The Cradle King: The Life of James VI and I, the First Monarch of a United Great Britain

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22. BL Add. MS 48119 fo. 213r, printed in Foster, Proceedings in Parliament 1610, 348.

  23. J to PC, 7 December 1610. HMCS 21: 266.

  24. RCe to J, [3 December 1610]. HMCS 21: 264.

  25. J to RCe, [6? December 1610]. Akrigg 316–17.

  26. RCe to J, 9 December [1610]. HMCS 21: 267.

  27. RCe to Lake, 9 December 1610. HMCS 21: 268.

  28. John More to Winwood, 17 February 1612, London. Nichols 2: 437.

  29. BL Add. MS 25548 fo. 9v and BL Egerton 2230 fo. 34, quoted in Croft, ‘Reputation of Robert Cecil’, 55.

  30. Northampton to RCe, 26 May 1612. PRO SP 14/69/56; CSPD 1611–1618, 133.

  31. JC to DC, 27 May 1612, London. McClure 1: 351.

  32. Cit. Strong, Henry, 144–5.

  33. Landesbibliothek Kassle, MS Hass. 68, ff. 61v–62, cit. Strong, Henry, 211–12.

  34. Garganò, Scapigliatura, 68–9, cit. Strong, Henry, 211.

  35. Salisbury to Newton, n.d. BL Harley MS 7002 ff. 95–96v, cit. Strong, Henry, 74.

  36. Plowden, Stuart Princesses, 18–20.

  37. Plowden, Stuart Princesses, 20–21.

  38. JC to Winwood, 3 November 1612, London. McClure 1: 384.

  39. On H’s decline, see Cornwallis, Account, 26–32.

  40. JC to DC, 12 November 1612, London. McClure 1: 388–90.

  41. Cornwallis, Account, 44.

  42. JC to DC, 12 November 1612, London.

  43. Moore, History of the Study of Medicine, 96–7; MacAlpine and Hunter, George III and the Mad Business, 209–10.

  44. Osborne, Traditional Memoirs, in Scott ed., Secret History of the Court, 1: 267–8.

  45. JC to DC, 12 November 1612, London. McClure 1: 390.

  46. Foscarini to the Doge and Senate of Venice, 1/11 April 1613, London. CSPV 12: 521.

  47. JC to DC, 8 February 1617, London. McClure 2: 52.

  48. For a list see Nichols 2: 504–12.

  49. Cit. DNB s.v. Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.

  50. Greville, Five Years of King James, Dv.

  51. Osborne, Traditional Memoirs, in Scott ed., Secret History of the Court, 1: 261–2.

  52. Most persuasively in Strong, Henry Prince of Wales.

  53. JC to Winwood, 9 January 1613, and JC to DC, 31 December 1612, London. McClure 1: 403, 399.

  54. JC to Alice Carleton, 18 February 1613, London. McClure 1: 423–6.

  55. JC to DC, 11 March 1613, London. McClure 1: 436–7.

  56. Plowden, Stuart Princesses, 27.

  57. Trumbull to Winwood, 25 June 1613, Brussels. Sawyer, Memorials, 3: 407.

  58. Plowden, Stuart Princesses, 30.

  59. Willson, Privy Councillors, 130–46.

  60. ‘Memorial of some points’. Bacon, Letters and Life, 5: 24–30.

  61. J’s speech to Parliament, 5 April 1614. Bodl. MS Carte 77 ff. 145–6, printed in Jansson, Proceedings, 13–19. Gondomar to Philip III [April 1614]. Jansson 7–9.

  62. J’s speech to Parliament, 9 April 1614. Bodl. MS Carte 77 ff. 142v–143v, printed in Jansson, Proceedings, 43–6.

  63. Wotton to Sir Edmund Bacon. Wotton, Letters, 32; Jansson, Proceedings, 313 n. 19.

  64. Anonymous diary, entry for 3 June 1614. Kenneth Spencer Research Library MS E237 printed Jansson, Proceedings, 422–3. JC to DC, 14 July 1614, London. McClure 1: 548. See also Jansson, Proceedings, 423 n. 33.

  65. CJ 1: 496.

  66. CJ 1: 505; LJ 1: 716.

  67. Anonymous diary, entry for 6 June 1614. Kenneth Spencer Research Library MS E237 printed Jansson, Proceedings, 427.

  68. Willson 363–4.

  69. Francisco de Jesus, Hecho, 286–8.

  NOTES TO CHAPTER SIXTEEN

  1. On Somerset see Willson, ch. 18; Seddon, ‘Robert Carr’; Bergeron, King James and Letters of Homosexual Desire, ch. 3.

  2. See Greville, Five Years of King James, A4v–Br.

  3. Wilson, History of Great Britain, H3v–H4r.

  4. For treatment of James’s relations with men, see especially Bergeron; Young, James VI and I.

  5. [Woddryngton] to FW, 30 April 1588, Berwick. CSPSc 9: 557–8. See infra, chapter 7.

  6. Barroll, Anna of Denmark, 131–2.

  7. Lord Thomas Howard to Sir John Harington, [1607?] Harington, Nugae Antiquae, 390–97. Harington dates this letter to 1611, but it clearly derives from a period earlier in Carr’s ascent before he had been given any title, possibly even before being knighted.

  8. Wilson, History of Great Britain, M2r.

  9. Howard to Harington, [1607?] Harington, Nugae Antiquae, 390–97.

  10. Howard to Harington, [1607?] Harington, Nugae Antiquae, 390–97.

  11. JC to DC, 30 December 1607, London. McClure 1: 249.

  12. Warrant to Henryck van Hulfen, 22 March 1608. CSPD 1603–1610, 417.

  13. Correr to the Doge and Senate of Venice, 11/21 April and 4 May 1611, London. CSPV 12: 135–6, 142.

  14. Fenton to Mar, 22 June 1612, Greenwich. HMC Mar & Kellie 2: 40–41.

  15. Isaac Wake to DC, 17 December 1612, cit. Bergeron 71.

  16. Somerset, Unnatural Murder, ch. 3.

  17. JC to DC, 29 April 1613, London. McClure 1: 443–4. See also JC to DC, 6 May 1613, London. McClure 1: 448.

  18. See Fenton to Mar, 20 May 1613 and [c. June 1613]. HMC Mar & Kellie 2: 51 and 52.

  19. Southampton to Winwood, 6 August 1613, n.p. Sawyer, Memorials, 3: 475.

  20. Somerset, Unnatural Murder, 139–69.

  21. Cobbett, State Trials 2: 794–820, 860–62. The original commission comprised Bishops Abbot, Andrewes, King and Neile; civilians Sir Daniel Donne, Sir John Bennet, Dr James and Dr Edwards; councillors Sir Thomas Parry and Sir Julius Caesar. The two extra bishops were Bilson and John Buckridge.

  22. JC to DC, 27 October 1613 and 11 November 1613, London. McClure 1: 481, 485. James made Lennox Earl of Richmond before making Rochester Earl of Somerset, to ensure his cousin’s precedence. See Lee, Government by Pen, 150 n. 29.

  23. See Nichols 2: 704–45.

  24. JC to DC, 30 December 1613, London. McClure 1: 495–7. See 25 November 1613, London. McClure 1: 487; 9 December 1613, London. McClure 1: 490–91; 30 December 1613, London. McClure 1: 498–9.

  25. Campion, The Description of a Maske, in Nichols 2: 707–14 at 713.

  26. Willson 343.

  27. JC to DC, 14 October 1613, London. McClure 1: 480.

  28. Gardiner, History of England, 2: 199–201, 227–8; Dietz, English Public Finance, 149–58.

  29. Cit. Willson 343.

  30. JC to DC, 3 March 1614, London. McClure 1: 515.

  31. Gondomar to Philip III, [April 1614]. Jansson, Proceedings, 5.

  32. Edward Reynoldes to Francis Mills, 9 July 1614, London. PRO SP 14/77/59.

  33. JC to DC, 14 July 1614, London. McClure 1: 548.

  34. For the progress see Nichols 3: 10–24.

  35. Goodman, Court of King James, 1: 225–6; D’Ewes, Autobiography, 166–7.

  36. Fenton to Mar, 2 November 1614. HMC Mar & Kellie 2: 56.

  37. JC to DC, 24 November 1614. McClure 1: 559.

  38. See PC to J, [20 November 1614]. PRO SP 14/78/58.

  39. James to RCa [1615]. Akrigg 335–44; Bergeron 80–84.

  40. Lockyer, Buckingham, 16.

  41. JC to DC, 1 December 1614, London. McClure 1: 561.

  42. Coke, Detection of the Court and State of England, 82.

  43. Rushworth, Historical Collections, 1: 456; Goodman, Court of King James the First (1839), 1: 22. Lockyer, Buckingham, 18–20.

  44. Sarmiento to the Duke of Lerma, 20/30 October 1615. Gardiner 166–8.

  45. Foscarini and Barbarigo to the Doge of Venice, 28 October/7 November 1615. Gardiner 175.

  46. Sarmiento to the Duke of Lerma, 20/30 October 1615. Gardiner 166–8. See also Foscarini and Barbarigo to the Doge of Venice, 28 October/7 November 1615. Gardiner 175–6. For the second pardon see Gardiner 176 n.a.

  47. Sarmiento to the Duke of Lerma, 7/17 November and 20/30 Oc
tober 1615. Gardiner 177, 168.

  48. J to RCa, [July? 1615]. Akrigg 341–2; Bergeron 87–8.

  49. JC to DC, 20 July 1615, London. McClure 1: 609.

  50. Lockyer, Buckingham, 22.

  51. On the Overbury affair, see Spedding, ‘Review of the evidence’; Somerset, Unnatural Murder; for a sensational near-contemporary account see Greville, Five Years of King James.

  52. Sarmiento to Lerma, 20/30 October 1615. Gardiner 170.

  53. Willson 353.

  54. Bodl. Smith 17, fo. 30; SP 14/81/88 fo. 149r–v cit. Somerset, Unnatural Murder, 293.

  55. Sarmiento to Lerma, 20/30 October 1615. Gardiner 171.

  56. Weldon, Court and Character of King James, in Scott ed., Secret History of the Court of James the First, 1: 411.

  57. J to RCa, [October 1615]. Akrigg 343–5; Bergeron 88–90.

  58. Sarmiento to Lerma, 20/30 October 1615. Gardiner 171–4.

  59. Sarmiento to Philip III, 20/30 January 1616. Gardiner 177–9.

  60. Sarmiento to Philip III, 20/30 January 1616. Gardiner 179–80.

  61. J to Sir George More, [May 1616]. Akrigg 350–51.

  62. J to More, [May 1616]. Akrigg 351–2.

  63. J to More, [May 1616]. Akrigg 352–3.

  64. J to More, [May 1616]. Akrigg 353–4.

  65. Sarmiento to Philip III, 31 May/10 June 1616. Gardiner 182–4.

  66. See Jardine and Stewart, Hostage to Fortune, 377–80; Stewart, ‘The Body Archival’.

  67. JC to DC, 8 June 1616, London. McClure 2: 6.

  68. Edward Sherburn to DC, 25 May 1616. PRO SP 14/87/29; CSPD 1611–1618, 368.

  69. Howell, State Trials, 2: 996.

  70. Bacon, Letters and Life, 5: 334.

  71. JC to DC, 8 June 1616, London. McClure 2: 6.

  72. Sarmiento to Philip III, 31 May/10 June 1616. Gardiner 185.

  73. Sherburn to DC, 31 May 1616, London. PRO SP 14/87/40 cit. Spedding, ‘Review’, 111. Sarmiento claims that James called for him that day, and he ‘was a long time with him’. See Sarmiento to Philip III, 31 May/10 June 1616. Gardiner 181.

  74. Weldon, in Scott, Secret History, 1: 411–12, 424.

  75. Sherburn to DC, 31 May 1616, London. PRO SP 14/87/40, cit. Spedding, ‘Review’, 111–12.

  76. For this see Stewart, ‘Homosexuals in History’.

  77. BL Harley MS 481 ff. 16v–17r. D’Ewes, Diary, ed. Bourcier, 92–3 [entry for 22 August 1622].

  78. BL Harley MS 481 f. 20v. D’Ewes, Diary, ed. Bourcier, 100 [entry for 2 October 1622].

  79. ‘Casaubon’, Corona Regia.

  80. BL shelfmark 292.a.42.

  81. ‘Casaubon’, Corona Regia, D9v–D10v.

  82. For correspondence relating to this hunt, see BL Stowe MS 176, f. 170; BL Egerton MS 2592 f. 37b; BL Egerton MS 2593 ff. 17, 28; BL Egerton MS 2594 f. 19; BL Egerton MS 2595 f. 197.

  83. Pattison, Isaac Casaubon, 483.

  84. See Jardine and Stewart, Hostage to Fortune, chs. 13–15.

  85. ‘Anglipotrida’, 14/24 January 1618, London. CSPV 15: 113–14.

  86. Sherburn to DC, 31 May 1616, London. CSPD 1611–1618, 370. PRO SP 14/86/95, 14/87/40, cit. Lockyer, Buckingham, 33–4.

  87. Salvetti Correspondence in HMC 11th Report, Appendix, Part I, Henry Duncan Skrine (1887) 14 Nov. 1617. Archivio Mediceo 4192, cit. Lockyer, Buckingham, 34.

  88. JC to DC, 28 February 1618, London. McClure 2: 144. This episode is discussed in Young, James VI and I, 76.

  89. See Lockyer, Buckingham, 35–6.

  90. Quoted in Williamson, George Villiers, 68.

  NOTES TO CHAPTER SEVENTEEN

  1. For a full account of Scotland from 1603 see Lee, Government by Pen, here at 27–30 and passim.

  2. For Dunfermline’s news, see Lee, Government by Pen, 155.

  3. Nichols 3: 308–9.

  4. Various proclamations, RPCS 10: 681–4.

  5. Lee, Government by Pen, 155.

  6. ‘Proclamatioun aganis the slaughter of Murefoule’, Nichols 3: 315.

  7. ‘Proclamation againis the slaying of his Majestie’s Buckis’, 14 January 1617. Nichols 3: 327–8.

  8. Lee, Government by Pen, 155.

  9. ‘Articles required for the service of the Church of Scotland’. Laing, Original Letters, 2: 445–6.

  10. Lee, Government by Pen, 159–60.

  11. J to PC of Scotland, 15 December 1616, Newmarket. RPCS 10: 684–6.

  12. For the itinerary, see Nichols 3: 257.

  13. Calderwood 7: 245.

  14. Nichols 3: 279, 264, 263–4.

  15. GV to Bacon, 23 April 1617. Nichols 3: 280–21.

  16. Nichols 3: 300.

  17. Calderwood 7: 245.

  18. On James’s entry into Edinburgh, see Calderwood 7: 245–6; Nichols 3: 317–28, here at 319.

  19. The Muses’ Welcome.

  20. Anthony Weldon, quoted in Nichols 3: 338–9.

  21. [Anonymous] to Bacon, 28 June 1617, Edinburgh. PRO SP 14/92, no. 75 quoted Nichols 3: 347.

  22. Calderwood 7: 246.

  23. Calderwood 7: 246–7; RPCS 11: 137.

  24. JC to DC, 21 June 1617, London. McClure 2: 82.

  25. Calderwood 7: 249.

  26. ‘Reasons to dissuade ministers from assisting to bishops at Parliament’. Calderwood 2: 247–9 at 248.

  27. Lee, Government by Pen, 164.

  28. [Anonymous] to Bacon, 28 June 1617, Edinburgh. PRO SP 14/92, no. 75 quoted Nichols 3: 345–8.

  29. [Anonymous] to Bacon, 28 June 1617, Edinburgh. PRO SP 14/92, no. 75 quoted Nichols 3: 345–8.

  30. Nichols 3: 337–8.

  31. Forsyth, Beauties of Scotland, 4: 293–4.

  32. Adamson, The Muses’ Welcome, Ggr.

  33. Calderwood 7: 246.

  34. Adamson, The Muses’ Welcome, Vu5r–v; Nichols 3: 370–71; Chambers, Domestic Annals of Scotland, 1: 483–5; RPCS 11: 196–8 n.1.

  35. Adamson, The Muses’ Welcome, Iiv.

  36. Calderwood 7: 261–83; Spottiswoode, Historie, 3: 247.

  37. Spottiswoode, Historie, 3: 245–7.

  38. Nichols 3: 372, 382, 385–9; Lee, Government by Pen, 170.

  39. Calderwood 7: 273–4.

  40. J to the Archbishops of St Andrews and Glasgow, 6 December 1617, Newmarket. Laing, Original Letters, 524.

  41. RPCS 11: 296–7.

  42. Calderwood 7: 298–301.

  43. James to the PC and the Bishops, 10 July 1618, Theobalds. Calderwood 7: 308–11.

  44. Calderwood 7: 304–39; Lee, Government by Pen, 174–6.

  45. Lee, Government by Pen, 179.

  NOTES TO CHAPTER EIGHTEEN

  1. For the marriage negotiations from the Spanish point of view, see Francisco de Jesus, Hecho, passim.

  2. Gardiner, History of England, 3: 39–43; Willson 369–70.

  3. Gardiner, History of England, 3: 113–26; Quinn, Ralegh and the British Empire, 240–67.

  4. Willson 374–5.

  5. Gondomar to Philip III, 5/15 July 1618 cit. Willson 374–5; Gardiner, History of England, 3: 132–3.

  6. Gardiner, History of England, 3: 132–4.

  7. Gardiner, History of England, 3: 141–51.

  8. See GV to Cottington, [?November 1618]. BL Add. MS 14,015 f. 75; trans. Gardiner, Letters, 1: 24–5 at 24.

  9. Gardiner, Letters, 1: 4 n.a.

  10. The Peace-Maker, A3r, A4r, Bv; see also discussion in Young, James VI and I, 86–7.

  11. See Stewart, ‘Purging Troubled Humours’.

  12. Cottington to Sir Robert Naunton, 17/27 September 1618, Madrid; Gardiner, Letters, 1: 9–12 at 10.

  13. GV to Gondomar, 30 September/10 October 1618; Gardiner, Letters, 1: 13.

  14. Willson 409–10.

  15. Cottington to Sir Thomas Lake, 25 June/5 July 1618, Madrid; Gardiner, Letters, 1: 3–4.

  16. PRO SP 14/95/6 discussed in Lockyer, Buckingham, 32–3.

  17. GV to Cottington, [?November 1618]. BL Add. MS 14,015 f. 75; trans. Gardiner, Letters, 1: 24–5.


  18. Antonio Donato to the Doge and Senate of Venice, 14/24 January 1619, London. CSPV 15: 444.

  19. Cottington to Naunton, 3/13 December 1618, Madrid. Gardiner, Letters, 1: 25–6 at 26.

  20. JC to DC, 6 March 1619, London. McClure 2: 219–20. See also JC to DC, 19 March 1619, London. McClure 2: 222.

  21. Moore, History of the Study of Medicine, 101–2; 166–7. See also JC to DC, 24 April 1619, London. McClure 2: 232.

  22. Williams, Great Britains Salomon, I3v.

  23. JC to DC, 24 April 1619, London. McClure 2: 232.

  24. JC to DC, 5 June 1619, London. McClure 2: 242–3.

  25. Cit. Willson 405.

  26. Plowden, Stuart Princesses, 34.

  27. Gardiner, History of England, 2: 2, cit. Plowden, Stuart Princesses, 34.

  28. Notestein, Commons Debates 1621, 6: 370.

  29. Notestein, Commons Debates 1621, 6: 370.

  30. Plowden, Stuart Princesses, 35.

  31. C to Doncaster, 27 June 1619. Cit. Plowden, Stuart Princesses, 36.

  32. Willson 411.

  33. Piero Antonio Marioni to Doge and Senate of Venice, 22 November 1619, London. CSPV 16: 53.

  34. Willson 411–12.

  35. Cit. Willson 412.

  36. Willson 412–13.

  37. Gardiner, History of England, 3: 338.

  38. Gardiner, History of England, 3: 336–8.

  39. Lando to Doge and Senate, 24 April 1620, London. CSPV 16: 239. See also Lando to Doge and Senate, 9 July 1620, London. CSPV 16: 308–10.

  40. Tillières, 26 May/5 June 1620, quoted in Gardiner, History of England, 3: 350.

  41. Lando to Doge and Senate, 23 July 1620, London. CSPV 16: 327.

  42. Lando to Doge and Senate, 14 August 1620, London. CSPV 16: 363.

  43. Lando to Doge and Senate, 27 August 1620, London. CSPV 16: 377.

  44. Gardiner, History of England, 3: 370–7; Willson 415–16.

  45. Quoted in Willson 416.

  46. Vox Populi; on Scott see Wright, ‘Propaganda Against James’.

  47. Lando to Doge and Senate, 4 December 1620. CSPV 16: 491.

  48. D’Ewes, Autobiography, 1: 158–9.

  49. Lando to Doge and Senate of Venice, 11 December 1620, London. CSPV 16: 496.

  50. JC to DC, 22 December 1620. McClure 2:331. See Davies, ‘English Political Sermons’.

  51. JC to DC, 10 March 1621, London. McClure 2: 350; Wright, ‘Propaganda Against James’, 154–5.

  52. Lando to Doge and Senate, 11 December 1620, London. CSPV 16: 495–7 at 496.

  53. JC to DC, 3 February 1621, London. McClure 2: 338. On the 1621 Parliament see LJ 3; Nicholas, Proceedings and Debates; Notestein et al., Commons Debates 1621; Zaller, Parliament of 1621; Russell, Parliaments and English Politics.