571], Tolbooth. Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary Queen of Scots 1547–1603, ed. William K. Boyd, vol. III, A.D. 1569–1571 (Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1903); for another version see Bannatyne, Journal of Transactions, 256–7. John Case to Drury, 2 September 1571, Stirling. CSPSc 3: 677–9 at 678.

  13. E to Mar, 2 October 1571, Richmond. HMC Mar & Kellie 24–5.

  14. Melville, Memoirs, 96.

  15. Melville, Memoirs, 101.

  16. Moore, History of the Study of Medicine, 100, 99, 98.

  17. In the Act of Caution, 1572. HMC Mar & Kellie 30.

  18. Certainly by 30 July 1570, Buchanan was in place: Regent Lennox signed a precept to allow ‘Mr George Munro, servant to Mr George Buchanan, into the King’s household, and to give him his daily allowance’. Lennox to Master and Steward of the King’s Household, 30 July 1570, Stirling. HMC Mar & Kellie 22. On Buchanan, see McFarlane, Buchanan.

  19. Rait & Cameron, King James’s Secret, 2.

  20. BL Add. MS 34, 275 discussed in Warner, ‘The Library of James VI. 1573–1583’.

  21. Warner, ‘Library of James VI’, xviii.

  22. Smith, Vitae Quorundam Eruditissimorum et Illustrium Virorum, Fff 2v, in his life of Petrus Junius [Peter Young].

  23. BL Add. MS 34, 275 fo. 1v; Warner, ‘Library of James VI’, lxxii.

  24. BL Add. MS 34, 275 fo. 2r; Warner, ‘Library of James VI’, lxxiii.

  25. BL Add. MS 34, 275 fo. 1v; Warner, ‘Library of James VI’, lxxii–lxxiii.

  26. Killigrew to FW, 30 June 1574, Edinburgh. CSPSc 5: 13–14.

  27. Killigrew to FW, 30 June 1574, Edinburgh. CSPSc 5: 13–14.

  28. J to the Countess of Mar [mid-1570s]. Akrigg 41.

  29. J to George Buchanan [mid-1570s]. Akrigg 42.

  30. RPCS 2: 181 (28 January 1572–3); 689 (3 May 1578).

  31. Row, History of the Kirk of Scotland, 33–5.

  32. Bèze, Icones; idem, Beza’s ‘Icones’: Contemporary Portraits of Reformers of Religion and Letters, ed. McCrie.

  33. Mackenzie, ‘Life of Buchanan’, 180.

  34. Mackenzie, ‘Life of Buchanan’, 179–80.

  35. Melville, Memoirs, 262.

  36. Osborn, Advice to a Son, B7r.

  37. Melville, Memoirs, 262; for the whipping boy, see Rait & Cameron 3.

  38. Melville, Memoirs, 262.

  39. Chytraeus, Collectanea, A7r–v. This rendering and translation is Ian McFarlane’s: see Buchanan, 448–9.

  40. Buchanan to J, November 1576, Stirling. Buchanan, Baptistes, A.ijv; trans. Baldwin, Shakspere’s Small Latin, 1: 544–5.

  41. Crauford, Memoirs, 81–7, cit. Grant, Story of the University of Edinburgh, 1: 174.

  42. Ben Jonson, ed. Herford & Simpson I: 148.

  43. Melvill, Autobiography and Diary, 68.

  44. RPCS 2: 164.

  45. The Historie of King James the Sext gives a precise date of 15 September 1577; other accounts give 4 March 1578. It is possible that the earlier date is correct, but the later date allows for a more dramatic story; or that chroniclers have confused two incidents. Other accounts have Morton writing to James rather than visiting him.

  46. Historie of King James the Sext, 260–61.

  47. BL Add. MS 34, 275 fo. 2r; Warner, ‘Library of James VI’, lxxiv.

  48. Historie of King James the Sext, 260–61.

  49. Historie of King James the Sext, 263–4.

  50. See DNB s.v. Erskine, John, second or seventh Earl of Mar (1558–1634).

  51. RPCS 3: 3–4.

  52. Calderwood 3: 417, 419, 425.

  53. RPCS 3: 105, 112–14.

  54. Historie of King James the Sext, 174.

  55. Donaldson, Scotland, 172–3; Bingham, James VI, 48.

  NOTES TO CHAPTER FOUR

  1. On d’Aubigny see Cust, Stuarts of Aubigny, 85–97; Willson 32–47; Donaldson, Scotland, 172–80; Bingham, James VI, 50–66; Normand, ‘Edward II and James VI’; Bergeron, King James and Letters of Homoerotic Desire, 32–64.

  2. Moysie, Memoirs, 25.

  3. Johnston, Historie of Scotland, 114.

  4. Calderwood 3: 456, 460–61.

  5. Melvill, Autobiography and Diary, 76–7.

  6. Calderwood 3: 456–8; Bingham, James VI, 52.

  7. Calderwood 3: 457–9.

  8. Woddryngton to FW, 4 May 1582, Berwick. Border Papers 1: 82.

  9. Moysie, Memoirs, 27.

  10. Hacket, Scrinia Reserata, 39. For the theft accusation see Aubrey, Brief Lives, 150–51.

  11. Bingham, James VI, 144.

  12. Calderwood 3: 461.

  13. ‘Memoriall of the present state of Scotland’, 31 December 1579. CSPSc 2: 370–72.

  14. Calderwood 3: 460, 461; Donaldson, Scotland, 173; Willson 37.

  15. Cuddy, ‘Revival of the Entourage’, 180.

  16. Willson 33.

  17. Calderwood 3: 462.

  18. Melvill, Autobiography and Diary, 81–2.

  19. Lennox to the Kirk, 14 July 1580, St Andrews. Calderwood 3: 468–9.

  20. Calderwood 3: 468, 472, 474, 477.

  21. Calderwood 3: 480, 583.

  22. See DNB; s.v. Stewart, James, of Bothwellmuir, Earl of Arran (d. 1596); RPCS 3: 323.

  23. Calderwood 3: 480–85.

  24. Donaldson, Scotland, 173.

  25. Melvill, Autobiography and Diary, 119–20.

  26. Melvill, Autobiography and Diary, 133.

  27. Calderwood 3: 473.

  28. Calderwood 3: 486.

  29. Cit. Willson 34.

  30. Calderwood 3: 486–7.

  31. Calderwood 3: 488–95.

  32. Calderwood 3: 507–10.

  33. See ‘Reasons for which the King of Scots is unacceptable to the people of England’. HMCS 3: 210. Willson 34.

  34. J to E, 19 June 1582, Stirling Castle. Akrigg 48–9.

  35. Calderwood 3: 557–8, 569, 559, 575; Bingham, James VI, 58–9.

  36. Calderwood 3: 576.

  37
. See Shire, Song, Dance and Poetry; Poems by James, ed. Craigie, introduction; Hudson, Historie of Judith, ed. Craigie, introduction; DNB s.v. Montgomerie, Alexander.

  38. Hudson, Historie of Ivdith, A ijr–A iijv.

  39. Hudson, Historie of Ivdith; James VI, Essayes of a Prentise; James VI, His Majesties Poeticall Exercises.

  40. J to M, 28 May 1582, Dalkeith. Akrigg 46.

  41. J to M, 29 January 1581, Edinburgh. Akrigg 45.

  42. Calderwood 3: 592, 592–3, 594. See also J to M, 28 May 1582, Dalkeith. Akrigg 46.

  43. Calderwood 3: 593, 595–6.

  44. Kirk’s supplication to J, 23 August 1582. Calderwood 3: 637–8.

  45. Calderwood lists Mar, Gowrie, the Master of Glamis, the Master of Oliphant, young Lochleven, the Laird of Cleish, the Laird of Easter Wemes, Sir Lewes Bellenden (Justice Clerk) the Lord Boyd, the Lord Lindsay, the Abbot of Dunfermline (Secretary), the Abbots of Cambuskenneth, Dryburgh and Paisley, the Prior of Pittenweeme and the Constable of Dundee. Calderwood 3: 637.

  46. A ‘tulchan’ bishop was a titular bishop, most of whose see’s income went to the layman who appointed him. ‘Tulchan’ is the Scots word for the stuffed calfskin placed beside a cow to induce it to give milk. Reid, Kirk and Nation, 45.

  47. Calderwood 3: 640–42.

  48. Calderwood 3: 643.

  49. Statement of offences committed by Lennox [17 September 1582]. CSPSc 6: 171–4.

  50. Melville, Memoirs, 133–4.

  51. Lennox’s proclamation, 20 September 1582, Dumbarton Castle. Calderwood 3: 665–8. Answer to ‘the declaration of the dissembled innocency’ of Lennox. Calderwood 3: 668–73.

  52. Calderwood 3: 673, 689.

  53. Calderwood 3: 689–93.

  54. Lennox to J, 16 December 1582. CSPSc 6: 222–3; Bergeron 47–8.

  55. Lennox to J, 18 December 1582, Dumbarton. CSPSc 6: 223–4; Bergeron 49–50.

  56. Bowes to FW, 1 May 1583 and 29 May 1583. CSPSc 6: 439, 475.

  57. Calderwood 8: 243.

  58. Spottiswoode, History (1677 edn), 298.

  59. Melville, Memoirs, 134.

  60. Cobham to FW, 9 June 1583. CSPF 17: 394.

  61. James VI, ‘A Tragedie called Phoenix’ in Essayes of a Prentise; see also Poems of James VI, ed. Craigie 1: 40–59; Bergeron 220–29. For discussions see Bingham, James VI, 63–5; Akrigg, ‘Literary Achievement of King James I’; Goldberg, James I; McClure, “‘O Phoenix Escossois”’; Bergeron 54–63.

  62. As suggested by Bergeron 60.

  63. Melville, Memoirs, 134.

  64. ‘A Tragedie called Phoenix’, in James VI, Essayes of a Prentise.

  65. Woddryngton to FW, 21 November 1583, Berwick. Border Papers 1: 116–17.

  NOTES TO CHAPTER FIVE

  1. Calderwood 3: 645.

  2. Melville, Memoirs, 110–11.

  3. Melville, Memoirs, 287.

  4. Historie of King James the Sext, 198.

  5. Hoby to WC, 15 August 1584. Tytler, History of Scotland, 3: 164; Melville, Memoirs, 109.

  6. RPCS 3: 626.

  7. FW to E, 11 September 1583. CSPSc 6: 603.

  8. Calderwood 4: 25.

  9. Melville, Memoirs, 326; Calderwood 4: 32.

  10. Davison to FW, 27 May 1584. CSPSc 7: 155.

  11. Reid, Kirk and Nation, 52; Donaldson, Scotland, 181.

  12. Fontenay to Nau, 15 August 1584, Edinburgh. CSPSc 7: 274–5.

  13. James later declared that he had no further ‘intelligence with my mother sen [since] the Master of Gray’s being in England’. Gray’s mission started in October 1584. See J to Leicester, 15 December 1586, Holyroodhouse. Rait & Cameron 101–2. See also Rait & Cameron 10.

  14. Fontenay to Nau. 15 August 1584. CSPSc 7: 275.

  15. Lee, Maitland of Thirlestane, 86; Bingham, James VI, 80–81.

  16. ‘Articles of a treaty’, 31 July 1585, and response. CSPSc 8: 44, 45.

  17. ‘The League’, June 1586. CSPSc 8: 491.

  18. Bingham, James VI, 84–5.

  19. Courcelles to Henri III, 4 October 1586. Bell, Despatches of Courcelles, 4.

  20. Moysie, Memoirs, 152.

  21. Gray to Douglas, [1] October 1586, Dumfries. HMCS 3: 178; the dating here follows Rait & Cameron 25.

  22. J to Douglas, 20 October 1586. Warrender Papers 1: 235–6.

  23. Mary, Queen of Scots, Lettres, Instructions et Mémoires de Marie, Reine d’Ecosse, 7: 36. See also Scott, Tragedy of Fotheringhay, 31.

  24. [Douglas] to [Gray], [21 September 1586]. HMCS 13: 308–9.

  25. Douglas to Gray, 22 November 1586. Warrender Papers 1: 236–7.

  26. Courcelles to Henri III, 4 October 1586. Bell, Despatches of Courcelles, 6–7.

  27. See Courcelles to Henri III, 31 October 1586. Bell, Despatches of Courcelles, 12–13.

  28. Gray to Douglas, 23 November 1586, Holyroodhouse. HMCS 3: 196.

  29. Courcelles to Henri III, 30 November 1586. Bell, Despatches of Courcelles, 18–19.

  30. J to Keith, 27 November 1586. Rait & Cameron 60–62, who pluralise ‘bedfellow’. I follow Bingham here, who reads it in the singular.

  31. Douglas to J, 8 December 1586. Rait & Cameron 72–82; Keith to [Maitland], 8 December 1586. Warrender Papers 1: 245.

  32. Instructions by J to Gray, [17 December 1586]. Warrender Papers, 250–1.

  33. J to [Leicester], 15 December 1586, Holyroodhouse. Rait & Cameron 101; Warrender Papers 1: 248–9.

  34. Young to Maitland, 10 January 1587. Warrender Papers 1: 255–8.

  35. Gray to J, 12 January 1587, London. Warrender ed., Illustrations of Scottish History, 19–25.

  36. Courcelles to Henri III, 10 February 1587. Bell, Despatches of Courcelles, 31–2.

  37. Courcelles to Henri III, 10 February 1587. Bell, Despatches of Courcelles, 28–9.

  38. ‘Reasons for which the King of Scots is unacceptable to the people of England’ [1586]. HMCS 3: 210–11.

  39. Teulet, Relations politiques, 4: 166–7.

  NOTES TO CHAPTER SIX

  1. Moysie, Memoirs, 60.

  2. Lord Scrope to [FW], 21 February 1587, Carlisle. CSPSc 9: 300.

  3. Ogilvy of Powrie to Douglas, 2 March 1587, Edinburgh. HMCS 13: 334.

  4. Calderwood 4: 611.

  5. Moysie, Memoirs, 60.

  6. Courcelles to Henri III, 8 March 1587. Bell, Despatches of Courcelles, 40–41.

  7. Woddryngton to FW, 25 February 1587. Border Papers, 1: 247.

  8. Robert Carvell to FW, 6 March 1587. CSPSc 9: 330.

  9. J’s instructions to Mrs Carmichael, 10 March 1587. CSPSc 9: 332.

  10. E to J, 14 February 1587. Rait & Cameron 194.

  11. Carey to J, [c. 14 March 1587]. Rait & Cameron 195.

  12. J to E, [late February 1587]. Akrigg 84–5.

  13. [WC] to Sir Robert Carey, 3 April 1587. CSPSc 9: 394. See also the similar [WC] to Hunsdon, 6 April 1587. CSPSc 9: 398–400.

  14. FW to [Maitland], March 1587. CSPSc 9: 388–92.

  15. WC to Douglas, 2 March 1587. Warrender ed., Illustrations of Scottish History, ep. 11.

  16. See Border Papers.

  17. Instructions for Richard Douglas [to be communicated to Archibald Douglas], 8 July 1587, Falkland. HMCS 3: 267–8.

  18. Bingham, James VI, 103.

  19. Carvylle to FW, 3 August 1587, Berwick. Border Papers 1: 265.

  20. Justice Clerk Bellenden to Archibald Douglas, 24 October 1587. CSPSc 9: 491–4. ‘Answer of the PC to the Scottish Ambassador’, [25 October 1587]. CSPSc 9: 495. ‘Discourses between Elizabeth and Mr Archibald Douglas’, [October 1587]. CSPSc 9: 496–502.

  21. See Hunsdon’s despatches in Border Papers 1: 280–98.

  22. See Bell, Despatches of Courcelles, 53–4.

  23. M to Mendoza, 20 May 1586. Mary, Queen of Scots, Lettres, Instructions, et Mémoires, ed. Labanhoff 6:309; Mackie, ‘Will of Mary Stuart’; Bingham, James VI, 102. Spottiswoode, History of the Church of Scotland, 2: 387; Mackie, ‘Scotland and the Spanish Armada�
�.

  24. Philip II to Olivares, 11 February 1587. CSP Simancas 4: 16.

  25. Robert Bowes to WC, November 1596, Edinburgh. CSPSc 12: 359–60; and Aston to Bowes, 31 October 1596. CSPSc 12: 354. See the perceptive discussion in Goldberg, James I, 1–17.

  26. James to the Dean of Peterborough, 20 September 1613. Bodl. Ashmole MS 836 fo. 277, as cit. Goldberg, James I, 14.

  27. DNB s.v. Gray, Patrick, sixth Lord Gray.

  28. Cit. Grant, ‘Brig o’ Dee Affair’, 93.

  29. John, Bishop of Ross, to Cardinal de Como, 10/20 June 1579, Paris. Forbes-Leith ed., Narratives of Scottish Catholics, 139.

  30. Calderwood 4: 632.

  31. Councillors at the Scottish Parliament, [13 July 1587] and Mar to [?], 17 July 1587. CSPSc 9: 451; 452–3.

  32. [?] to [FW], 13 August 1587, Edinburgh. CSPSc 9: 475–7 at 476.

  33. Ogilvy to FW, [August] 1587. CSPSc 9: 480–81 at 481.

  34. RPCS 4: 103.

  35. Barroll, Anna of Denmark, 76.

  36. Fowler to [WC], 14 March 1589, Edinburgh. CSPSc 10: 3.

  37. Grant, ‘Brig o’ Dee Affair’, 99–100.

  38. Melvill, Autobiography and Diary, 260.

  39. James VI, A Fruitful Meditation; James VI and I, Workes. The Workes opens with ‘A Paraphrase vpon the Reuelation’, and then ‘Two Meditations’, on Revelation 20: 7–10 and 1 Chronicles 15: 25–9.

  40. William Asheby to FW, 21 July 1588, Berwick. CSPSc 9: 583.

  41. Bellenden to Archibald Douglas, 24 October 1587, Holyroodhouse. CSPSc 9: 491. Mendoza to Philip II, 5 April 1588, Paris. CSP Simancas 4: 260 and enclosure, 4: 260–1.

  42. [John Selby] to [FW], 5 May 1588, Berwick. CSPSc 9: 558.

  43. Bowes to FW, 8 and 26 May 1588, Berwick. CSPSc 9: 559, 560.

  44. Bingham, James VI, 106–7.

  45. J to E, 1 August 1588, Edinburgh. CSPSc 9: 588–9.

  46. Asheby to FW, 12 August 1588, Edinburgh. CSPSc 9: 596.

  47. Gray to Douglas, 14 December 1588. CSPSc 9: 649.

  48. Calderwood 5: 2, 7, letters at 8–13.

  49. Warrender Papers 2: 93–4.

  50. Lee, Maitland, 182; Law, ‘Robert Bruce’.

  51. Calderwood 5: 7–8.

  52. Calderwood 5:36; Fowler to FW, 1 March 1589, Edinburgh. CSPSc 9: 701.

  53. Asheby to WC, 14 March 1589, Edinburgh. CSPSc 10: 1; Grant, ‘Brig o’ Dee Affair’, 104.

  54. Fowler to FW, 6 March 1589, Edinburgh. CSPSc 9: 704.

  55. Fowler to [WC], 14 March 1589, Edinburgh. CSPSc 10: 3–4.

  56. Fowler to WC, 14 March 1589, CSPSc 10: 3–4.