The Gap

by Thomas Suddendorf

  266oldest indication of violence: Keeley, 1996; Thorpe, 2003.

  266northern Iraq (Shanidar 3): Churchill et al., 2009.

  266The jaw of a 30,000-year-old: Ramirez Rozzi et al., 2009.

  266paradigm shift: Gibbons, 2011.

  266African data also suggest interbreeding: Hammer et al., 2011.

  Chapter 12: Quo Vadis?

  269eight times the biomass: Smil, 2002.

  270the first script was: Schmandt-Besserat, 1992.

  270(Footnote 2) Those who continued: Brody, 2000.

  271historical novel Creation: Vidal, 1981.

  271(Footnote 3) Stanislas Dehaene: Dehaene, 2009.

  272“The library connects us: Sagan, 1980, p. 282.

  273Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: See http://royalsocietypublishing.org/journals/.

  274Systema Naturae: Linnaeus, 1758.

  275to make models and predictions: e.g., Borjeson et al., 2006.

  275recognized as global problems: Diamond, 2005; Singer, 2002.

  278Darwinian man: Gilbert & Sullivan, 2010.

  278critical to complement the genetic data: Varki et al., 1998.

  278narrow down the search space: Suddendorf & Butler, 2013.

  280genetic changes in human populations: Milot et al., 2011.

  280brain sizes decreased: McAuliffe, 2010.

  280brain size and IQ: McDaniel, 2005.

  280“I do not know with what: Johnson, 2005.

  281Countless civilizations have collapsed: Diamond, 2005.

  281we have domesticated ourselves: e.g., Hare et al., 2012.

  281overall decline in violence: Pinker, 2011a.

  282Some evidence suggests that brain size: Jantz, 2001.

  283Plan it for the apes: See the website of the Great Apes Survival Partnership (GRASP): http://www.un-grasp.org.

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