The Doctors Blackwell
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hardware business, 184, 191
on Henry’s marriage to Lucy Stone, 187–88
in Jersey City, 14
marriage to Antoinette Brown, 190, 191
move to New Jersey, 191, 220
trip to Asheville, NC, 30
work after father’s death, 21, 22, 28
Blackwell, Sam (brother of Kenyon Blackwell), 87, 89, 192
Blackwell, Samuel (father of Elizabeth and Emily)
antislavery beliefs, 7, 10, 11, 16
in Bristol, England, 6–9, 10–11
death, 19–20, 22
as Dissenter, 6, 9
emigration from England, 5–6, 11
in Jersey City, 12, 16–18
on Long Island, 12
malaria, 12, 19
in New York, 11–12
sugar beets and, 10, 11, 17
sugar refining, 6–7, 11–12, 16, 17
Blackwell’s Island (Roosevelt Island), 138n, 204
Blaney, James Van Zandt, 153
Blockel, Madame, 97
Blockley Almshouse, Philadelphia
about, 58–59
Elizabeth at, 59–66, 69–70, 253
suffering of patients, 58–59, 60–61
syphilis ward, 60, 253
bloodletting, 37, 52, 61, 100
Blot, Claude Philibert Hippolyte
care for Elizabeth’s eye infection, 104–5, 112, 240
friendship with Elizabeth, 100–102, 107–8, 109, 112, 113–14, 240
friendship with Emily, 192
marriage, 114
photograph, 101
Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith
Emily and, 164
Florence Nightingale and, 128
friendship with Elizabeth, 125–26, 164, 211, 219
marriage, 211
move to Algiers, 251
Bodichon, Eugène, 211
Boissonneau, Auguste, 212
Boivin, Marie, 81
Bonheur, Rosa, 194
Booth, Mary Louise, 205
Brainard, Daniel, 152–55, 156–57, 158, 159
Brisbane, Albert, 34
British Medical Register, 223, 247, 252, 267
Brook Farm, 34, 37, 146
Brown, Antoinette (Antoinette Blackwell), 189, 189–91, 192, 194, 210–11
Browning, Robert, 194
brucellosis, 216
Bunker, Chang and Eng, 14
Burnett, Frances Hodgson, 218n
Burrows, George, 122, 130–31
Byron, Anne Isabella Noel, Lady, 127–28, 148, 160, 208–9, 215
calomel, 52, 60, 123, 154, 174
Cameron, Simon, 228–29
Central Medical College in Syracuse, 139, 236, 241
Channing, William Henry, 21–22, 24, 27, 34
Chapman, John, 127
Charrier, Madeleine-Edmée Clémentine, 97, 98, 103
chloroform, 116, 166, 192, 196
cholera, 5, 12, 58, 95
Christmas Annual (Blackwell anthology), 26, 74
Cincinnati English and French Academy for Young Ladies, 20–21, 22
Cincinnati in 1838, 18–19
Civil War
Battle of Cold Harbor, 232
commutation, 230
Draft Riots, 231
Emancipation Proclamation, 231
Fort Sumter attack, 224, 226
nurse recruitment and training, 226, 227–28, 229
start of, 224
United States Sanitary Commission, 229, 230, 233
Women’s Central Association for Relief, 226–30, 227
Clark, Nancy Talbot, 141, 159, 160, 161, 179, 180
Clarkson, Thomas, 10
Cleveland Medical College, 141, 159–60, 179, 180, 181
Code of Ethics (American Medical Association), 158
Cole, Rebecca J., 242
collyrium, 105
Cooper Institute, 226, 227, 228
Contagious Diseases Acts, 253
Cosmo (ship), 5, 11
Counsel to Parents on the Moral Education of their Children in Relation to Sex (Elizabeth Blackwell), 253–54
cross-writing, 14, 15
Crumpler, Rebecca Lee, 242
Currie, James, 65
Cushier, Elizabeth, 260–62, 266
Cushier, Sophie, 261
Dana, Charles, 162
Darrach, William, 38
Dartmouth College, 146–47, 149–50
Davis, Nathan S., 152, 158
Declaration of Sentiments, 67–68
Delamater, John, 141, 159, 160
DeLancey, Margaret, 75, 78
DeLancey, William, 76, 79
de Noailles, Anna Maria Helena Coswell, 212, 218, 223, 231
Desmarres, Louis-Auguste, 116
de Staël, Madame, 12
Dial, The (magazine), 27–28
Dickens, Charles, 200
Dickson, John, 30, 32–33, 35
Dickson, Samuel Henry, 35, 36
dissection
of a beetle, 32
at Geneva College, 54, 71–72
horror felt at the idea, 39, 83
at Jefferson Medical College, 83
at New York Medical College for Women, 244
at Rush Medical College, 153
vivisection, 154, 256
Dissenters from Church of England, 6, 9, 11, 21
Dix, Dorothea, 228, 229–30, 232
Dolley, Sarah, 139, 241
Draft Riots in New York, 231
Dred Scott decision, 207
Dubois, Paul Antoine, 94, 98, 102, 109
Du Bois, W. E. B, 66n
Dudley Castle, 88
du Potet, Jules Denis, Baron, 93–94, 106, 257
Eclectic medical schools, 139, 196, 236, 241
Eclectics, 37, 139, 237
École de Médecine, 92–93
Edgeworth, Maria, 12
Elder, Sarah, 38, 82, 84
Elder, William, 38, 59, 82, 90–91, 202, 232–33
Eliot, George (Mary Ann Evans), 127
Emancipation Proclamation, 231
Emmet, Thomas Addis, 199
English Woman’s Journal, 211–12, 219, 221
Ether, as anesthetic, 116, 154
Evans, John, 152, 153
Evans, Mary Ann (George Eliot), 127
Faraday, Michael, 127
February Revolution of 1848 (France), 90
Female Medical College of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), 139, 196, 235, 236, 241, 242
Field, George White, 72, 77, 83
fistula repair, 81n, 180, 195, 260
Flint, Austin, 47, 80, 243
Follen, Eliza Lee Cabot, 127
Fort Sumter, 224, 226
Fourier, Charles, 22, 34, 66, 73
Fowler, Lydia Folger, 139
Fowler, Orson and Lorenzo, 14–15
Fox, Margaretta and Catherine, 117–18
Francis, John Wakefield, 150–51
Freer, Joseph Warren, 153
Fuller, Margaret, 27–28, 69, 133, 138, 217, 249
Gall, Franz Joseph, 14–15
Garrett Anderson, Elizabeth, 219, 239, 240n, 241, 250, 251
Garrison, William Lloyd, 16, 184, 185
Geneva Medical College
admission of Elizabeth, 41–45
description of, 41–42
education standards in 1847, 50–51
Elizabeth’s first term, 45–56
Elizabeth’s second term, 71–75
graduation ceremony in 1849, 75–79
merger with Syracuse University, 42n
oral examinations, 51, 56, 75, 76
rejection of Emily, 140
student reactions to Elizabeth, 41–42, 43, 47–48, 49, 56, 75, 76
germ theory of disease, 63, 65, 80, 253
Girl with a Platter of Fruit (Titian), 113
gonorrhea, 104
gorget, 81n
Gräfenberg sanatorium, 114–16
grave robbers, 39–40, 42
Greeley, Horace, 133, 138, 150, 162, 199
/> Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, 1
Grimké, Sarah and Angelina, 16
Hale, Benjamin, 77
Hamilton’s boardinghouse, 45, 56
Hamlin, Hannibal, 226
heroic medicine, 51, 88
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 188
Hogarth, William, 121
homeopathy, 37
Hosmer, William H. C., 56–57
Hôtel-Dieu, 94
“How to Keep a Household in Health” (Elizabeth Blackwell), 255–56
Hue, Clement, 122, 192
Human Element in Sex, The (Elizabeth Blackwell), 254–55
Hunterian Museum, 89–90
Hunt, Harriot K., 46–47
hydropathy, or the “water cure,” 37–38, 65, 99–100, 111–12, 114–16
infirmary, see New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children
Institute for Colored Youth, 242
Io Embraced by Jupiter (Correggio), 113–14
Jackson, Andrew, 17
Jackson, Samuel, 38
Jacobi, Abraham, 258
Jacobi, Mary Putnam, 240–41, 249, 251, 258–59, 260, 261
Jameson, Anna Brownell, 126–27
Jane Eyre (Currer Bell/Charlotte Brontë), 109
Jardin des Plantes, 92
Jarvis, 166, 168, 170
Jefferson Medical College, 82–83
Jex-Blake, Sophia, 245, 250–51
Kauffmann, Angelica, 113
Kelley, William Darrah, 233
Kemble, Fanny, 127, 208
Kirtland, Jared Potter, 160
Kissam, Richard Sharpe, 206–7, 221
Lachapelle, Marie-Louise, 81
La Ford, Corydon, 46, 54, 71
Lane, Charles, 13, 14, 112
Lane, Eliza Major, 13
laudanum, 19, 26, 53, 123, 174
Laws of Life, The (Elizabeth Blackwell), 144, 163, 185–86, 215, 226, 240
Lee, Charles A.
admission of Elizabeth, 41, 42, 44, 82
commencement address, 78, 81–82
Elizabeth’s thesis, 80
Paris visit, 103
pharmacology (materia medica) lectures, 52, 63
in Philadelphia, 82–83
reaction to Elizabeth, 45, 78, 81, 82
leeches, 100, 105, 170
Lee, Robert E., 232, 238
Legouvé, Ernest, 112
L’histoire morale des femmes (Legouvé), 112
Lincoln, Abraham, 224, 226, 231, 233, 237, 238
Little Princess, A (Burnett), 218n
lobelia (“pukeweed”), 37, 52
Lohman, Charles, 134, 135
London School of Medicine for Women, 251
Lovelace, Ada, 127
Lozier, Clemence Sophia, 236, 241
malaria, 12, 19, 63
Mallet, Clarisse, 100, 104, 107
Marie Antoinette, 214
Martha’s Vineyard, 261-62, 267-68
materia medica, 50, 53, 63, 74, 123
Maternité, La (Port-Royal Abbey), 94–95, 96–103, 99, 104–8, 240
Medical College of Ohio, 140
medical schools for women
Eclectic medical schools, 139, 196, 236, 241
Female Medical College of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), 139, 196, 235, 236, 241, 242
London School of Medicine for Women, 251
New England Female Medical College (Boston), 139, 196, 222, 235, 242
New York Medical College for Women, 236–37, 242, 243, 244, 260
opening of coeducational medical schools in 1890s, 264, 265–66
see also Woman’s Medical College of the New York Infirmary
medicine
education standards in 1847, 50–51
heroic medicine, 51, 88
Hippocratic humors, elements, and qualities, 51, 52
historical role of women, 29
state of in 1840s, 26–27, 37, 51–53
Men and Women (Browning), 194
Mesmer, Franz Anton, 37, 257
mesmerism, 37, 93, 257
miasma, 63
Milnes, Richard Monckton, 129
Mott, Lucretia, 16
Mussey, Reuben, 140, 146
National Health Society, 252
National Woman’s Rights Conventions, 67–68, 126, 143, 186
New England Female Medical College (Boston), 139, 196, 222, 235, 242
New England Hospital for Women and Children, 241
New York Academy of Medicine, 150, 258, 266
New York Dispensary for Poor Women and Children, 157–58, 162–63, 181
New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children
annual reports, 203, 204, 206, 207
on Bleecker and Crosby, 1, 200, 201, 203–4, 206
commemorative plaque at, 1
diverging goals of Elizabeth and Emily, 225, 242–43
Draft Riots and, 231n
Elizabeth’s refusal to borrow money, 207–8
Emily as attending surgeon, 207
Emily’s management of, 210, 212–13, 220–23, 248
fundraising, 196, 197–99, 200, 210, 246
on Livingston Place, 262
merger with Beekman Downtown Hospital, 265n
mob incidents, 206–7
opening in 1857, 1–3, 200–203, 244
operation in 1857, 204–8
“out-door practice,” 205–6
on Second Avenue, 225
women’s medical education as goal, 195, 196–97, 198, 202, 220, 235
New York Medical College for Women, 236–37, 242, 243, 244, 260
New York University, 182
Nightingale, Florence
birthday, 200
Crimean War, 174–75, 192, 216
with Elizabeth in England, 128–30, 216–18, 220
fame, 192, 211, 212
on hygiene, 130, 217
ideas about sexual purity, 129n, 200–201, 240
and infirmary opening, 201–2
nursing as role for women, 130, 174, 198, 200, 216–17, 227–28
Notes on Nursing (Nightingale), 227
Nurseries on Randall’s Island, 182–83, 184, 214
Oberlin College, 13, 184, 189
Onderdonk, Benjamin Treadwell, 33–34
“On the Medical Education of Women” (Elizabeth Blackwell), 196, 199
Owen, Richard, 90
Paget, James, 111, 122, 122–23, 130–31, 164, 250
Panic of 1857, 207–8
Paris
Anna Blackwell in, 93–94, 99, 103, 105–7, 108–9, 112
as best place to study medicine, 83–84
Elizabeth’s eye infection and recovery, 104–9, 112, 116, 240
Elizabeth’s opinion of, 91–92, 95
Elizabeth’s search for medical instruction, 92–94
Maternité, La (Port-Royal Abbey), 94–95, 96–103, 99, 104–8, 240
Parker, Surgeon to the Queen’s Hospital, Birmingham, 89
Parkes, Bessie Rayner, 124–26, 131, 184, 192, 211, 219, 221
Pasteur, Louis, 63, 253
pessaries, 171–72, 172, 181
phrenology, 14–16, 92, 102, 233
“Piccino” (Burnett), 218n
Plevins, Charles, 89, 90–91, 120
Portway Hall, 87, 88, 89
Practical Anatomist, The (Allen), 39
Preston, Ann, 236
Priessnitz, Vincent, 111–12, 114–15
puerperal fever, 58, 65, 97
Punch, 47, 95–96, 192–93, 193
purulent ophthalmia, 104, 106, 242
Putnam, George Palmer, 144, 240
Putnam, Mary, see Mary Putnam Jacobi
“Question of Rest for Women During Menstruation, The” (Putnam Jacobi), 258
Randall’s Island, 182–83, 184, 214
Raymond, Henry J., 162, 244–45
Restell, Madame (Ann Trow Summers), 134–38, 137
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 200
Royal College of Surgeons, 89–90
Rush Medical College, 146–47, 151–53, 158–59
Ruskin, John, 194
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, 111, 121–24, 122, 128, 130–31, 150, 192
St. Thomas’s Hospital, London, 90
Sand, George, 73
Sanger, Margaret, 134
sanitary visitors, 242, 265
Schifferdecker, Dr., 38
Schroeder, John Frederick, 25, 33–34
Scott, Walter, 8
Scott, Winfield, 227
Second Reform Bill, defeat of, 11
Second Republic (France), 90
Secret Garden, The (Burnett), 218n
Sedgwick, Theodore, 162
Semmelweis, Ignaz, 65
Seneca Falls Woman’s Rights Convention, 67–68, 126
Shirley (Currer Bell/Charlotte Brontë), 109
Simpson, James Young
about, 166, 167, 168
chloroform discovery, 166, 192
Emily’s study with, 160, 164, 167–68, 170–74, 175–76, 181
pessaries, 171–72, 181
Viewbank retreat, 167
Sims, J. Marion, 180, 195–96, 199, 260
smallpox vaccinations, 101
Smith, Barbara Leigh. see Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith
Smith, Benjamin Leigh, 125
Smith, James Skivring, 150
Smith, Stephen, 42, 43, 49, 243
Snow, John, 95
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 67, 184
Steward, Susan McKinney, 242
Stone, Lucy
antislavery lectures and views, 184–85, 189, 194
birth of daughter Alice, 210
courted by Henry Blackwell, 184–87
marriage to Henry Blackwell, 187–89, 190
photograph, 185
women’s rights and, 184, 187, 189
Stories Explanatory of the Church Catechism (Sherwood), 8
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 19, 29, 202
Stuyvesant Institute, 198–99
Summers, Ann Trow, see Restell, Madame
syphilis, 60, 154, 253
Syracuse, see Central Medical College
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 166
Thavies Inn, 121, 124
Thomsonians, 37, 52, 81
Thomson, Samuel, 37
Three Eras of Woman’s Life, The, 13
Transcendentalism, 22, 24, 27, 34, 37, 133
Treatise on Domestic Economy (Catharine Beecher), 142
trephine, 81n
Trollope, Fanny, 18
Troy Female Seminary (New York), 36
Tyng, Dudley Atkins, 202
typhus (“ship fever”), 63–65, 80, 253
Una, The, 174–75
Unitarian Society, 21–22
United States Sanitary Commission, 229, 230, 233
University of Edinburgh
Emily Blackwell at, 165, 166–75, 177, 179, 181
James Barry and, 240n
Sophia Jex-Blake and the Edinburgh Seven, 250–51
“Surgeons’ Hall Riot,” 251
Utilitarians, 135, 138
vaccination, 101, 256
Victoria, Queen, 17, 126, 192
vivisection, 154, 256
Walker, Mary, 251