Anatomies: A Cultural History of the Human Body
Page 34
Guanyin 243
Guerre, Martin 106–7
Guilder, Rose 32
gurgitators 186
hair 93–5, 200
pubic 93, 132, 203, 231
Haldane, J. B. S. 53–4, 60, 112
Hallam, Clint 110
Hancock, Tony 147
hands 187–202
and counting systems 194
hand gestures 190–94, 193
palm-reading 196
pointing 190–91
preferment 197–200
see also fingers; thumbs
Hapshepsut 44–5
Haraway, Donna 239
Hardy, Thomas
Tess of the D’Urbervilles 171–2
The Woodlanders 95
Hare, Augustus 179
Hare, William 74, 75
Harvey, Marcus xxii–xxiii
Harvey, Thomas 112, 113
Harvey, William 21, 72–3, 129–30, 141–2
De Motu Cordis 72, 127, 141
head 83–95
phrenology 116–18, 119
shrunken heads (tsantsas) 85–6
see also face; skull
hearing 157–8, 169
loss 235
Hearst, William Randolph 50
heart 69, 71–2, 73, 80, 127–33, 200
in art and drawings 132
artificial 250
and brain 130–31
chambers 71, 128
Glaser’s logo 133
in literature 127–8, 132
Sacred Heart 132
shape 132, 133
transplants 137, 252–3
valves 14, 73, 129, 253
Helmholtz resonators 56
Henry VIII 44–5, 72, 191
Hepper, Peter 197
heredity
and blood 144
and eye colour 171
hermaphrodites 210–11
Hermaphroditos 210–11
Herschel, William 31
hieroglyphics 132
Hindley, Myra xxii–xxiii
Hindu tradition 20, 28–9, 216, 243
Hippocrates 118–19
Hippocratic oath 137, 235
Hockney, David 175
Hogarth, William 29–30
holotypes 33–4
Homer: Odyssey 251
homo clausus 41, 45, 46, 235, 239
homosexuals 145, 212
hormones 210, 211–12
hormone treatment 208, 212
Hugo, Victor: Les Misérables 95
human form
in art and drawings 1–15, 45, 65, 203–7, 230, 232–3, 235–6
beauty of see beauty
embryonic development 200–201, 210
feminine form 45, 55, 81, 204, 206–7, 231–2
geographical metaphors xxiii–xxiv, 19–22
ideal proportions of xxiv, 24–30, 45, 54, 81
idioms based on parts of the body 91–3
in literature 22–3
male form 8, 55, 204
naked see nudity
as a picture of the human soul 37
pudica pose 204, 206, 230
in sculpture 24
sexual see sex
structural engineering view of the body 221
Visible Human Project 34–7
wax models 44, 81
Hume, David 107–8, 216–17
humours, four 69, 90, 142, 151–2, 226
Hunter, John 76–7, 81
Hunter, William 75–7
Huxley, Aldous: After Many a Summer 255
hydraulic press 129
hydroxyapatite 52
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 73, 119
Identikit 104
identity xxiv–xxv, 105–8, 170
sexual 208–14
iliopsoas 246
immortality 15, 34, 261–2
biological 259
immortalists 256, 259, 264
incus 54
index finger 190–91, 195, 196–7
Inouye, Tatsuji 119
International Federation of Competitive Eating 185–6
intestines 12
Io 251
Iphis 211
Ireland, Colin 104
iris 170
Ishiguro, Hiroshi 250
islands xxiii–xxiv
Jackson, Chevalier 180
Jacobs, Lou 83
Jamelia 95
Jamieson, George, later April Ashley 207–9
Janáček, Leos 260, 261
Jenkins, Robert 159–60, 163
Jernigan, Joseph Paul 35
Jesus Christ
on the Cross 236
face of 101
footprints 216
healing Malchus’s ear 159
Joan, Pope 213
Jolly Roger 51
Joy of Cooking, The 179
Judaism 142
jumping 220, 222, 259
Kafka, Franz 143
Kandinsky, Wassily 175
Kaufmann, Hans 161
Keats, John 143
‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ 94
Kemp, Martin 80
Kerridge, Tobie 62
Kevorkian, Jack, ‘Dr Death’ 149–50
kidneys 134–40
transplants 136–7
Kimomeni Mountain 19
Kline, Michelle 138
Kneller, Godfrey 114
Knox, Robert 74–5
Koning, Petrus 44
Krantz, Judith: Princess Daisy 171
kuru 181–2
Lakshmi 243
Langlois, Judith 100
Languille, Henri, head 85
larynx 55–6
Last’s Anatomy 81–2
Lateran Council, Fourth 142–3
Lavater, Johann Kaspar 100–101
Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret) 26–8
left/right-handedness 197–200
left–right asymmetry 197–202
legs 58, 61, 221, 222
and cycling action 246–7
prosthetic 245–7
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 20
Leiden University, anatomy theatre 7
Lely, Peter 155
Leonardo da Vinci xxiv, 14, 26, 104, 128, 153, 205
leprosy 234
Lewis, C. S. 249
life drawing 232–3
life expectancy 255–61
life line 196
Limb, Charles 124
Linnaeus, Carl 34
liposuction 47
literature, bodily ideal in 22–3
liver 41, 69, 73, 80, 128, 138, 142, 200
Locke, John 107
longevity 255–61
Lorelei 94
Louis XIV 89, 221
Louis XV 214
love logo, 133
lungs 10, 71, 129, 200
Luther, Martin 94
McAllister, Peter: Manthropology 218
McCullers, Carson 128
quotation 127
McLuhan, Marshall 244
McManus, Chris 202
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 121–6
Magritte, René: Untitled (Shell in the Form of an Ear) 157
malleus 54
manicules 191
Mann, Thomas: The Magic Mountain 50
Marey, Etienne-Jules 57
Marinetti, F. T. 175
marrow 51
Marsh, Othniel Charles 34
Marsyas 234
Mary Magdalene 94
Mauritshuis, The Hague 1
meat 178–9
melancholics 151
melanin 170, 171
melatonin 152
Mélisande 94
Melville, Herman: Typee 182
Mengele, Josef 77
menstrual blood 143–4
mental activity 123–4
Messaien, Olivier 175
Methuselah 260
Methuselah Mouse Prize 258
Metropolitan Police 237
Michelangelo: David 204
microcosm, of the human body 19–20
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br /> microcosmographias 21
Military Medicine 149
Milton, John 94
Mimizuka monument, Kyoto 162–3
Min 243
mirror neurons 223
Mitchell, Jason 124
mitochondrial DNA 257
Modulor, Le (Le Corbusier) 26–8, 27
molecules, ‘handed’ 201
Monro, Alexander 81
Montaigne, Michel de 40, 181, 195
moral choices, and the brain 123–4
Morandi, Anna 81
mortsafes 74
mouth, and facial recognition 103–4, 233
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) 121–6
Mueck, Ron 227
Dead Dad 227, 250
Muhammad 216
Mulligan, Carey 90
muscles 46, 58, 59, 71, 187, 188–9, 195, 221, 223, 236, 246–7
in art and drawings 3, 5, 8, 24, 65–6, 66, 68, 187, 188, 249
muscle fatigue 223
muscle tissue 12, 59, 62, 182
Muybridge, Eadweard 57
Nabokov, Vladimir 175
Bend Sinister 135
Speak, Memory 175
nails 237
nakedness see nudity
National Library of Medicine 34–5
Nature 32
nerves 21, 59, 158, 167
nervous system 126
Neuberger, James 139
Neurosense 125
new age thinking 20
Newton, Isaac 114, 117
Nichomachus of Smyrna 45
No Lie MRI 125–6
Nogier, Paul 158
nose 86–91, 100–101
Gogol’s ‘The Nose’ xxii, 87–8, 89
nudity 24, 45, 203–7, 219–20, 229–33, 236
and life drawing 232–3
and ‘the nude’ 229–30
and prudery 204–7, 219, 226
striptease 207, 230–31
types of 230
Nuland, Sherwin 256, 258–9
numbering systems 194
obesity 45
occipital lobe 119
O’Connell, Helen 81
O’Connor, Sinéad 94
oestrogen 211
O’Hara, Maureen 230
Opportunity 94
organ donors 136, 138–9
see also donors
organ transplants 136–9, 251, 252–5
ovaries 12, 70, 136, 209–10, 254
Ovid: Metamorphoses 210–11, 234, 243
Owen, Richard 78, 178–9
Palaeolithic man 198
Paley, William 51–2, 59
Palladio, Andrea 24
palm-reading 196
parietal lobes 113–14
parietal operculum 113
Pascal, Blaise 128, 129
quotation 127
Pasteur, Louis 201
Paterson, Mary 74–5
Penfield, Wilder 119–20
cortical homunculus 120, 120–21
penis 82, 203, 204, 213
nose symbolism for 89
pentathlon 220
Pepys, Samuel 147
Pernkopf, Eduard 77
Perrett, David 102
personal identity xxiv–xxv, 105–8
phantom limbs 174
Philadelphia Inquirer 206
Phillips, Carina 20
phlegm 151
phlegmatics 151
Photofit 104
photography 97–9
computer-manipulated 100, 104
Phrenological Journal and Magazine of Moral Science 117
phrenology 116–18, 119
physiognomy 100–101
piezoelectricity 61
pigs 252–3
pineal gland 119, 168–9
Pintubi people, central Australia 218
Pioneer plaque 205–7
Pirsig, Wolfgang 153, 159
pisiform bone 54
pitch, and the ear 157–8
Plato 23
Platonic metaphysics 19–20, 264
Pliny the Elder 46
pointing 190–91
Polykleitos 23–4
Pope, Alexander: ‘The Rape of the Lock’ 94
pornography 230, 231–2
Poussin, Nicolas: Et in Arcadia Ego 51
prefrontal cortex 113
prejudice, and the brain 123, 124
In Preparation 222–3
prestidigitation 196
Priapus 203, 243
primitive streak 200
‘printing’ of human tissue 139–40
prion diseases 181–2
prosthetics 245–7
Proust, Marcel 175
prudery 204–7, 219, 226
pubic hair 93, 132, 203, 231
pudica pose 204, 206, 230
pulmonary circulation 21, 71–2, 73
pupils of the eye 167
Putin, Vladimir 236
Quant, Mary 132
Quetelet, Adolphe 30
Rabelais, François 93, 127, 184
Gargantua and Pantagruel xxii, 88–9, 127, 194
race 237
Rachmaninov, Sergei 199
Ramachandran, Vilayanur 176–7
Rameses II 224
Raphael, skull 116–17
Rapunzel 94
Ravel, Maurice: Piano Concerto for the Left Hand 199
Redding, Emma 222–3
Reeve, Henry 116
reflection, optical 167
refraction 167
Rembrandt xxiv, 153, 155, 162
The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Tulp 1–6, 2–3, 8, 14, 187–8, 188, 189–90
Reservoir Dogs (Tarantino) 157
resurrectionists 74
rete mirabile 69
rhinoplasty 86–7