The Ottoman Empire: a Historical Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]
Page 85
Young Turks and Italy (1912), 2:58
D’Aronco, Riamondo, 1:151
Dashnaks (Armenian Revolutionary Federation), 1:205–206
Dedes, 2:2
Defterdārs (Treasurers), 1:103, 104
Dervish, 2:2
Sufi orders, 2:24–29
Dervish Ahmed, 1:174–176
DeTott, Baron, 2:195–199
Devșirme (devshirme), 1:xvii, 117–119
Bayezid II (1447–1512) (r. 1481–1512), 2:86
introduction, 1:xxi
janissaries, 1:129–131
Diet, 2:4–13
Dining and food, 2:4–13
Diplomats and dignitaries, visit protocol, 1:105–106
“Of the Audience and Entertainment Given to Ambassadors,” 2:170–172
Divān-i hümāyun (Imperial Council) (Divan), 1:103, 104–105, 107
Divan Square, 1:149
Dolmabahçe (Dolmabahche), 1:151
Dušan, Stephan, 1:22–23, 226; 2:142–143
Economy
administration, central, 1:103, 106–107
administration, provincial, 1:108–110
Black Sea, 2:108
celāli (jelāli) revolts, 1:157
“Charshees, Bedestands, and Bazaars,” primary document, 2:231–232
Constantinople, strategic value of, 2:104–105
Crimean War (1853–1856) and, 1:20
decline of Ottoman power, 1:xxx–xxxi, xxxiv
Jewish populations, 1:216–218
Karim Khan Zand (ca. 1705–1779), 1:133–134
Mehmed IV (1642–1693) (r. 1648–1687), 2:112–113
muhtasib and ihtisab, 1:138–140
Murad III (1546–1595) (r. 1574–1595), 2:126
Mustafa II (1664–1703) (r. 1695–1703), 2:137
Selim III (1761–1808) (r. 1789–1807), 2:154–155
Tanzimat (reorganization), 1:xli–xliii, 159; 2:72–73
“Trade Guilds in the Ottoman Empire,” primary documents, 2:232–234
Wallachia, 1:228–229, 231
See also Trade
Edirne (Adrianople)
Murad I (1326–1389) (r. 1362–1389), 2:120
Edirne, Treaty of (1444), 2:124
Edirne, Treaty of (1829), 1:26–27, 224–225, 231
Educational system
Abdülmecid (Abdülmejid) (1823–1861) (r. 1839–1861), 2:72–73
Ibrahim Şinasi (Ibrahim Shinasi) (1826/1827–1871), 1:182–184
Tanzimat (reorganization), 1:159
Türk Ocaği (Turkish Hearth) clubs, 1:169
Eflak (Wallachia), 1:228–232
Egypt
Abbas Hilmi (1874–1944), 1:55–56
Abduh, Muhammad (1849–1905), 2:34–35
Abdülhamid II (1842–1918) (r. 1876–1909), 2:69–70
Abdülmecid (Abdülmejid) (1823–1861) (r. 1839–1861), 2:73
Afghani (Assadabadi), Jamal al-Din (1838/1839–1897), 2:37
al-Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman ibn Hassan (1753/1754–1825), 1:173–174
Battle of Marj Dabiq (Mercidabik) (1516), 1:40–41
decline of Ottoman power, 1:xxxix–xl
expansion of Ottoman State, 1:xxviii
Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), 1:25–27
Jewish population, 1:216
Mahmud II (1784–1839) (r. 1808–1839), 2:97–101
Mehmed Ali (Muhammad Ali) (1769–1849), 1:87–89
Napoleon Bonaparte and, 2:155
Ridaniya, Battle of (1517), 1:47–48
Russo-Ottoman War (1828–1829), 1:1–2
Selim I (1465–1520) (r. 1512–1520), 2:150
Treaty of Hünkār Iskelesi (1833), 1:27–28
Urabi, Ahmad Pasha (1840–1911), 2:53–55
Empire and administration
Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1571–1629), 1:97–103
Administration, Central, 1:103–107
Administration, Provincial, 1:108–110
Āli Pasha, Mehmed Emin (1815–1871), 1:59–62
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:111–117
Balkans, rise of nationalism, 1:xxxix
“Çelebi Effendi’s Defense of Sultan Selim III’s Nizam-i Jadid (Nizam-i Cedid),” 2:200–204
decline of Ottoman power, 1:xxix–xxxii, xxxix–xl
devșirme (devshirme), 1:117–119
Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736), 1:119–121
eunuchs, 1:122–123
founders of Ottoman State, 1:xxiv–xxvi
gāzi, 1:123–124
governmental reforms, 1:xxxviii–xxxix
harems, 1:125–126
historical origins of Ottoman Empire, 1:xxiv
introduction to, 1:xvii–xxiv
Ismail I, Shah of Iran (1487–1524), 1:126–129
janissaries, 1:129–132 (See also Janissaries)
Karim Khan Zand (ca. 1705–1779), 1:132–134
Köprülü viziers, 1:xxxii–xxxiii
Lawrence, T. E. (Lawrence of Arabia) (1888–1935), 1:134–138
muhtasib and ihtisab, 1:138–140
Nader Shah Afshar (1688–1747), 1:140–145
Nizam-i Cedid (Nizam-i Jedid), 1:57, 58, 145–147; 2:139–140, 153, 154–156, 200–204
Ottoman Constitution, 1:xliii–xlvii, 147–149
palace, overview of, 1:149–151
palace pages and royal chambers, 1:152–153 (See also Palace Pages and Royal Chambers)
Russia, decline of Ottoman Power and, 1:xxxvii–xxxviii
Safavid Dynasty, 1:154–158
Tanzimat (reorganization), 1:xli–xliii, 158–161; 2:72–73 (See also Tanzimat (reorganization))
throne, succession of, 1:xix
Timur (1336–1405), 1:162–165
Tulip Period, 1:xxxvi–xxxvii, 51–53; 2:80
Uzun Hassan (1423–1478), 1:12–14, 165–167
Young Turks and collapse of the empire, 1:xlvii–li (See also Young Turks)
zenith of Ottoman power, 1:xxvi–xxviii
See also Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Enderun, 1:149
Enver Pasha (1881–1922), 1:70–73
Young Turks, 2:55, 60–61
Erzurum, Treaty of (1823), 1:21
Erzurum, Treaty of (1847), 1:21–22
Esnafs, 1:139
“Trade Guilds in the Ottoman Empire,” primary documents, 2:232–234
Ethnike Hetairia (National Society), 2:70
Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736), 1:119–121
Eunuchs, 1:122–123
palace pages and royal chambers, 1:152–153
roles of, 1:xxi, 118
Europe, Concert of, 1:60–61, 160; 2:73
Treaty of Paris (1856), 1:20
Evliya Çelebi (Evliya Chelebi) (1608/1609/1611–1682/1684), 1:177–178, 2:4
Exorcist Hoca (Hodja), 2:91
Eyâlets, provincial administration, 1:108–110
Faisal Ali
Arab Revolt (1916–1918), 1:6–8
False Mustafa, 2:121–122
Fath Ali Kahn, 1:133
Fazil Mustafa Pasha, 2:135, 162–163
Karlowitz, Treaty of (1699), 1:31–32
Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 1:210
Fermān, 1:130
Fetret (Interregnum) (1402–1413), 1:xxvi, 5–6, 164; 2:102
Feyzullah Effendi, 2:137
Fiefs, 1:108–109
Financial institutions, Tanzimat (reorganization), 1:159
See also Economy
First Balkan War (1912), 1:202–203
Food and dining, 2:4–13
Foreign dignitaries, visit protocol, 1:105–106
primary documents, 2:170–172
France
Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi (1808–1883), 2:31–34
Abdülhamid II (1842–1918) (r. 1876–1909), 2:69–70
al-Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman ibn Hassan (1753/1754–1825), 1:173–174
Arab Revolt (1916–1918), 1:7
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:111–116
Crimean War (1
853–1856) and Treaty of Paris (1856), 1:18–21; 2:73
Gallipoli, 1:23
Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), 1:25–27
Mehmed Ali (Muhammad Ali) (1769–1849), 1:87–88
Russo-Ottoman War (1828–1829), 1:1–2
Selim III (1761–1808) (r. 1789–1807), 2:155
Süleyman I (1494–1566) (r. 1520–1566), 2:157–158
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), 1:50–51; 2:43
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), primary document, 2:224–225
Syria and, 1:114
Treaty of Lausanne (1923), 1:37–38, 115–116
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), 1:48–49; 2:119
World War I, 1:xlvixi–l
Freeholds, 1:110
Friendly Society (Philiki Hetairia), 1:24–27
Fuad Pasha (Keçecizade Mehmed) (1815–1869), 1:73–75
Fuzuli (1480–1555/1556), 1:178–179; 2:160
Gallipoli, 1:xlvix, 22–24
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:111
Orhan Gāzi (1281–1362), 2:142
Garnett, Lucy Mary, 1:139
“Khān or Inns in the Late Ottoman Period,” 2:234–235
“Trade Guilds in the Ottoman Empire,” 2:232–234
“Turkish Baths in the Late Ottoman Period,” 2:235–236
Gate of Felicity (Bab-üs Saadet), 1:149
Gate of Salutation / Bab-üs Selam (Middle Gate), 1:149
Gāzi, 1:xviii–xix, 123–124; 2:146–147
Gāzi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (1839–1919), 1:75–77
Gāzi Osman Pasha (1832–1900), 1:77–78
Gedik Ahmed Pasha (d. 1482), 1:78–80; 2:108–109
George Rákoczi (Rakoczy), 2:113
Georgia
Ahmed III (1673–1736) (r. 1703–1730), battles with, 2:80–81
Treaty of Adrianople (1829), 1:1–3
Treaty of Jassy (1792), 2:153–154
Germany
Abdülhamid II (1842–1918) (r. 1876–1909), 2:71
alliance with (1914), 2:60
Ashkenazi Jews, 1:215
Balfour Declaration (1917), 1:9
Congress of Berlin (1878), 1:16–18
Enver Pasha (1881–1922), 1:70, 71–72
Gallipoli, 1:23
Mehmed V Reşad (Reshad) (1844–1918) (r. 1909–1918), 2:116
Talat Pasha (1874–1921), 1:95–96
Three Emperors’ Alliance, 1:209–210
Ghazali (1058–1111), 2:20
Gjergj (George) Kastrioti (Iskender Bey, Skanderbeg) (1405–1468), 1:199–201; 2:49–51
Gökalp, Ziya (1876–1924), 1:179–180
“Three Currents of Thought by Ziya Gökalp,” primary document, 2:226–231
Government. See Administration, Central; Administration, Provincial; Empire and administration
Grand National Assembly, 1:113–116
Grand vizier (vizier-i azam, sadr-i azam), role of, 1:103, 107
Great Britain
Abbas Hilmi (1874–1944), 1:55–56
Abdülhamid II (1842–1918) (r. 1876–1909), 2:69–70
Afghani (Assadabadi), Jamal al-Din (1838/1839–1897), 2:36–38
Arab Revolt (1916–1918), 1:6–8
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:111–116
Balfour Declaration (1917), 1:9–10; 2:226
Congress of Berlin (1878), 1:xlv, 17–18; 2:69
Crimean War (1853–1856) and Treaty of Paris (1856), 1:18–21; 2:73
Egypt and, 2:34–35
Gallipoli, 1:23
Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), 1:25–27
Hussein ibn Ali (1854–1931) and the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence (1915–1916), 2:41–43, 222–223
Ibn Saud Family and, 2:47
Lawrence, T. E. (Lawrence of Arabia) (1888–1935), 1:134–138
“McMahon-Hussein Correspondence of 1915: Sir Henry McMahon’s Second Note to Sharif Hussein (October 24, 1915),” 2:222–223
Russo-Ottoman War (1828–1829), 1:1–2
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), 1:50–51; 2:224–225
Treaty of Lausanne (1923), 1:37–38, 115–116
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), 1:48–49; 2:119
Urabi, Ahmad Pasha (1840–1911), 2:53–55
World War I, 1:xlvix–l
Greece
Albania and, 1:202–203
Ali Pasha of Janina (Tepedelenli Ali Pasha), 1:62–64
Armistice of Mudanya (1922), 2:119
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:113–117
Balkan Wars (1912, 1913), 1:10–12
Battle of Lepanto (1571), 1:38–40
Congress of Berlin (1878), 1:xliv–xlv, 17–18; 2:69
Crete uprising (1866), 2:63–64
Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), 1:24–27
Mahmud II (1784–1839) (r. 1808–1839), 2:97–101
Treaty of Adrianople (1829), 1:1–3
Treaty of Erzurum (1823), 1:21
Treaty of Lausanne (1923), 1:115–116
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), 1:48–49; 2:118–119
Greek Orthodox Christians
Armenians and, 1:204
Mehmed II (1432–1481) (r. 1444–1446, 1451–1481), 2:106
millets, 1:xviii
Moldavia, 1:223
Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), 1:24–27
Guilds
Bektaşi (Bektashi) Order, 2:1–4
muhtasib and ihtisab, 1:138–140
“Trade Guilds in the Ottoman Empire,” primary documents, 2:232–234
Gümrü, Treaty of (1920), 1:113
Habsburgs
Ahmed III (1673–1736) (r. 1703–1730), 2:78–79
Battle of Mezőkeresztes (1596), 1:41–42
Battle of Mohács (1526), 1:42–44
Bosnia and, 1:209
decline of Ottoman powers, 1:xxxii–xxxvi
Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736), 1:119–121
Mahmud I (1696–1754) (r. 1730–1754), 2:96
Mehmed III (1566–1603) (r. 1595–1603), 2:110–111
Mehmed IV (1642–1693) (r. 1648–1687), 2:114–115, 162
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (d. 1683), 1:89–90
Moldavia and, 1:224
Murad III (1546–1595) (r. 1574–1595), 2:126
Mustafa II (1664–1703) (r. 1695–1703), 2:135–137
Osman II (r. 1618–1622), 2:134
Süleyman I (1494–1566) (r. 1520–1566), 2:157–158
Süleyman II (1642–1691) (r. 1687–1691), 2:162–163
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:30–33, 121
Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), 1:44–45
Treaty of Zsitvatorok (1606), 2:74
Haci Bektaş-i Veli (Haji Baktash-e Vali), 2:1
Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya, St. Sophia), 2:106
Haji Baktash-e Vali (Haci Bektaş-i Veli), 2:1
Halide Edib (Adivar, Halide Edib) (1883–1964), 1:169–170
Halil Hamid Pasha (1782–1785), 2:66–67
Halveti Order, 2:13–15
Hamidiye regiment, 1:206
Hamzeh Mirza, 1:98
Hān (khān), 1:xviii–xix, 109
“Khān or Inns in the Late Ottoman Period,” 2:234–235
Harem, 1:125–126
decline of Ottoman power, 1:xxix–xxx
eunuchs, 1:122–123
food and dining, 2:5, 7–8, 10
“Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s Accounts of Women in the Ottoman Empire,” 2:183–192
of Murad III (1546–1595) (r. 1574–1595), 2:125, 126
“Of the Persons Which Live in the Seraglio; and Chiefly of the Women, and Virgins,” 2:172–179
palace life, 1:xx
palace residential areas, 1:151, 152–153
See also Kösem Sultan (ca. 1589–1651); Palace Pages and Royal Chambers
Harem ağası (chief of harem), 1:122–123
Hassan Beyk (Uzun Hassan, Tall Hassan), 1:12–14, 165–167; 2:107–108
Hatay, Treaty of Lausanne (1923), 1:116<
br />
Hatice (Hatije), Princess, 1:80, 83
Hatt-i Hümāyun (Imperial Rescript), 1:xlii, 19–20, 60, 160
Abdülmecid (Abdülmejid) (1823–1861) (r. 1839–1861), 2:71–74
Hatt-i Sherif-i Gülhane (Noble Rescript of the Rose Garden), 1:60, 158–159
Abdülmecid (Abdülmejid) (1823–1861) (r. 1839–1861), 2:71–74
primary document, 2:209–212
Hayreddin Pasha (Barbarossa) (d. 1546), 1:45–46, 64–68, 103–104; 2:157, 158–159
Herzegovina
Bosnia and, 1:208–210
Congress of Berlin (1878), 1:210
Hetairia, Philiki (Society of Friends), 1:24–25, 63–64
High Gate (Bab-i Āli), 1:103
Hijaz, Battle of Ridaniya (1517), 1:47–48
Hippodrome (Horse Square), 1:107
Historians, writers, poets, and scholars
Adivar, Halide Edib (1883–1964), 1:169–170
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (Ahmed Jevdet Pasha) (1823–1895), 1:170–172
Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1823–1891), 1:172–173
al-Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman ibn Hassan (1753/1754–1825), 1:173–174
Āșikpāșāzāde (ĀshikPpāșāzāde) (1400-ca. 1484), 1:174–176
Bāki (Bāqi) (1526–1600), 1:176; 2:160
Evliya Çelebi (Evliya Chelebi) (1608/1609/1611–1682/1684), 1:177–178
Fuzuli (1480–1555/1556), 1:178–179; 2:160
Gökalp, Ziya (1876–1924), 1:179–180
ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (1703–1792), 2:44–46
Ibrahim Peçevi (Ibrahim Pechevi) (1572/1574–1650), 1:181–182
Ibrahim Şinasi (Ibrahim Shinasi) (1826/1827–1871), 1:182–184
Idris-i Bitlisi (1455–1520), 1:184–185
Kemal Pāşāzāde (Kemal Pāshāzāde) (1468–1536), 1:185–186
Mustafa Naima /Mustafa Naim (1655–1716), 1:186–187
Namik Kemal (1840–1888), 1:187–189
Piri Reis (1465/1468/1470–1554), 1:189–191
Sinan (1489–1588), 1:191–193
sultans and poetry, 2:160
Tasvir-i Efkār (Representation of Opinions), 2:51–53
Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915), 1:193–194
Yusuf Akçura (Akçuraoglu Yusuf) (1876–1935), 1:194–195
Ziya Pasha (Abdülhamid Ziya) (1825/1826 or 1829/1830–1880), 1:195–197
Holy Land, Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), 1:7, 50–51
Holy League
Ahmed II (1643–1695) (r. 1691–1695), 2:77
Battle of Lepanto, Battle of (1571), 1:38–40
Battle of Preveza (1538), 1:67
Hayreddin Pasha (Barbarossa) (d. 1546), 1:65, 67
Köprülüzade Fazil Ahmed (d. 1676), 1:86; 2:114
Mehmed IV (1642–1693) (r. 1648–1687), 1:xxxiii; 2:114, 115
Mustafa II (1664–1703) (r. 1695–1703), 2:135–137
Selim II (1524–1574) (r. 1566–1574), 2:152
Serbia and, 1:227
Süleyman II (1642–1691) (r. 1687–1691), 2:162