The Twilight of the American Enlightenment
Page 21
Authoritarianism, 25, 53, 54, 141
Autonomy, 22, 31, 32, 40, 42, 98, 112
Ayer, A. J., 74
Baldwin, James, 12, 13, 15
Baptists, xxiv, 98, 146, 152, 159
Barlow, Peter: cartoon by, 121 (fig.)
Barrett, William, 71, 72, 73, 75–76
Barton, David, 147
Becker, Carl, 51
Behavioral psychology, 77–78, 81
Bell, Daniel, 58, 130
Bellah, Robert, 94
Benedict, Ruth, 88
Bible reading, xii, 109, 133, 148, 149
Biblical teachings, 100, 118–119, 146, 168
Black Power, 67
Blake, Eugene Carlson, 111
Blanshard, Paul, 52, 107
Blue laws, 109
Brokaw, Tom, xii
Buckley, William F., xviii, 52–53
Calvinism, 91
Camus, Albert, 29
Capitalism, 8, 30, 93
commoditization/objectification of, 26
technocracy of, 95
Carnegie Foundation, xxxvi
Carter, Jimmy, 138, 139
Catholicism, 53, 109, 137, 161, 176
democracy and, 52
fascism and, 52
freedom and, 52
Catholics, xviii, xxvii, 18, 97, 110, 139, 152, 159, 161, 178
abortion and, 136, 141
censorship and, 89
consensus and, 63
Equal Rights Amendment and, 137
ethnic, xi, 63
immigrant, 160
urban political power and, 62
Censorship, xii, 89, 138
Center for Public Justice, 170
Change, xvi, 84, 86, 171
cultural, 136, 139
historical, 129–130
incremental, 63, 64
social, 38, 63
Child rearing, ix, 90–92
Christian establishment, 125, 134
Christianity, xxvi, 18, 100, 103, 109, 118, 140, 142, 146, 147, 149, 168
African American, 112
conservative, 173
education and, 99
fragmentation of, 18
Islam and, 173
modernist, 100–104, 123
natural science and, xxv
progressive, 124
protestant, xxiii, xxiv, 99, 133, 157, 177
recognition of, xxvi
religious right and, 19
science/thought and, 101
secular humanism and, 142
Church-state separation, 157, 158, 159, 161
Civil rights, xvii, 59, 63–64, 65
Civil rights movement, 62, 63, 67, 127
Civility, 14, 47, 173
Civilization, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xx, 20, 27, 80
democratic, 45
priorities of, 105
public conversations on, xviii
quality of, 2, 3, 15
rebuilding, 17
technological, 36
thinking about, 2, 6
voluntary, xxiv
Class, 13, 159
Cold War, xii, xvii, xxxiii, 17, 22, 45, 61, 108, 127
anxieties of, 131
privatization and, 106
Commercialism, xxv, xxxviii, 42, 87
Common grace, 169, 172
Communism, xxxiv, xxxviii, 108, 115, 130, 133
Community, 9, 42, 55, 57, 59, 132
building, 46–47, 51
ethnoreligious, xi, 156, 160, 174
evangelical, 176, 177
intellectual, 139
moral, 51
virtues of, x–xi
Como, Perry, 7
Conformity, 26, 27, 29, 38, 39, 42, 43, 70, 111
nonconformity and, 92
warnings against, 37
Congregationalists, xxiv, 98
Consensus, xvi, xix, xxii, xxiv, xxvi, xxviii, 59, 63, 145, 152, 172
building, 46–47, 154, 167
Christian, 125, 143, 144
cultural, 60, 155, 161, 173
domestic, 108
liberal, 44, 127
life/politics and, 103
national, 1, 100, 167
public, 1, 167, 174
Conservative Catholics, 138, 161
Conservative Christians, 162, 171
Protestant establishment and, 150, 161
Conservative evangelicals, 108, 128, 129, 139
Equal Rights Amendment and, 137
Conservatives, xix, 168, 171
Consumerism, 11, 12, 37, 42
Corruption, 5–6, 115
Counterculture, 95, 127, 135, 139
Cultural analysis, xiv, xv, xvii, xxv, 75, 141
Cultural crisis, xiii, xvii, 102, 104, 129, 145
Cultural revolution, xvi, xvii, 10
Cultural trends, 98, 137, 140
Culture, xii, xv, xxii, xxvi, xxxvii, 81, 95, 105, 139, 156
American, ix, 97, 134
bureaucratic, 93
class, xxv
commercial, 150
consensus, xvi, 152
economic, 121
emerging, 94
heart of, 5
high, 8, 10, 11–12, 16
homogenized, 8
levels of, 15
liberal, 44, 51, 92, 120, 171, 174
mainstream, 84, 98, 99, 101, 152, 158, 162, 174, 177
mass, xiii, 7–16, 19, 21, 127
modern, 14, 23, 24, 75, 119
political, 121, 171
producing, 12, 18
public, 45, 174
religion and, 151, 162, 163
secular, 127, 151, 162
shared, 14
television and, 7
youth, x
Culture wars, xxvi, 16, 125, 140, 145, 162, 170, 178
politics of, 128
stereotypes of, 176
Curtis, Tony, 12
Dahl, Robert, 61
Darwin, Charles, 48, 49
Darwinism, xxiv, 48, 168
Dean, James, 29
Democracy, xxiv, xxxiii, 45, 46
Catholicism and, 52
individual fulfillment/community responsibility and, 57
religion of, 111
science and, 50
Democratic Party, gay rights and, 139
Dewey, John, 18, 43, 84, 85
Niebuhr and, 116, 117, 118
Disciples of Christ, 98
Discipline, xi, xxxvii, 93, 135
Discourse
conventions on, xxvii–xxviii
mainstream, 160
public, 105, 138, 157, 167, 175
rational, xxviii, 75
religious, 174–175
Diversity, xxv, 45, 127, 152
religious, 106, 151, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 171, 177
Dobson, James, 135
Dogmatism, 58, 59, 124, 153
Douthat, Ross, xii
Dulles, John Foster, 8
Dunn, Alan: cartoon by, 55 (fig.)
Economic growth, xxxviii, 59, 101
Economic man, 93
Economic system, 105, 115
Education, xxxii, xxxvi, 17, 22, 35, 81, 130, 150, 152, 157, 158, 176
Christendom and, 99
civility and, 47
Ehrenhalt, Alan, x, xi
Eichmann, Adolf, 11
Einstein, Albert, 23
Eisenhower, Dwight D., xxxiii, 108
on democracy, 111
Little Rock and, 63
on moral law, 103
Ellison, Ralph, 2
9
Ellul, Jacques, 105
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 18, 92
Empiricism, 32, 57, 153
Enlightenment, xxii, xxiii, 17, 48, 61, 62, 71, 72, 75, 95, 112, 122, 146, 148, 149, 154
eighteenth–century, xxvii
foundations, 60
heirs of, 121
as historical term, xx–xxi
philosophy, 168
secular, 178
Entertainment, ix–x, 10, 94, 109
Episcopalians, xxiv, 98
Equal Rights Amendment, 137, 139
Equality, xxii, 59, 67, 169
Essays in the Public Philosophy (Lippmann), 44, 45, 52, 53, 56
Ethics, 34, 81, 117
Ethnicity, 13, 62–63, 125
Evangelical Protestants, 62, 133, 138, 143, 144
Evangelicalism, 140, 172, 176, 177
Evangelicals, 129, 139, 140, 146, 147, 149, 151
Christian influences and, 138
conservative, 134
moderate, 176
Existentialism, 70–71, 72, 76, 92
Faith, 18, 106, 110, 123, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171
inclusivist, 173
learning and, 177
understanding and, 165
Falwell, Jerry, 139, 142
Family, ix
definitions of, 137, 139
Family Research Council, 135
Family values, 135, 140
Fascism, Catholicism and, 52
Faulkner, William, 114
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 37–38
First Amendment, 99, 136
First principles, 62, 132
Focus on the Family, 135
Fortune, xxxii, 32, 36, 101, 103
Franklin, Benjamin, xxi, xxii, 48
Free speech, 46, 48, 59, 136
Freedom, xxii, 24, 41, 42, 54, 67, 77, 113
burden of, 25
Catholicism and, 52
civic, 149
consumerism and, 37
definitions of, 89
economic, 59, 148
escape from, 45
individual, 55, 59, 70, 82, 91, 95
loss of, 22, 36, 37
political, 22, 148
science and, 23, 70, 77
sexual, 89, 91
Freud, Sigmund, 24, 86
Freudianism, 82, 88
Friedan, Betty Goldstein, 37–38, 39, 40, 41
Friedan, Carl, 39
Fromm, Erich, 23, 26, 40, 45, 141, 145
American conversation and, 27–28
modern culture and, 24
Fundamentalism, xxv, 60, 134, 163, 172
Fundamentalist evangelicals, 129, 134, 144–145
Fundamentalists, 62, 108, 128, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 147, 151, 152, 156, 159
consciousness raising among, 141
conservative, 148–149
Gardner, John, xxxvi
Gay rights, 67, 135, 137, 139
Gender, xvii, 125, 137, 159
Government, 45, 81, 130
justice and, 169
Graham, Billy, xxxi, xxxviii, 97, 106, 128
anti–intellectualism and, 19
national consensus and, 1
on nation’s flaws, xxxvii
Great Depression, x, xxxiii, 50
Gresham’s Law, 8
Hall, Dwight, 101
Hall, Sidney: cartoon by, 91 (fig.)
Hartz, Louis, 61
“Have We Gone Soft?” (New Republic), 6, 37
Hefner, Hugh, 89
Heidegger, Martin, 71
Herberg, Will, 110, 112
Heritage, 1, 17, 18, 157, 162
American, xxvi, 138, 146, 163
Christian, 104, 112, 149
enlightenment, 148, 149
evangelical, 134
Judeo–Christian, 25, 133
national, 147
political, 66
Protestant, xxiii, 163
religious, 109, 123, 131
western, 5, 16
Hitler, Adolf, xiii, 10, 23, 25, 45
Hofstadter, Richard, 18–19
Holocaust, xiii, xviii, 11
Homosexuality, 137, 139
Horney, Karen, 40
Human nature, 13, 78, 80, 81, 90
Humanism, 50, 111
Huxley, Aldous, 78
Idealism, 66, 165
Ideals, xxi, xxv, 17, 25, 29, 32, 131
Identity, 41, 42, 67, 174
Ideology, 33, 130, 131, 153
Immigration, 160, 164, 177
Independence, 22, 24, 111
Individualism, xxxvii, 9, 52–53, 54, 92, 93, 95, 112, 118, 131
Inner-directedness, 29, 30, 31, 32
Intellectual life, 167, 174
Intellectuals, 15, 16, 17, 18, 139
mainstream, xxiii
public, xv, xviii, xxix, 4, 44, 62, 178
Islam, Christianity and, 173
Jackson, Andrew, 19
James, William, 48, 57, 76, 117–118
Lippmann and, 49, 50
Jefferson, Thomas, xxi, xxiv, 48, 147, 157
Jessup, John K., xxxiii, xxxiv
Jews, xxvii, 11, 44, 62, 97, 110, 152, 159, 161, 178
cultural conversation and, xviii
Joplin, Janis, 42
Judeo-Christian tradition, xii, 25, 133
Justice, 59, 65, 69, 113, 168, 169
Kennan, George, xxxviii
Kennedy, John F., xiv, 17, 59, 107
Kierkegaard, Søren, 71, 72
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 64, 65, 66–67, 112
Kinsey, Alfred, 88, 90
Kinsey Reports, 88, 89
Kirk, Russell, xviii
Koop, C. Everett, 141
Krutch, Joseph Wood, 51
Kuhn, Thomas, 154
Kuyper, Abraham, 169
American Protestantism and, 167
enlightenment ideal and, 168
outlook of, 163, 164–166, 170–171
LaHaye, Tim, 135, 142
Lasch, Christopher, 92, 93, 94
Lawrence, D. H., 89
Leadership, xxv, 11
cultural, xviii, xxii–xxiii, 98, 120, 127, 130
intellectual, 15, 16, 17, 18
“Letter from the Birmingham Jail” (King), 66
Levittown, 34
Lewis, C. S.: chronological snobbery, 155
Liberal Protestants, xxiv, xxv, 129, 156
Liberalism, xviii–xix, xxvi, 63, 118, 130, 149
enlightenment-based, 164
mainstream, 59, 64, 157
pragmatic, 145
prejudice and, 64
Liebman, Joshua Loth, 97
Life, xxxiii, xxxv, 2, 6, 8, 101
National Purpose and, xxxi–xxxii, 1
Lippmann, Walter, xxxi, 44, 45–46, 54, 58, 60, 76
disagreement with, 62
enlightenment and, 48
James and, 49, 50
moral law and, 52
moral standards and, 46, 50
natural law and, 47, 53, 57, 131, 153
New Deal and, 51–52
public philosophy and, 103
radical skepticism and, 51
Schlesinger and, 56, 153
on science/democracy, 50
self-fulfillment and, 56
Locke, John, xxxiv
Logical positivism, 73, 74, 75
London, Laurie, 109
Lonely Crowd, The (Riesman), 28, 31, 32, 153
Luce, Henry, 8, 102, 106
Christianity and, 103, 123
influence
of, 100–101
National Purpose and, xxxi–xxxii
theological modernism of, 104
Lutherans, xxiv, 98, 152
Macdonald, Dwight, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14
MacLeish, Archibald, xxxi, xxxvi, 55, 56
critique of Lippmann, 53–54
Madison, James, xxi, 48
Marty, Martin, 110, 111, 112
Marx, Karl, 26
Marxists, xix, 15, 18
Maslow, Abraham, 40, 41
Mass man, 19, 21, 32
Mass society, 9, 13, 14, 15, 19
Materialism, xxxvii, xxxviii, 102, 115, 120
May, Rollo, 40
McCarthy, Joseph, xxxiii, 54
McCarthyism, xvii, 17, 19, 53, 54, 59, 115
Mead, Margaret, 88
Media, xxxvi, 13, 15, 30, 93, 130, 131, 139, 152, 153, 178
anxiety over, 21
television and, 7
Metalious, Grace, 89
Miller, Arthur, 28
Model, Frank: cartoon by, xix (fig.)
Modern man, 21, 23, 24, 28, 37, 38
Modernity, xiii, xvi, xxv, 3, 11, 29, 100, 140, 173
achievement of, 23
critics of, 19, 42
postwar, 45
Monroe, Marilyn, 89
Moore, G. E., 74
Moral conservatism, 88–89
Moral laws, xxi, xxxiv, 46, 52, 65, 66, 103
Moral Majority, 133–134, 139, 142
Moral order, 47, 65, 67
Moral sensibility, 6, 65, 168
Morality, xii, xiii, 65, 67, 86, 130, 132
extremism in, 59
Judeo-Christian, 27
modern, 50, 90
pluralism and, 47
public standards of, 87–88
sexual, 136
social, 52
traditional, 51, 92
Mormons, 159, 161
Motion Picture Production Code, xii
Mouw, Richard, 170
Movies, 12, 89, 109
Murray, John Courtney, 107
Muslims, 80, 159
Nabokov, Vladimir, 89
Narcissism, 92, 93, 94, 95
Nation, The: on Lippmann, 53
National Association of Evangelicals, 128
National conversation, 1, 20, 99, 107
National Council of Churches, 107–108, 111
National Purpose, xxxi–xxxiii, xxxviii, 6
“National Purpose, The” (Life), xxxi–xxxii
National Review, The: founding of, 53
Natural law, xxi, 52, 53, 66, 69, 138, 148
pragmatism versus, 62
recovery of, 47
Natural science, xxiv, xxv, 52, 83, 86, 118, 155, 165, 168
Naturalism, 51, 165, 167, 172, 175–176
Nelson, Thomas, 147
New Deal, 51–52, 57, 58, 59
New Republic, The, 6, 44, 53
New Yorker, cartoon from, xix (fig.), xxxiv (fig.), 3 (fig.), 38 (fig.), 55 (fig.), 121 (fig.)