Max Yergan

by David Henry Anthony III

  Torrence, Ridgely. The Story of John Hope. New York: Macmillan, 1948.

  Turner, Joyce Moore, and W. Burghardt, eds. Richard B. Moore: Caribbean Militant in Harlem: Collected Writings, 1920–1972. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.

  Urquhart, Brian. Ralph Bunche: An American Life. New York: Norton, 1993.

  Walshe, Peter. The Rise of African Nationalism in South Africa: The African National Congress, 1912–1971. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.

  Walters, Alexander. My Life and Work. New York: 1917.

  Washburn, Patrick S. A Question of Sedition: The Federal Government’s Investigation of the Black Press during World War II. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

  White, Ronald C., Jr., and C. Howard Hopkins. The Social Gospel in America: Religion and Reform in Changing America. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1976.

  White, Walter. A Rising Wind. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran, 1945.

  Whitted, J. A. A History of Negro Baptists in North Carolina. Raleigh: Edwards and Broughton, 1908.

  Wickins, Peter. The Industrial and Commercial Union of Africa. London: Oxford University Press, 1978.

  Willan, Brian. Sol Plaatje, South African Nationalist, 1876–1932. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984.

  Williams, Charles H. Sidelights on Negro Soldiers. Boston: B. J. Brimmer, 1923.

  Williams, Walter L. Black Americans and the Evangelization of Africa, 1877–1900. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982.

  World’s Committee of Y.M.C.A.’s. Youth Faces Life: Being the Report of the Nineteenth World Conference of Y.M.C.A.’s at Helsingfors, August 1 – 6, 1926. Geneva: World’s Committee of YMCAs, 1926.

  Wright, Richard. The Color Curtain: A Report on the Bandung Conference. Cleveland and New York: World, 1956.

  Wright, Richard R. Encyclopedia of African Methodism. Philadelphia: A.M.E. Book Concern, 1942.

  Xuma, Alfred Bitini. Charlotte Manye (Mrs. Maxeke): “What an Educated African Girl Can Do.” Johannesburg: Women’s Parent Mite Missionary Society of the A.M.E. Church, 1930.

  ———. Reconstituting the Union of South Africa; or, A More Rational Union Policy: Address Delivered Before a Public Meeting of the Bantu Studies Club of the University of the Witwatersrand, May 30th, 1932. Alice: Lovedale Press, 1932.

  ———. Africans’ Claims in South Africa. Johannesburg: n.d. [ca. December 1943].

  NEWSPAPERS AND OTHER PERIODICALS

  The African Interpreter (New York), February 1943–Spring 1944.

  Afro-American (Washington and Baltimore)

  Amsterdam News (New York)

  Association Men (New York)

  Cape Times (Cape Town, South Africa)

  Coming Back (New York: International Committee of the YMCA)

  Guardian (Cape Town, South Africa)

  L’Illustration Exposition Colonial (Paris), 23 May 1931.

  Imvo Zabantsundu (King William’s Town, South Africa)

  New Masses (New York), 1935–1948

  People’s Voice (New York)

  Umteteli wa Bantu

  The Young Men of India

  ARTICLES

  “Alabama Sharecroppers.” “Three Lynch Affidavits.” New Masses, 22 October 1935, 16–18.

  Asante, S. K. B. “The Afro-American and the Italo-Ethiopian Crisis, 1934–1936.” Race (London) 15:2 (October 1973): 163–84.

  Briggs, Leonard M. “My 35 Years of Y.M.C.A. Work.” Outspan (Johannesburg), 11 October 1945, 17, 109.

  Bull, Oswin. “John R. Mott: Servant of Christ and Leader of Men.” South African Outlook, 1 April 1955.

  Burnshaw, Stanley. “The Theatre: Toward a Genuine Negro Drama.” New Masses, 9 July 1935, 29.

  “Case of Paul Robeson — Why Some Americans Can’t Get Passports.” U.S. News and World Report, 26 August 1955, 79–81.

  Contee, Clarence G. “Black American ‘Reds’ and African Liberation: A Case Study of the Council on African Affairs, 1937–1955.” In Proceedings: The Conference on Afro-Americans and Africans: Historical and Political Linkages. Edited by Lorraine A. Williams. Sponsored by the Department of History, Howard University, June 13–14, 1974. Washington, D.C.: Graduate School, Howard University, 1974. 117–33.

  Davis, Benjamin J. “The Communists, the Negro People, and the War.” Communist 21:7 (August 1942).

  Davis, John P. “The National Negro Congress Reports to the People.” [Unpublished] mimeo, n.d. (1940), National Negro Congress Papers, Box 21, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.

  Deutscher, Isaac. “The Ex-Communist’s Conscience: A Review of The God That Failed.” In Heretics and Renegades. London: H. Hamilton, 1955.

  Dodson, Owen. “Negro History: A Sonnet Sequence.” New Masses, 14 April 1936, 21.

  Drake, J. G. St. Clair. “The International Implications of Race and Race Relations.” Social Forces 20:3 (Summer 1951): 261–78.

  “Dr. Xuma Buried.” Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg), 2 February 1962.

  “Dr. Xuma Dead: Bishop Gow Will Conduct Funeral.” World (Witwatersrand-Pretoria-Vereeniging), 29 January 1962.

  Du Bois, W. E. B. “Thomas Jesse Jones.” Crisis 22 (October 1921): 252–56.

  ———. “Thomas Jesse Jones, Education in Africa: A Review.” Crisis 32:2 (June 1926): 86–89.

  ———. “The Realities in Africa: European Profit or Negro Development?” Foreign Affairs 21:4 (July 1943): 721–32.

  ———. “The Pan-African Movement.” In History of the Pan African Congress: Colonial and Coloured Unity. Edited by George Padmore. London: Hammersmith, 1945.

  Elkin, W. T. “Unrest among the Negroes: A British Document of 1919.” Science and Society 37:1 (Winter 1968).

  Ellison, Ralph. “A Congress Jim Crow Didn’t Attend.” New Masses, 14 May 1940, 5, 7–8.

  “The Flight in Harlem.” Editorial. New Masses, 29 October 1935, 5.

  Flandrau, Grace. “Macaroni for Africa.” New Masses, 31 December 1935, 15–16.

  Ford, James W. “Political Highlights of the National Negro Congress.” Communist 15:5 (May 1936).

  Freeman, Joseph. “Ethiopia and World War.” New Masses, 12 May 1936, 6, 8.

  Gold, Michael. “At Last, a Negro Theater?” New Masses, 10 March 1936, 18.

  Hirsch, Alfred. “Way Down South, 2: On Behalf of Angelo Herndon.” New Masses, 20 August 1935, 13–14.

  Hope, John. “The Colored YMCA.” Crisis 31:1 (November 1925): 14–17.

  “Housing in Harlem.” Editorial. New Masses, 24 September 1935, 7.

  Kelley, Robin D. G. “Organizing the Natives.” Unpublished manuscript.

  ———. “The Religious Odyssey of African Radicals: Notes on the Communist Party of South Africa, 1921–34.” Radical History Review 51 (Fall 1991): 5–24.

  Keto, Clement T. “Black Americans and South Africa, 1890–1910.” Current Bibliography on African Affairs 5:4 (New Series) (July 1972): 383–406.

  King, Kenneth J. “Africa and the Southern States of the U.S.A.” Journal of African History 10:4 (1969): 59–77.

  ———. “The American Negro as Missionary to East Africa: A Critical Aspect of Evangelism.” African Historical Studies 3:1 (1970): 5–22.

  Kleeck, Mary van. “United Action for Social Security.” New Masses, 7 April 1936, 1213.

  Kuper, Leo. “The Control of Social Change: A South African Experiment.” Social Forces 33:1 (October 1954): 19–29.

  ———. “African Nationalism, 1910–1964.” Oxford History of South Africa, vol. 2. Edited by Monica Wilson and Leonard Thompson. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971. 424–76.

  Leberstein, Stephen. “Purging the Profs: The Rapp Coudert Committee in New York, 1940–1942.” In New Studies in the Politics and Culture of U.S. Communism. Edited by Michael E. Brown, Randy Martin, Frank Rosengarten, and George Snedeker. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1993.

  Lenz, Frank B. “An American Negro in South Africa.” World Tomorrow, August 1931.


  “Lincoln and the Negro Youth.” Editorial. New Masses, 16 February 1937, 22.

  McKenzie, Marjorie. “Pursuit of Democracy: Differences of Robeson and Yergan Present Puzzling Question.” Pittsburgh Courier, 14 February 1948.

  Marcantonio, Vito. “Why I Broke with La Guardia.” New Masses, 3 March 1936, 13–14.

  Martin, Tony. “Some Reflexions on Evangelical Pan-Africanism.” Ufahamu 1:3 (Winter 1971).

  Miller, Loren. “Harlem without Makeup.” New Masses, 13 August 1935.

  Miller, Loren. “Last in Peace, Last in War.” New Masses, 24 September 1935, 16–18.

  ———. “Labor Trouble in Harlem.” New Masses, 22 October 1935, 20.

  ———. “The Theater: ‘Porgy and Bess’ and ‘Mulatto.’“ New Masses, 5 November 1935, 29–30.

  ———. “The Negro Middle Class: The Failure of Emancipation.” New Masses, 7 April 1936, 20–21.

  Minton, Bruce. “That Man Marcantonio.” New Masses, 3 November 1936, 3–5.

  Nash, Vernon. “The YMCA in East Africa in 1917.” Young Men of India 29:6 (June 1918): 351–56.

  Nehru, Jawaharlal. “India and a People’s Front.” New Masses, 3 February 1937, 11–14.

  Newton, Herbert. “The National Negro Congress, USA.” Negro Worker (May–June 1936): 24–25.

  North, Joseph. “Herndon Is Back in Atlanta.” New Masses, 5 November 1935, 15–16.

  ———. “United Front Opens Herndon’s Jail. (‘I’m Dead Sure You’ll Get Me Out Soon’).” New Masses, 17 December 1935, 15–16.

  ———. “Herndon Is Free!” New Masses, 11 May 1937, 13–14.

  “O.B.B.” [Oswin Boys Bull]. South African Outlook 102:1211 (April 1972).

  O’Brien, Frank. “Harlem Shows the Way.” New Masses, 18 August 1936, 17–18.

  Pawa, J. M. “The Search for Black Radicals.” Labor History 16:2 (Spring 1975).

  “Police Terror in Harlem: From the Text of the Suppressed Official Report.” New Masses, 14 July 1936, 15–16.

  Ponsford, T. R. “The Influence of the Y.M.C.A. Is Felt in 66 Countries.” Out-span, 15 November 1946, 21, 91.

  Rabinowitz, Howard. “A Comparative Perspective on Race Relations in Southern and Northern Cities, 1860–1900, with Special Emphasis on Raleigh.” In Black Americans in North Carolina and the South. Edited by Jeffrey J. Crow and Flora Hatley. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984.

  Record, Wilson. “The Negro Intellectual and Negro Nationalism.” Social Forces 33:1 (October 1954): 10–18.

  “Red China Exposed—Not Dominant in Asia (Interview with Adam Clayton Powell Jr., Negro Leader and Congressman from New York).” U.S. News and World Report, 29 April 1955, 42–44.

  Redkey, Edwin S. “The Meaning of Africa to Afro-Americans, 1890–1914.” Special Studies, Council on International Studies, State University of New York at Buffalo. Buffalo: 1971.

  Richardson, Ben. “Can It Happen in Harlem Again?” New Masses, 17 August 1943, 14–16.

  Roark, James L. “American Black Leaders: The Response to Colonialism and the Cold War, 1943–1953.” African Historical Studies 4:2 (1971): 253–70.

  Saunders, Kenneth. “A Forward Move in Africa.” Southern Workman 49 (February 1920).

  Savage, Donald C., and J. Forbes Munro. “Carrier Corps Recruitment in the British East Africa Protectorate.” Journal of African History 7:2 (1966).

  Seldes, George. “Faking Ethiopian News.” New Masses, 19 May 1936, 13–14.

  Shepperson, George. “Notes on American Negro Influences on the Emergence of African Nationalism.” Journal of African History 1:2 (1960).

  Sisulu, W[alter]. M. “The Development of African Nationalism.” India Quarterly 10:3 (July/September 1954): 206.

  “6,000 Mourn Dr. Xuma.” Post (Johannesburg), 4 February 1962.

  Small, Sasha. “Way Down South, 1: Georgia Is Misunderstood.” New Masses, 20 August 1935, 11–13.

  Solomon, Mark. “Black Critics of Colonialism and the Cold War.” In Cold War Critics: Alternatives to American Foreign Policy in the Truman Years. Edited by Thomas G. Paterson. Chicago: Quadrangle Press, 1971.

  Spivak, John L. “Mussolini’s Soldiers Are Deserting.” New Masses, 21 January 1936, 11–13.

  Strachey, John. “Blackmailing Ethiopia.” New Masses, 17 December 1935.

  Stuart, Herbert. “Colonel Newcome in Dar es Salaam.” Young Men of India 29:1 (January 1918): 27–31.

  Sykes, E. W. “Wherever There Is a Y.M.C.A. Hut.” Outspan, 2 June 1944, 27, 50.

  Taylor, Alexander. “The Negro and the Parties.” New Masses, 14 July 1936, 7.

  Tobias, Channing H. “The Colored YMCA.” Crisis 9:1 (November 1919): 33–36.

  Webster, C. R. “Wide Open Africa.” Association Men (New York) 43:6 (February 1918): 432–33.

  “What South Africa Is Doing to Keep White Supremacy (Interview with South Africa’s Foreign Minister Eric H. Louw).” U.S. News and World Report, 22 July 1955, 58–63.

  “While I Think of It: East and Central Africa Social Survey.” Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg), 5 August 1947. (Re: F. Neugebauer.)

  Wickins, Peter L. “The One Big Union Movement among Black Workers in South Africa.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 7:3 (1975).

  Wittner, Lawrence S. “The National Negro Congress: A Reassessment.” American Quarterly 12:4 (Winter 1970): 883–901.

  Wright, Richard. “Joe Louis Uncovers Dynamite.” New Masses, 8 October 1935, 18–19.

  ———. “Two Million Black Voices.” New Masses, 25 February 1936, 15.

  ———. “High Tide in Harlem: Joe Louis as a Symbol of Freedom.” New Masses, 5 July 1938, 18–20.

  Index

  ABAKO (Association des Bakongo [Bakongo Alliance]), 258

  Accommodationism, 5, 45. See Washington, Booker T.

  Acheson, Dean, U.S. Secretary of State 1948 communication with South African government regarding Yergan, 234

  Act of Union (1909) South Africa, 48

  Adams College (Amanzimtoti), 66

  Africa, vii, 2, 3

  Africa, The West and Christianity (Yergan), 86–89. See also World Student Christian Federation (WCSF)

  African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), 8, 11

  in South Africa, 49, 57

  African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, 8

  African National Congress (ANC), 171, 183, 240

  All African Convention and, 153

  Defiance Campaign against unjust laws, 243–46

  formerly South African Native National Congress (SANNC), 48, 59

  resolution thanking CAA for Middle-drift drought assistance, 224

  Yergan memorandum on communist leaders (1951), 240

  African Redemption, 1, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 45

  African training and elite formation, 65–66, 176

  African-American communist émigrés to Soviet Union, 161

  African-Americans, vii, 2

  academic education for, 12

  African Diaspora and, 39

  and India, 2

  and South Africa, 2

  Aggrey, Dr. James E. K., 41, 42, 44, 64, 70, 75, 208

  aids Yergan in candidacy for South African secretaryship, 42–44

  death of, 67

  Akpabio, Ibanga Udo, president of African Students Association

  attends Council on African Affairs Conference (1944), 213

  Alice, Eastern Cape village of, South Africa, 46

  All African Convention (AAC), 152–54, 169–70, 172, 173

  African National Congress and, 153

  Hertzog Bills and, 152

  A. B. Xuma’s political assessments regarding, 173

  Yergan as external secretary of, 170–74

  Yergan’s dedication prompts Tsotsi to join, 134, 153

  Alpha Phi Alpha (Black fraternity) convention (1928), 78

  Amakholwa/Amaqoboka converts to Christianity, 47

  Amanzimtoti. See Adams College

  American African Affairs Associat
ion (AAAA), 255–70

  American Afro-Asian Educational Exchange, 262

  American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 49

  American Colonization Society, 10

  American Committee for Aid to Katanga Freedom Fighters, 261

  American Federation of Labor (AFL). See International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (IFCTU)

  Anderson, Marian, performs on behalf of CAA Middledrift drought relief campaign, 221

  Anglo-Boer War (South African War [1899–1902]), 48

  Angola, (Portuguese West Africa), 265

  colonial rule in, 260–61, 265

  Yergan travels to, 260–61

  Anthony, Frank, Anglo-Indian activist, 226

  Apartheid. See “Separate development”

  Appasamy, A. J., on uplift of American Negroes through industrial education, 23

  Appleget, Thomas Baird, receives Yergan’s description of success of Fort Hare Bantu-European Conference, 112

  Aptheker, Herbert, Communist Party official, activist, on late-life encounter with Yergan, 262

  Arli-Titz, Coretta. See African-American communist émigrés to Soviet Union

  Army intelligence surveillance of Yergan, 209, 211

  Ashbrook, Congressman John M., visits Southern Rhodesia with Yergan, 265–68

  Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition, Booker T. Washington speaks to (1895), 8–9

  Atlanta University, 15

  Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi, 180, 220

  Ballinger, W. G., at Fort Hare Bantu-European Conference, 104

  Ballou, Frederick Douglass, 27–28

  drowns off Dar es Salaam coast, 32

  Bandung Asian-African Conference of Nonaligned Nations, (1956), 248–250

  Bangalore, India, 16

  Yergan in, 19–24

  Bantu World, 177

  Bantu-European Student Christian Association Conference (June 1930), 106–12, 146–47. See also Fort Hare Native College

  Baptist Church, African American, 8, 11, 12

  and South Africa, 49

  Barnes, Leonard, and ICAA, 178, 193

  Basner, Hyman M., senator and sometime Communist in South Africa, 226

  Basutoland (Lesotho), 54