Olympias
Page 38
with Philip 27–8, 38; battle of
of 44, 75, 76, 126–7, 136; trained
Chaeroneia 31; at wedding
as a warrior 72, 97; at war with
symposium 31–2, 35; illegitimacy
Olympias 73, 74–5, 96–7
32–3; exile of 32, 35–6, 154; exile
Admetas 7, 9
of friends 37; succeeds Philip 38;
Aeacid royal family 5–6, 8, 9–10, 107,
expedition to Asia 39, 40;
138, 188; marriage policy 10;
implication in murder of Philip
succession to throne 10–11; loyalty
39–40; early years of reign 42,
to 11; at Macedonian court 26;
43; hegemon of Corinthian League
perceived insult to 36; and Epirote
43; attempts to persuade him to
Alliance 52–3; and Antipatrids 53;
marry 48; claims to be ruler of
demise of 104, 135
Persian Empire 48; believes
Aeacides (son of Arybbas) 9, 10–11,
himself to be son of Zeus
126; King of Molossia 67–8, 74,
Ammon 48, 102–3, 110, 119,
81; revolt of army 81, 106, 135
154; marriages of 49; invasion
Aeacids 105, 162
of India 49; Exiles’ Decree 49, 51;
Aegae 20–1, 30
correspondence with Olympias
Aelian 179
49, 53–4, 55, 56–7, 112; and
Aeschines 160, 163
Antipater 52, 58–9, 110, 131–2;
Aesclepius 7, 14, 95
trial of Amyntas 55, 56; gifts to
Aetolians 80
friends and officials 56–7, 166–7,
afterlife 89, 99
190; and Hephaestion 57; death
Agis, defeat by Antipater 52
of 59, 63–4; cult at Samothrace 95;
Alcetas I (son of Tharyps) 9
religious beliefs 185; Dionysaic
Alcetas (son of Arybbas) 9, 11, 47,
cult 98, 100; and deification of
106, 143–4
Olympias 101–2; believes himself
Alcetas (son of Aeacides) 11
to be divine 102–3, 110, 119,154;
Alcetas (brother of Perdiccas) 72, 85,
in Alexander Romance 111–13;
86, 87
Roman interest in 117–20,
Alexander I 9
122–4
Alexander III (the Great) 14, 21, 78,
Alexander of Molossia (brother of
86; heroic ancestors 5–6, 141;
Olympias) 105, 107; relationship
214 Index
with Olympias 28–9; lover of
and polygamy 21; demise of 60, 84,
Philip? 28, 29, 36; and exile of
104, 136; Cassander and 84
Olympias 36–7; marriage to
Aristobulus 129, 131
Cleopatra 37; death of 32
Aristonous 54, 80, 81,173; death of
Alexander IV 62, 68, 84, 169–70, 173;
82, 84
regents of 68; Olympias and 70, 71,
Aristotle 6, 25, 161
73; cult at Samothrace 95; murder
Arrhidaeus (Philip’s son) see Philip
of 108
Arrhidaeus
Alexander, Lyncestian 56
Arrian (Lucius Flavius Arrianus) 28,
Alexander (son of Aeropus) 156–7
37, 56, 102, 141, 152, 156, 166,
Alexander Romance 34, 53, 63, 103,
167, 174; on trial of Amyntas 55;
118, 122, 124, 128, 138, 189;
on Olympias’ feud with Antipater
Olympias’ part in 110–13
58–9, 66, 131–2
Alexander Severus 118, 120, 122
Arybbas (uncle of Olympias) 7, 9,
Amyntas III (father of Philip) 101
67–8, 169; successors to 10–11,
Amyntas (nephew of Philip) 33, 40,
143; betrothal of Olympias 13,
156; death of 43, 72; marriage to
14–15, 94; court of 17; exiled by
Cynnane 72
Philip 29; sons of 144
Amyntas (son of Andromenes) 130;
Arybbas (royal bodyguard) 29, 54
trial of 55–6, 163
Aryptaeus 67–8
Anaxinus of Orens 160
Asirvatham, S.R. 179, 183, 186, 195
ancestry of Olympias 6, 15, 17–18, 63,
assassinations 11, 20, 27, 40; of Philip
85, 86
38–40, 128
Andromacha (wife of Aryybas) 7, 14,
Athenaeus 96, 160; Deipnosophistai
140, 144
21
Andromache 5, 6
Athenians 9, 178; alliances with 11;
Andronicos, M. 189, 190
Olympias and 51; oracle at Dodona
Anson, E. 194
91, 92
Antigonus 70, 76; and body of Alcetas
Attalids 187
85, 86
Attalus 30, 132, 165; questions
Antigonus Gonatas 108, 172
Alexander’s legitimacy 21, 31–2,
Antipater 31, 39, 48, 111; feud with
34–5, 133, 154; relationship with
Olympias 30, 52, 53, 57–9, 66,
Philip 33–4, 38; death of 43, 44,
67–8, 81, 162–3; military control in
157
absence of Alexander 42, 49–50;
Audata (wife of Philip) 21, 22, 23, 72
extradition of Harpalus 51;
Augustine, Saint 124
influence with Alexander 52, 56,
Augustus, Emperor of Rome 117
126; and death of Alexander 63–4,
Aulus Gellius 119, 191
110; and Cleopatra 66; marriage
Aurelius Antonius (Caracalla) 118,
initiatives 66, 168; alliance against
120, 122, 191
67; death of 68; and Adea Eurydice
Austin, M.M. 168
72–3; deathbed warning 75, 78–9,
123
Baalbeck, mosaics at 124
Antipater (son of Cassander) 108,
Babylon: as Alexander’s base 49;
109
dissension at court after death of
Antipatrids 108, 109; Olympias
Alexander 62
blames for Alexander’s death 63–4,
Badian, E. 154, 155, 165, 166, 185,
71–2, 77, 79
195
Aphrodite 93–4, 180
Bardylis 22
Apollo 108; dedication of gold crowns
Barsine 61
for 96, 136
Bauman, R.A. 172, 174
Archelaus 20, 98; murder of 39
Baynham, E.J. 159–60
Argead royal family 20, 108–9, 138;
benefactions 50–1, 52
loyalty to 11; and regicide 20, 39;
Berve, H. 151
Index 215
Bieber, M. 190
Craterus 49, 59, 62, 66, 110, 164
Blackwell, C.W. 161, 163, 164, 165
Cratevas 84
Blundell, M.W. 184
Cross, G.N. 143, 163, 169
Bosworth, A.B. 152, 159, 166, 167,
cult practices 89–90; initiations to 13,
168, 171, 173, 175, 186, 189
94–5
burial, refusal of 77, 84, 85–7
Curtius (Quintus Curtius Rufus) 77,
Burkert, W. 179, 181
86, 95, 129–30, 162, 174; on trial
of Amyntas 55; on death of
Cabanes, P. 141, 143, 163, 164, 188
Alexander 63; on Olympias 101–2,
Cadmeia (daughter of Cleopatra) 52,
130; on death of Philip 156–7
67, 169
Cynnane (daughter
of Philip) 21, 72,
Cadmus, marriage to Harmonia 93, 94
145, 170
Callas 80
Callisthenes 102, 131, 186; authorship
Dakaris, S. 178
of Alexander Romance attributed to
Deidameia (daughter of Aeacides) 104,
111
170, 173
cameos, of Alexander and Olympias
Deidameia (daughter of Olympias II)
114–17, 118
107
Caracalla (Aurelius Antonius) 118,
deities, dedications to 88, 90–1. 95–6
120, 122, 191
Delos, monument to Apollo 108
Carney, E.D. 149, 153, 155, 159
Delphi 49, 110; dedication by
Cassander (son of Antipater) 126, 135,
Olympias 96
170; and Polyperchon 68, 69, 70;
Demand, N. 141, 150
feud with Olympias 68, 71–2,
Demaratus 133
79–80, 85, 87, 129; murders of
Demetrius II of Macedonia 105
family 75, 76, 77; return to
Demosthenes 3
Macedonia 79–80; battle with
Dicaearchus 21
Olympias 80–2; Molossian troops
Dillon, M.P. 177, 182, 184
alliance with 81, 105–6; trial of
Diodorus 44, 48, 51, 52, 57, 67,
Olympias 82–4; and Alcetas 106;
125–7, 159, 162, 168, 178; on
links with Alexander 108; no
downfall of Lyncestrian Alexander
popular revolt against 108–9
56, 166; on feud between Olympias
Chaeroneia, battle of (338) 31
and Antipater 59, 126; on death of
Cicero 118
Alexander 63, 126; on Olympias’
civil war 62, 68
alliance with Polyperchon 69–70,
Cleitarchus 125, 128, 129, 130
70–1, 126; on Adea Eurydice 74,
Cleitus, death of 49
171; on Olympias’ behavior after
Cleopatra (wife of Philip) 7, 8, 33;
victory 75, 76, 77, 126–7;
marriage to Philip 31, 34; children
Cassander 77, 81, 106, 108, 127,
of 35, 153; death of 43–7, 157–8
172, 174; on death of Olympias
Cleopatra (daughter of Olympias) 21,
82–3, 85, 86, 87, 127; on death of
26, 53, 169; relationship with
Hephaestion 126; treatment of
Olympias 28, 52, 164; marriage to
Olympias 126–7, 191, 194; on siege
Alexander of Molossia 37, 155;
of Pydna 127; on Cleopatra’s
benefactions 51; regent 52;
marriage to Alexander of Molossia
remarriage 65–7, 145; wealth of 65;
155; on Attalus 157; on
in Sardis 66–7
Macedonian war 173, 174
Cleopatra the Great 135–6
Dion, cult to Olympian Zeus 89
Cole, S.G. 180, 181, 184
Dione, statue of 91, 92
Companions 20, 37, 38, 138
Dionysius of Syracuse 9
contorniates 122–3
Dionysus: cult of in Macedonia 89, 96,
Corinthian League 43
97, 98–100; Olympias’ interest in
Cothelas 21
96, 97–8, 99–100; worship of 98–9,
Courby, F. 189
183–4
216 Index
diplomacy, role of royal women in
Habicht, C. 195
50–1
Hamilton, J.R. 167
Dodona 8, 94; oracle of Zeus at 89,
Hammond, N.G. 140, 141, 143, 164,
91, 142, 178
170, 171, 172, 173, 177, 188
Dover, K.J. 159
Harmonia 93, 94
Dressel, H. 193
Harpalus 51, 54, 131, 161–2
Droysen, G. 164
Harvey, D. 141–2
Duris 74, 96–7, 184, 194
Harris, W.V. 158
dynastic murders 45–6; of children
Hecataeus 157
47
Heckel, W. 140, 146, 151, 152, 153,
155, 156, 165, 166
Edson, C. 187
Hecuba 6
elite women ( see also royal women):
Hephaestion 133; Olympias and 57,
Greek 7–8; role in public funerary
126, 167
ritual 63; in Roman tradition 119;
Heracles, Alexander depicted as 122,
drinking 142
123
Ellis, J.R. 145
Heracles (son of Alexander) 61
Epictetus 131
Heraeum 109
epimeleia 70, 78
Herman, G. 161
Epirote Alliance 10, 52–3, 105, 163–4
Hermolaus, conspiracy of 49
Epirote army, alliance with Cassander
Herodian 120, 191
81, 105–6, 173
heroic deaths 84–5, 135–6; of
Epirotes 12, 81; and Aeacides 106;
Olympias 82, 84, 85
hatred of Olympias 81, 174
Hertel, D. 190, 192
Epirus 8, 11–12, 53
Hetairoi (Companions) 20, 37, 38,
Eratosthenes 102
138
Erigyius 54, 165
Hieronymus of Cardia 76, 125–6, 127,
Eumenes 30, 66, 86, 125, 195; loyalty
171, 172, 194
to Olympias 54, 70–1; death of 81,
Hoepfner, W. 142
194
Homer 85, 86, 118, 136, 140, 175
Euripedes 5, 6, 98; Trojan W omen 47; Hornblower, J. 171, 172, 173
Bacchae 98
Hygieia, dedication to 49, 95–6
Europa (daughter of Philip and
Hyperides 51, 91, 96, 136, 178; on
Cleopatra) 21; death of 43, 45, 47
death of Alexander 63–4
Eurydice (mother of Philip) 24;
dedications to deities 90–1; statues
Illyria 9, 21, 22, 23; invasion of
of 101, 109, 114, 177, 185;
Molossia 17; Alexander in exile in
ethnicity of 154
36
Euxenippus 96
India, Alexander in 49, 101
executions 76, 77–8
infanticide 47
Exiles’ Decree 49, 51
Iolaus (brother of Cassander) 79;
dishonouring of tomb of 75, 76, 85,
Foley, H.P. 150
86, 87
Franke, P.R. 163
Fredricksmeyer, E.A. 182, 185, 186
Jouanno, C. 189, 190, 193, 195
Julia Domna 118, 123
Gagé, J. 192, 193
Julia Mamaea 192
Garnsey, P. 161
Justin (Marcus Junianus Justinus) 25,
gnesios/nothos opposition 32, 34
28, 66, 69, 74, 77, 81, 142, 150,
Golden, M. 159
154, 155, 156, 173, 180, 186;
grain, recipients of 51, 52
names of Olympias 15–16; on
Greece, attitude to royal women 53;
wedding s ymposium 32, 36; on
and Dionysus 98–9
adultery of Olympias 34, 111, 179;
Griffith, G.T. 145
on deaths of Adea Eurydice and
Index 217
Philip Arrhidaeus 75; on trial of
34–5; friendships at 54–5; after
Olympias 82; on death of Olympias
death of Alexander 61–2
84, 175; on Molossian revolt
Macurdy, G.H. 163, 164, 171, 181,
against Aeacides 106; treatment of
184, 186
Olympias 128–9; on deaths of
marriage alliances 12–13, 13–15,
Cleopatra and Europa 153, 158
21–2, 22–3, 181
marriages: close-kin 10; for political
kinship 50
reasons 12–13, 22, 34; Greek
Klotzsch, C. 140
practice 15; security via 65
Kottaridi, A. 176
masculine sexuality 26–7, 29
Kron, U. 177
Maxwell-Stuart, P.G. 180
Meda (wife of Philip 21, 22, 147
laments 63
Megalopolis, siege of 126
Lamian War 64, 65, 67
Mendels, D. 161
Langarus 154
Milns, R.D. 146
Laomedon 165
Mirón-Pérez, M.D. 172, 175
Lapatin, K. 185–6
Mitchell, L.G. 160–1
legality, in Macedonian society 86
Molossia 8–9, 52, 67; women in 7–8;
legitimacy 32, 34, 86
history of 9; monarchy in 9–10, 11;
Leonidas, tutor of Alexander 2, 29
Olympias’ role in 51, 52; in alliance
Leonnatus 54, 65, 168
against Antipater 67; reputation of
Liber de Morte Testamentoque
Olympias 105; hostility to
Alexandri 109–10
monarchy 107
Livy 162
Molossian court 5, 8, 9–10, 11, 105–8;
Lucian 119, 179
heroic genealogy and 5–6; female
Lysimachus 77, 135, 172, 173
behaviour 6–7, 7–8; succession
10–11; compared with Macedonian
Macedonia: role of women in 7–8,
court 11–12, 17; attitude to female
172; invasion by Illyrians 19;
rulers 107
history of 20; monarchy 20; elite of
monarchy 27–8, 53, 59
20; consolidation of borders 20, 22;
Monimus 81
royal women 30–1, 53; sexual
Mortensen, C. 145, 146, 148, 149,
relations between rulers and ruled
151, 152, 179, 180, 181
36; effect of Philip’s murder 40;
mother–son relationships 27, 28
political violence after death of
Muses, cult of 90
Alexander 61–2, 68–9, 79;
murders 75–6, 77–8; by women 45–6,
Antipater and 68–9; loyalty to royal
129
family 69, 79; Olympias and 75,
Myrtale (other name of Olympias 16,
78–9, 81–3, 84, 127; laws 77, 78,
93
86; religious cults in 89–90, 91,
Myrtilus 151
98–9; memory of Olympias in
myrtle 93–4, 180
108–9; view of Alexander in 108–9,
119; Macedonian army: resentment
name changes 15–16, 93
in 48–9; and Alexander’s succession
Nau, E. 192
62; defects to Olympias 74–5, 97,
Nearchus 54, 165
99
Nectanebo 111–12, 113, 189
Macedonian coins, images of
Neoptolemus (father of Olympias) 5,
Alexander and Olympias on 122,
9, 17, 169
123
Neoptolemus (son of Cleopatra of
Macedonian court 57; compared with
Molossia) 52, 67, 107