The Ottoman Empire: a Historical Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]
Page 87
Mahmud II (1784–1839) (r. 1808–1839), 2:99
Mehmed IV (1642–1693) (r. 1648–1687), 2:112–113
military areas, provincial administration, 1:108–110
military parades, 2:130
Murad IV (1612–1640) (r. 1623–1640), 2:129–130
Nizam-i Cedid (Nizam-i Jedid), 1:57, 58, 145–147; 2:139–140, 153, 154–156
“Noble Rescript of Gülhane (1839),” primary document, 2:209–212
Osman II (1604–1622) (r. 1618–1622), 2:134, 148
sancāks (sanjāks), 1:xxiii
sipāhi, 1:xxiii
Tanzimat (reorganization), 1:xli–xliii, xlv–xlvi, 159
“The Young Turk Revolution: The Second (1909) Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Selected Articles,” 2:220–222
Young Turks, 2:57–61
Millets, 1:xviii, xxxix
See also Religious communities
Mircea the Old (r. 1386–1418), 1:228
Miri (crown land), 1:108
Mirliva, provincial administration, 1:108–110
Mirza Malkam Khan, 2:37
Mirza Reza Kermani, 2:38–39
Mohács, Battle of (1526), 1:42–44; 2:158
Mohammad Hassan Kahn Qajar, 1:133
Mohammad Khodabandeh, 1:97–98
Mohammad Shah (r. 1834–1848), 1:21–22
Moldavia, 1:221–226
administration, provincial, 1:109
“A European Account of the Ottoman-Russian War of 1768–1774,” 2:194–199
Bayezid II (1447–1512) (r. 1481–1512), 2:85
Crimean War (1853–1856) and Treaty of Paris (1856), 1:19–21; 2:73
Mehmed III (1566–1603) (r. 1595–1603), 2:110–111
nationalism, 1:224–225
Russia and, 1:223–225
Treaty of Adrianople (1829), 1:1–3
Treaty of Jassy (1792), 1:28–30, 29
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:31–32
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (Kuchuk Kaynarja) (1774), 1:35–36, 224
Treaty of Sistova (1791), 1:49–50
Treaty of Zsitvatorok (1606), 2:74
Molla Nasreddin, 2:21–24
Monastery (tekke), 2:2
Mongols, origins of Ottoman Empire, 1:xxiv
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley (1689–1762), 2:81
“Accounts of Women in the Ottoman Empire,” primary document, 2:183–192
“Dining at the Ottoman Court,” 2:12
“Jews and Commerce in the Ottoman Empire,” 1:218
“Lives of the Women of a Harem,” 1:122
“Sultan Ahmed III at the Royal Parade,” primary document, 2:179–180
Montenegro
Balkan Wars (1912, 1913), 1:10–12
Bosnia and, 1:208–210
Congress of Berlin (1878), 1:xlv, 17–18, 188; 2:69
Pan-Slavic movement, 2:64
Treaty of San Stefano (1878), 1:148; 2:68
Morea, Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:31–32, 121; 2:136
Morshed Qoli Khan Ostajlu, 1:98, 100
Moshfeqi, 2:21–24
Mosques
Şehzade (Shehzade) mosque (1543–1548), 1:192
Selimiye Mosque (Selimiye Camii), 1:192; 2:152
Sinan (1489–1588), 1:191–192
Süleymaniye mosque complex (1550–1557), 1:192; 2:160
Sultan Ahmend Mosque (Blue Mosque), 2:76
Mosul
Idris-i Bitlisi (1455–1520), 1:185
Nader Shah Afshar (1688–1747), 1:143; 2:95
Safavid Dynasty, 1:101; 2:75
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), 1:7, 50–51; 2:224–225
Timur (1336–1405), conquest of, 1:163; 2:83
Treaty of Lausanne (1923), 1:116
Muayede salonu, 1:151
Mudanya, Armistice of (1922), 1:115
Muhibb, 2:2
Muhtasib and ihtisab, 1:138–140
Mülk, 1:108, 110
Murad Bey, 2:56
Murad I (1326–1389) (r. 1362–1389), 2:120–121
Battle of Kosovo (1389), 1:33–34
Ottoman expansion, 1:199, 208
Murad II (1404–1451) (r. 1421–1444, 1446–1451), 1:xxvi; 2:121–125
Murad III (1546–1595) (r. 1574–1595), 2:125–128
Murad IV (1612–1640) (r. 1623–1640), 2:128–132
Murad V (1840–1904), 2:132–133
Muslims
in Bosnia, 1:209; 2:107
in Bulgaria (Pomaks), 1:212
gāzi, 1:123–124
“Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s Accounts of Women in the Ottoman Empire,” 2:186–187
pan-Islamism, 1:xlvii; 2:34, 36–40, 70–71
Wahhabism, 2:44–46
See also Religious communities; Shia Islam; Sufi Islam; Sunni Islam
Mustafa I (1591–1639) (r. 1617–1618, 1622–1623), 2:133–135
Mustafa II (1664–1703) (r. 1695–1703), 2:135–138
Battle of Zenta (1697), 1:120–121
decline of Ottoman power, 1:xxxiv
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:31–32
Mustafa III (1717–1774), 2:138–139
Mustafa IV (1779–1808), 2:139–141
Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk, Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:l, 111–117
“Three Currents of Thought by Ziya Gökalp,” primary document, 2:226–231
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), 1:48–49; 2:119
Mustafa Naima /Mustafa Naim (1655–1716), 1:186–187
Mustafa Reshid Çelebi Effendi, 2:200–204
Mustafa Reșid Pasha (Mustafa Reshid Pasha) (1800–1858), 1:60–61, 93–94
Ziya Pasha (Abdülhamid Ziya) (1825/1826 or 1829/1830–1880), 1:195–196
Mystics
Bektaşi (Bektashi) Order, 2:1–4
Halveti Order, 2:13–15
Kadiris, 2:15–16
Mevlana Celaledin Rumi and the Mevlevi Order (Mevlevi Order of Dervishes), 2:16–20
Nakshbandi Order (Naqshbandiyyeh), 2:20–21
Sufi orders, 2:24–29
Nader Qoli (Nader Shah), 1:82; 2:95–96
Nader Shah Afshar (1688–1747), 1:140–145
Nahiyes, provincial administration, 1:108–110
Nakshbandi Order (Naqshbandiyyeh), 2:20–21
Namik Kemal (1840–1888), 1:183–184, 187–189
Tasvir-i Efkār (Representation of Opinions), 2:51–53
Ziya Pasha (Abdülhamid Ziya) (1825/1826 or 1829/1830–1880), 1:196
Nasarat, 2:21–24
Nasi, Joseph, 1:217
Nasreddin Hoca (Nasreddin Hodja), 2:21–24
Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848–1896), 2:38–39
Nationalism
Abdülaziz, 2:63–64
Adivar, Halide Edib (Halide Edib) (1883–1964), 1:169–170
Ahmed Riza (1859–1930), 2:40–41
Albania, 1:201–203
Armenians, 1:205–206
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:111–116
Balkans, 1:xxxix
Bulgaria, 1:211–213
Gökalp, Ziya (1876–1924), 1:179–180
Greece and Crete, 2:70
Karadjordje (Kara George) (1762–1817), 2:47–49
Kurds, 1:221
Mahmud II (1784–1839) (r. 1808–1839), 2:97–101
Mehmed VI (Mehmed Vahideddin) (1861–1926), 2:118–119
Moldavia, 1:224–225
Namik Kemal (1840–1888), 1:187–189
Serbia, 1:227
Tasvir-i Efkār (Representation of Opinions), 2:51–53
“Three Currents of Thought by Ziya Gökalp,” primary document, 2:226–231
Urabi, Ahmad Pasha (1840–1911), 2:53–55
Yusuf Akçura (Akçuraoglu Yusuf) (1876–1935), 1:194
Navarino, Battle of (1827), 1:2, 26
Navy
Abdülhamid I (1725–1789), reforms of, 2:65–67
administration, central, 1:103–104
Afshar (Afsharid) dynasty, 1:144
Barbaros Hayreddin Pasha (d. 1546), 1
:64–68
Battle of Lepanto (1571), 1:39; 2:152
Crimean War (1853–1856), 1:xlii, 160
Gedik Ahmed Pasha (d. 1482), 1:78–79
Holy League, 1:65, 67; 2:152
Mehmed II, battle for Constantinople, 2:105–106
Piri Reis (1465/1468/1470–1554), 1:189–191
Safavid Dynasty, 1:xxx
Süleyman I (1494–1566) (r. 1520–1566) and, 2:157, 158–159
Nestorians, 1:xviii
Nevşehirli Damad Ibrahim Pasha (Ibrahim Pasha) (1662–1730), 1:80–82
Tulip Period (Lale Devri) (ca. 1718-ca. 1730), 1:xxxvi–xxxvii, 51–53
New Order. See Nizam-i Cedid (Nizam-i Jedid)
Nicolas I
Crimean War (1853–1856) and Treaty of Paris (1856), 1:19–21
Treaty of Hünkār Iskelesi (1833), 1:28
Niş (Nish), Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:31–32
Nizam-i Cedid (Nizam-i Jedid), 1:57, 58, 145–147; 2:139–140, 153, 154–156
“Çelebi Effendi’s Defense of Sultan Selim III’s Nizam-i Jadid (Nizam-i Cedid),” 2:200–204
Nnişānci (nishānji) (Lord privy seal), 1:103
Noble Rescript of the Rose Garden (Hatt-i Sherif-i Gülhane), 1:60, 158–159
Abdülmecid (Abdülmejid) (1823–1861) (r. 1839–1861), 2:71–74
primary document, 2:209–212
Nur Banu Sultan, 2:151
Omar Pasha, 1:19
Orhan Gāzi (1281–1362) (r. 1326–1362), 1:xxiv, 22–24; 2:141–145
Orthodox Christians
Bulgarians and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 1:211–213
Crimean War (1853–1856) and, 1:19
Greek Orthodox Christians, 1:xviii, 204, 223; 2:106
Serbian Orthodox Church, 1:226–228
See also Christians; Religious communities
Osman I (1258–1326) (r. 1290–1326), 1:xxiv, 124; 2:146–147
Osman II (1604–1622) (r. 1618–1622), 2:133–134, 147–149
Osman III (1699–1757), 2:149
Ottoman Civil Code, 1:171
Ottoman Constitution, 1:xliii–xlvii, 147–149, 212
primary document, 2:212–219
“The Young Turk Revolution: The Second (1909) Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Selected Articles,” 2:220–222
Ottoman Unity Society (Ittihad-i Osmani Cemiyeti) (Ittihad-i Osmani Jemiyeti), 2:56
Oustas, 1:139
Pages. See Palace Pages and Royal Chambers
Palace, 1:149–151
administration, central, 1:103
Ibrahim Pasha Sarayi (Ibrahim Pasha’s Palace), 1:83
“Of the Audience and Entertainment Given to Ambassadors,” 2:170–172
Topkapi Palace, 2:106, 165–170
Palace Pages and Royal Chambers, 1:152–153
devșirme (devshirme), 1:117–119
eunuchs, 1:122–123
food and dining, 1:105–106; 2:4–13
harems, 1:122–123, 125–126
introduction to, 1:xx–xxii, xxii
kitchens, 2:6
“Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s Accounts of Women in the Ottoman Empire,” 2:183–192
“Of the Persons Which Live in the Seraglio; and Chiefly of the Women, and Virgins,” 2:172–179
Topkapi Palace, primary documents, 2:165–170
Palace school, 1:150
Palestine
Balfour Declaration (1917), 1:9–10; 2:226
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), 1:7, 50–51; 2:224–225
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), 1:48–49; 2:119
Pan-Islamism
Abdülhamid II (1842–1918) (r. 1876–1909), 2:38, 70–71
Afghani (Assadabadi), Jamal al-Din (1838/1839–1897), 2:36–40
Sayyid Jamal al-Din Afghani, 2:34
Pan-Slavic movement, 1:209; 2:64
Pan-Turkism, 1:194–195
Parades, military, 2:130
Pardoe, Julia, 2:99–100
Pargali Ibrahim Pasha (Ibrahim Pasha) (of Parga) (1493–1536), 1:82–84
Paris, Treaty of (1856), 1:xlii–xliii, 18–21, 160, 225; 2:73
Passarowitz, Treaty of (1718), 1:xxxv–xxxvi, 44–45, 51; 2:79
Patrona Halil, 1:52, 82, 143; 2:94
Peasants, land ownership and administration, 1:xxii–xxiii, 108
Peć Patriarchate, 1:212, 226
Peoples and cultures
Albania and Albanians, 1:199–203
Armenians, 1:204–208
Bosnia and Bosnians, 1:208–211
Bulgarians and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 1:211–213
Jews, 1:214–219
Kurds, 1:219–221
Moldavia, 1:221–226
religious communities (millets), 1:xviii
Serbian Orthodox Church, 1:226–228
Wallachia, 1:228–232
See also Popular Culture
Personal secretary (sir katibi), 1:152
Peter I the Great (r. 1682–1725), 2:80–81
decline of Ottoman power, 1:xxxiv–xxxvi
Moldavia, 1:223–224
Nader Shah Afshar (1688–1747), 1:141–142
“Ottoman Terms of Peace Accepted by Russia at Pruth (July 10/21, 1711),” 2:192–194
Wallachia, 1:230
Petrović, Djordje, 2:47–49, 97–98
Philiki Hetairia (Society of Friends), 1:24–27, 63–64; 2:98
Picot, Charles François Georges, 1:xlvix, 7, 50–51; 2:43
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), primary document, 2:224–225
Pirates, 1:65–67
Pir Evi (Tomb of the Founder), 2:2
Piri Reis (1465/1468/1470–1554), 1:189–191
Piri Reis Map, 1:189–190
Pir Umar al-Khalwati, 2:13
Pius V, 1:39
Podolia (Podole)
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:31–32, 121; 2:136
Poets
Bāki (Mahmud Abdülbāki), 2:160
Fuzuli, 2:160
sultans and poetry, 2:160
See also Historians, writers, poets, and scholars
Poland
Mehmed III (1566–1603) (r. 1595–1603) and, 2:110–111
Mehmed IV (1642–1693) (r. 1648–1687), 2:114–115, 162
Murad IV (1612–1640) (r. 1623–1640), 2:130–131
Mustafa II (1664–1703) (r. 1695–1703), 2:136–137
Osman II (1604–1622) (r. 1618–1622), 2:134, 147–148
Süleyman II (1642–1691) (r. 1687–1691), 2:162–163
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:30–33, 31–32, 121
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (Kuchuk Kaynarja) (1774), 1:34–36
Pomaks, 1:212
Pope Boniface IX (1389–1404), 1:xxv
Popular Culture
Bektaşi (Bektashi) Order, 2:1–4
coffee and coffeehouses, 1:181–182
food and dining, 2:4–13
Halveti Order, 2:13–15
Kadiris, 2:15–16
“Khān or Inns in the Late Ottoman Period,” primary document, 2:234–235
Mevlana Celaledin Rumi and the Mevlevi Order (Mevlevi Order of Dervishes), 2:16–20
Nakshbandi Order (Naqshbandiyyeh), 2:20–21
Nasreddin Hoca (Nasreddin Hodja), 2:21–24
Sufi orders, 2:24–29
“Turkish Baths in the Late Ottoman Period,” primary document, 2:235–236
Population growth, decline of Ottoman power and, 1:xxxi
Preveza, Battle of (1538), 1:45–46, 67
Primary Documents
“A Description of Topkapi Palace,” 2:165–170
“A European Account of the Ottoman-Russian War of 1768–1774,” 2:194–199
Balfour Declaration (1917), 2:226
“Çelebi Effendi’s Defense of Sultan Selim III’s Nizam-i Jadid (Nizam-i Cedid),” 2:200–204
“Charshees, Bedestands, and Bazaars,” 2:231–232
“Destruction of the Janissary Corps: Mahmud II’s Firman Abolishing the Janissary Corps (June 17, 1826),”
2:204–209
“Khān or Inns in the Late Ottoman Period,” 2:234–235
“Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s Accounts of Women in the Ottoman Empire,” 2:183–192
“McMahon-Hussein Correspondence of 1915: Sir Henry McMahon’s Second Note to Sharif Hussein (October 24, 1915),” 2:222–223
“Noble Rescript of Gülhane (1839),” 2:209–212
“Of the Audience and Entertainment Given to Ambassadors,” 2:170–172
“Of the Persons Which Live in the Seraglio; and Chiefly of the Women, and Virgins,” 2:172–179
Ottoman Constitution (December 1876), 2:212–219
“Ottoman Terms of Peace Accepted by Russia at Pruth (July 10/21, 1711),” 2:192–194
“Sultan Ahmed III at the Royal Parade,” 2:179–180
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), 2:224–225
“The Young Turk Revolution: The Second (1909) Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Selected Articles,” 2:220–222
“Three Currents of Thought by Ziya Gökalp,” 2:226–231
“Trade Guilds in the Ottoman Empire,” 2:232–234
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (Kuchuk Kaynarja) (1774), 2:199–200
“Treaty of Peace and Frontiers: The Ottoman Empire and Persia (May 17, 1639),” 2:181–183
“Turkish Baths in the Late Ottoman Period,” 2:235–236
Privy chamber, palace, 1:xxii, 150, 152
Provincial administration, 1:108–110
Provincial life
“Charshees, Bedestands, and Bazaars,” 2:231–232
food and dining, 2:11–12
“Trade Guilds in the Ottoman Empire,” 2:232–234
Qajar dynasty (1794–1925)
Treaty of Erzurum (1847), 1:21–22
Qasr-i Shirin (Kasr-i Sirin), Treaty of (1639), 1:45–46; 2:131
primary document, 2:181–183
Qizilbash (Kizilbaş)
Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1571–1629), 1:97–98, 100
Afshar tribe, 1:140
Battle of Chaldiran (1514), 1:15
Safavid dynasty and, 1:154
Reāyā, 1:xvii
Rebels, Reformers, and Revolutionaries
Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi (1808–1883), 2:31–34
Abduh, Muhammad (1849–1905), 2:34–35
Abdülmecid (Abdülmejid) (1823–1861) (r. 1839–1861), reforms of, 2:71–74
Afghani (Assadabadi), Jamal al-Din (1838/1839–1897), 2:36–40
Ahmed Riza (1859–1930), 2:40–41
Hussein ibn Ali (1854–1931) and the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence (1915–1916), 2:41–43
ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (1703–1792), 2:44–46
Ibn Saud Family, 2:46–47
Karadjordje (Kara George) (1762–1817), 2:47–49
Skanderbeg (Gjergj (George) Kastrioti, Iskender Bey) (1405–1468), 2:49–51
Tasvir-i Efkār (Representation of Opinions), 2:51–53
Urabi, Ahmad Pasha (1840–1911), 2:53–55