These Truths
Page 120
as Republican leader, 536–37, 556–57, 572–73
resignation of, 594, 644–45, 645
as vice president, 571–72, 579–80, 586
vice-presidential campaign of (1952), 561–63
vice-presidential campaign of (1956), 571–72
and Vietnam War, 632, 642
War on Drugs, 699
Watergate scandal, 641–42, 643–45, 688
White House surveillance, 639–40
“Nixonland,” 572
Nock, Albert Jay, 447–48
Non-Importation Act (1806), 171
no-platform movement, 703
Nordic race, 392
Norfolk, Va., 299
Norris, J. Frank, 390, 392
North:
antislavery societies in, 205
Indians in, 212
North, Lord, 91–92, 101
North Africa, 11
North America, English colonization of, see American colonies, British
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 699
North Atlantic Treaty (1949), 539
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 539
North Carolina, income tax in, 301
North Carolina, University of, 497
North Dakota:
creation of, 332
farm cooperatives in, 336
Northern Democratic Party, 288
Northern Pacific Railway, 335
North Korea, 560
North Star, 249
North Vietnam, 399
Northwestern University, 340
Northwest Ordinance, 124–25
Northwest Territory, 114, 124–25
Norton, Louise, 440
Norton, Malcolm, 440
Norwegian Americans, 208
Notes (Madison), 240–41, 256–57
Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 161
Nova Scotia, free blacks in, 107
nuclear war, 522, 524–25, 531, 532, 538–39, 570, 571, 586, 587
nuclear weapons, 680, 681–82, 683
nuclear winter, 681–83
Nueces Strip, 243
nullification, 217–18, 239
Nuremberg Laws, 466
Nye, Gerald P., 445, 446
Obama, Barack, 441, 519, 722, 725–26, 728, 748, 750–55, 751, 759–60, 763, 764, 765–66
Obama, Hussein, 751
Obama, Michelle Robinson, 752
Obergefell, James, 769
Obergefell v. Hodges, 768–69
Oberlin College, 366
“Objective Method for Determining Reader Interest in the Content of a Newspaper, An” (Gallup), 454–55
Observation on the Inslaving, Importing and Purchasing of Negroes (Benezet), 76
“Observations concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, &c” (Franklin), 69
“Observations on Reading History” (Franklin), xv Occupy movement, 726, 758–59
Ochs, Adolph, 349
Office of Facts and Figures, 488, 489–91
Office of Naval Research, U.S., 545
Office of Price Administration, 487
Office of Scientific Research and Development, 488
Office of War Information, 485, 491, 492, 515
Ohio:
as free state, 176
gun laws in, 445
movement to, 221
Ohio Country Republican Women’s Club, 550, 556
Ohrduf, 512, 513, 513
Oil and Gas Conservation Act, 572
oil crisis (1970s), 657, 680
oil industry, 572
O.K. Corral, 445
Oklahoma, gun laws in, 445
Old-age Home Guard of the United States Army, 377
old-age pensions, 377, 378
Old Fashioned Revival Hour (radio show), 461
Old-Time Gospel Hour (TV show), 663
Olympics (1968), 628
Omaha, Neb., 333
“On Computable Numbers” (Turing), 523
One Goh, 764–65
101st Airborne Division, U.S., 586
One World or None: A Report on the Full Meaning of the Atomic Bomb, 526
One World (Willkie), 492
“one world” vision, 538
On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 284, 348
OPEC oil embargo, 657, 680
Operation Rescue, 702
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 516, 526
Oregon, 242, 260, 324, 494
blacks barred from, 280–81
female ten-hour law in, 381
women’s voting rights in, 386
Oregon Territory, 235, 242
Oregon Trail, 242
originalism, 677, 678–79, 684, 685, 687–88
origin stories, 6–7, 9
Orion, 508
O’Sullivan, John, 199, 243
Other People’s Money and How the Bankers Use It (Brandeis), 388
Otis, James, Jr., 80, 86, 88
on women’s equality, 87
Ottoman Empire, 390, 426
Our Enemy, the State (Nock), 447
“Our Invisible Poor” (Macdonald), 611–12
Outer Banks, N.C., 28–29
Out of Our Past (Degler), xviii
Owen, Robert, 194
Pacific Gas and Electric, 449
Pacific Railway Act, 332–33
Pacific Telephone and Telegraph, 450
“Packaged Society,” 528
Paine, Thomas, xvii, 34, 95–96, 110–11, 142
French Revolution and, 142
on right of revolution, 95–96
Palin, Sarah, 755, 760
Pan-American Congress, 399
Pané, Ramón, 5–7, 13, 16, 24
Panic of 1792, 140, 141–42, 335, 749
Panic of 1809, 226
Panic of 1819, 207
Panic of 1837, 225–26, 225
Panic of 1873, 335
Panic of 1893, 347
paper currency, 220–21, 333
paper mills, 559
Parent Teacher Association (PTA), 380
Paris, Treaty of (1783), 107, 114, 123
Paris Peace Conference, 398–400, 414
Parker, Alton B., 376
Parker, Theodore, 246–47
Parker, William, 623
Parks, Rosa, 582–84
Parliament:
Coercive Acts passed by, 89, 90, 91
divine right of kings challenged by, 39–40, 42
English Civil War and, 48
Franklin’s appearance before, 83–84
popular sovereignty and, 49
slave trade abolished by, 172
and taxation of American colonies, 81, 82, 88–89, 91–92
partisanship, see political polarization
party caucuses, 159–60
party system, 211
Passing of the Great Race, The (Grant), 392, 408
passports, 314–16
Patent Office, U.S., 198
Patman, Wright, 505
Patriarcha (Filmer), 54
Patriot Act (2001), 744, 748, 765
Patterson, John, 605, 608
Patton, George, 512
Paul, Alice, 393, 394, 431
“Paul Revere’s Ride” (Longfellow), 285
PayPal, 735
payroll taxes, 439, 532
peace, democracy and, 395
Peace Corps, 602
peace dividend, 538
peace movement, and Vietnam War, 628–29, 633
peace societies, 207
Pearl Harbor attack (1941), 484, 487, 494, 537
Peck, Gregory, 688–89
Penn, William, 51, 51
Pennsylvania:
abolition law in, 106
constitution of, 112–13
income tax in, 301
slavery in, 123
Pennsylvania, University of, 530
Pennsylvania Abolition Society, 135
Pennsylvania colony, Charter of, 51
Pennsylvania Gazette, 61, 137
Pennsylvania Society
for the Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, 92, 114, 124
Penobscots, 215, 216
pensions, 377, 378
Pentagon, 487, 720, 722
Pentagon Papers, 640–41, 743
People’s Party, 343–44, 346–47, 350, 364
People’s Presidential Candidate, The, 227–28
People v. Hall, 325
Pequots, enslavement of, 45, 48
Pequot War (1637), 45, 48
Perkins, Frances, 436, 437
Perle, Richard, 682
Perlman, Nathan D., 408
Permanent Indian Territory, 262–63
Perot, Ross, 706
Persian Gulf War, 707
Peters, Frank, 136
Peterson, Elly, 617
Peurifoy, John, 550
Philadelphia, Pa.:
AME church opened in, 202
British capture of, 101
free blacks in, 106
Great Migration to, 371
religious riots in, 209
Working Men’s Party formed in, 207
Philadelphia & Reading Rail Road, 347
Philadelphia Inquirer, 268
Philadelphia Negro, The (Hose), 370
Philippine-American War, 368–69
Philippines:
missionaries in, 366
in Spanish-American War, 367–68
Philippine Sea, Battle of, 506
Phillips, Carl, 469
Phillips, Kevin, 632, 636
Phillips, Wendell, 276, 321
philosophes, 256
Phoenix, 213
photography, 248, 272–74, 460
Pickering, Timothy, 159, 164
Pierce, Walter, 459
Pilgrim’s Progress (Bunyan), 192, 371
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 160, 164
slaves of, 79
Pinckney, Thomas, 158
Pintard, John, 140–41
Pitt, William, the Elder, 78
Pittsburgh Courier, 501
Plains, 337
Planned Parenthood, 649, 686
Plan of Campaign, 532, 547
plantations, 202
Plato, 50
“Plea for Captain John Brown, A” (Thoreau), 284
“Plea for Free Speech” (Douglass), 288–89, 291
“Plea for the Temperance Ballot for Women, A,” speech (Lease), 339
Pledge of Allegiance, 569
Plessy, Homer, 358
Plessy v. Ferguson, 358–60, 369, 381, 498, 576, 578, 579, 687
Plouffe, David, 759
Plymouth colony, 40
Plymouth Company, 33
Podesta, Tony, 760
Poe, Edgar Allan, 252
Poems on Slavery (Longfellow), 284–85
Poland, 240, 400, 426, 427, 535
German invasion of, 473, 474, 487
polio vaccinations, 570
political campaigning:
election of 1800
and, 159, 160, 160
Jackson and, 182
newspapers and, 160–61
paraphernalia of, 183
political consensus (1960s), 591–93, 633–34, 672–73
political consulting, 448–52
Democratic Party, 636–37
and Nixon, 632, 636
and Reagan, 625
and social issues, 648
political correctness, 703
Political Debates Between Hon. Abraham Lincoln and Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, 286–87
political equality:
Locke and, 34
Paine on, 34
as U.S. founding principle, xiv–xv
Political Man (Lipset), 591
political parties:
ratification debate and, 129
rise of, 62, 63
Washington’s warning against, 146
see also two-party system
political polarization, 545–46
and abortion, 647, 658, 667–68, 676
and Clinton ethics investigations, 710–11
and gun control debate, 647–48, 676, 679
and identity politics, 701–2, 703
and Internet, 648
late 1960s increase in, 594, 636–39
and media, 704, 707–8
and 1970s economic malaise, 658
1990s, 691–92
and Nixon administration, 636, 637–39, 643
and polling industry, 667
and Reagan administration, 683
and Schlafly, 658–59
and southern strategy, 636, 656, 667
and Supreme Court, 688–90
and technology, 666, 668
and Vietnam War, 643
and women’s rights, 691–92
see also culture wars
political science, 348
politics:
change in, 525–26
debates in, 570–71
domestic, 536
issues in, 565–66, 570–71
parties in, 545–46
power in, 522, 576
quantification of, 156
“vital center” of, 553
warfare and, 539
Politics (Aristotle), 21
Polk, James K.:
desire for empire of, 242–43, 250
in election of 1844, 237, 238, 243
polling industry, 667, 705
Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company, 348, 376
polls, opinion, 542–46, 557, 560, 565–66
Pollsters: Public Opinion, Politics, and Democratic Leadership, The (Rogers), 543–44
poll taxes, 542
pollution, 680
Polo, Marco, 13
polygenists, 256
Pontiac, 81
Pool, Ithiel de Sola, 597–99, 603–4, 635
Poor Richard’s Almanack, 66, 79, 81
Pope, Alexander, 62
popular sovereignty, 261
in American colonies, 50
as legal fiction, 48
representation and, 49, 83, 122
as U.S. founding principle, xiv–xv
populism, 563
Jackson and, 181
populist movement, 330–32, 336–38, 364
Coughlin’s radio show on, 461
folded into Democratic Party, 364–65
gradual income tax pushed by, 345, 346
monopolies opposed by, 343
Progressives vs., 364–65, 371
racism of, 343–44
secret ballot pushed by, 344
state as bulwark against, 348–49
TR’s pursuit of policies of, 375–76
women in, 332, 339–40
Porfirio Díaz, José de la, 409
Portland Oregonian, 449
Portugal:
in exploration of Africa, 11
in slave trade, 11–12, 18, 38, 46
territorial claims of, 15–16
postmodernism, 636
poststructuralism, 636
poverty:
and Johnson administration, 611, 611, 612, 618–19, 622–23, 629
and Kennedy administration, 611–12
and Reagan administration, 671
Powell, Colin, 745
Powell, Lewis, 685, 687
Powell, Thomas, 403
“power elites,” 566
power looms, 193, 194
Powhatan, 31–32, 31, 36–37, 54
“Practicability of Equalizing Men and Women Before the Law, The” (Roosevelt), 343
prayer meetings, 569
Precision Journalism (Meyer), 667
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, 297
Presbyterianism, 51, 201, 569
president, U.S.:
duties of, 134
elections of, 156–58
presidential elections:
and data science, 597–99
debates, 705–7
1960, 597–601, 601
1964, 613–17, 621
1968, 629–30, 631–33
1972, 641–42
1976, 659,
664–66, 705
1980, 669, 676, 696, 705
1984, 683, 696, 706
1988, 706
1992, 648, 693, 697, 698, 706
2000, 715–18, 717
see also elections, U.S.; specific presidents, politicians, and polictical parties
press, freedom of the, 49–50, 59, 60, 137
Alexander’s advocacy of, 61–62
Franklin’s advocacy of, 61
Stamp Act and, 82–83
Zenger trial and, 62–63, 64
see also media
Prince of Wales, 483
Princeton, USS, 232–33, 236, 238
Principles of Scientific Management, The (Taylor), 382
Pringle, Henry, 491
printing press, invention of, 13
privacy, right to, 650, 678, 685, 688
Problem of Civilization Solved, The (Lease), 343–44
Profits of Religion, The (Sinclair), 451
progress, 192, 197–99, 229–30
idea of, capitalism and, 156
Progress and Freedom Foundation, 732
Progress and Poverty (George), 341, 365
Progressive Era, 363–64
Progressive Party, 541
Progressives, 362
fundamentalists mocked by, 392–93
Jim Crow ignored by, 364, 371–72, 38607
progressivism, 348–49, 526
in election of 1912, 385–87
muckraking in, 373
Populists vs., 364–65, 371
reaction against, 403–4
roots of, 364
Prohibition, 397–98
Prohibition Party, 339–40
“Project X,” 557–59
propaganda, 414, 434, 452, 456–57, 578
in World War II, 488
Propaganda (Bernays), 414
property:
Locke on, 53–54
sovereignty and, 53–54
voting rights and, 56, 112–13, 122, 182–83
Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Plantations in America, A (Franklin), 66–67
Proposition 4, 572
Proposition 13 (California), 669
Prospect before Us, The (Callender), 162
Protestantism, 26, 365, 568–69
Protestants, 50
in riots, 209
Ptolemy, Claudius, 11
Public Credit Act, 334
Publick Occurrences, 59
public opinion, 457–59
democracy vs., 452–57
Public Opinion (Lippmann), 401–2, 414, 454
“Public Opinion” (Madison), 144
Public Proclamation 1, 494
public relations, 402, 414
public relations campaigns, 532–34, 546–48, 553–54, 557, 559, 560–61, 572
public schools, 576, 579, 580–87
public transportation, 582–84
Public Works Administration, 437
Pulitzer, Joseph, 349, 350, 352, 366, 367, 375
Pumpkin Papers, 548–49
Purchas, Samuel, 12–13, 59
Puritans, 43, 45
Purnell, Fred S., 408
Pyle, Ernie, 493, 513
Quakers, 50, 51, 113, 135, 205
slavery banned by, 92
slavery denounced by, 75–76
quantification: