This Sceptred Isle

by Christopher Lee

  Drake, Francis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Drake, Roger ref 1

  Drummond, Edward ref 1

  Dryden, John ref 1

  Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland ref 1, ref 2

  Dudley, Lord Guildford ref 1

  Dudley, Robert ref 1

  Dunbar, Battle of ref 1

  Dundas, Henry, Viscount Melville ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Dupleix, Joseph ref 1, ref 2

  Dupplin Moor, Battle of ref 1

  Eadwig of Wessex ref 1

  East India Company ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20

  Eden, Anthony ref 1

  Edgar I ref 1

  Edgar II (the Æthling) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Edgecote, Battle of ref 1

  Edinburgh, Treaty of ref 1

  Edmund I ref 1

  Edmund II (Ironside) ref 1

  Edmund, 2nd Duke of Somerset ref 1

  Edmund, 4th Duke of Somerset ref 1

  Edred, King ref 1

  Education Acts ref 1, ref 2

  Edward the Confessor (formerly ‘the Albino’) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Edward I ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Edward II ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Edward III ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4 passim

  Edward IV ref 1, ref 2

  Edward of Wessex ref 1, ref 2

  Edward of Woodstock (Black Prince) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Edward the Martyr ref 1

  Edward V ref 1

  Edward VI ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Edward VII ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Edward, Duke of York ref 1

  Edward, Earl of March, see Edward IV

  Edwin, Earl ref 1

  Edwin, King ref 1

  Egypt ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Eldon, Earl of ref 1

  Eleanor of Aquitaine ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Eleanor of Castile ref 1, ref 2

  Eleanor of Provence ref 1

  Elizabeth I ref 1, ref 2, ref 3 passim, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Elizabeth II ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Elizabeth of York ref 1

  Emma of Normandy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Engels, Friedrich ref 1

  English Civil War ref 1

  declared ref 1

  Episcopalians ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Erasmus, Desiderius ref 1, ref 2

  Eric Bloodaxe ref 1, ref 2

  Eric, King ref 1

  Erley, John de ref 1

  Eugene of Savoy, Prince ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Eugenius III, Pope ref 1

  Eustace the Monk ref 1

  Exton, Peter ref 1

  Fairfax, Thomas ref 1, ref 2

  Falkirk, Battle of ref 1

  Falklands ref 1, ref 2

  Fenian Society ref 1

  feudal system ref 1

  Fielding, Henry ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  First World War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Fisher, John ref 1

  Fitzherbert, Maria ref 1

  FitzRoy, Augustus, Duke of Grafton ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  flint tools ref 1

  Flodden, Battle of ref 1, ref 2

  Florence of Worcester ref 1

  Forster, William Edward ref 1

  Fox, Charles James ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Fox, George ref 1

  Fox, Henry ref 1

  France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21

  and American War of Independence ref 1

  Britain’s colonial cooperation with ref 1

  Edward I goes to war with ref 1

  Third Republic declared in ref 1

  Henry V attacks ref 1

  Henry VIII signs truce with ref 1

  and Hundred Years War, see main entry

  Jacobite cause dropped by ref 1

  July Revolution in ref 1

  in Napoleonic Wars, see main entry

  in Seven Years War, see main entry

  Vikings settle in ref 1

  and War of Spanish Succession, see main entry

  and World Wars, see First World War; Second World War

  see also French Revolution; French Revolutionary Wars; individual monarchs

  Francis I of France ref 1

  Francis II of France ref 1

  Francis, Philip ref 1

  Franco-Prussian Alliance ref 1

  Franco-Prussian War ref 1

  Franks ref 1

  Franz Ferdinand, Archduke ref 1

  Frederick II of Prussia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Frederick, Prince of Wales ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Frederick, Prince, Duke of York ref 1

  free schooling introduced ref 1

  French Revolution ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  French Revolutionary Wars ref 1 passim, ref 2, ref 3

  Friends of the Earth ref 1

  Frobisher, Martin ref 1

  Fry, Michael ref 1, ref 2

  Gaelic Uprising ref 1

  Gainsborough, Thomas ref 1

  gambling ref 1

  Gandhi, Mohandas ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Gardiner, Stephen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Garrick, David ref 1

  Gascony ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Gascoyne-Cecil, Robert, Marquess of Salisbury ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Gates, Gen. Horatio ref 1

  Gates, Thomas ref 1, ref 2

  Gaul ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Gaveston, Piers ref 1, ref 2

  General Strike ref 1

  Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Geoffrey of Anjou ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Geographica (Strabo) ref 1

  George I ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  George II ref 1, ref 2 passim, ref 3 passim, ref 4, ref 5

  George III ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21

  George IV ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  George, Duke of Clarence ref 1

  George of Denmark, Prince ref 1, ref 2

  Gerald of Wales ref 1

  Germany ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Britain’s Victorian ties with ref 1

  England’s medieval ties with ref 1

  and World Wars, see First World War; Second World War

  Gibbon, Edward ref 1

  Gibraltar ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Gilbert de Clare ref 1

  Gilbert, Humphrey ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Gildas the Wise ref 1

  gin ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Gladstone, William ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  Glanvill, Rannulf ref 1

  Glencoe massacre ref 1

  Glorious Revolution ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Glyndŵr, Owen ref 1, ref 2

  Goderich, Lord ref 1, ref 2

  Godiva, Lady ref 1, ref 2

  Godolphin, Sidney ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Godwine, Earl of Wessex ref 1, ref 2

  Goldsmith, Oliver ref 1

  Gordon, Gen. Charles ref 1, ref 2

  Graeme, John, Viscount Dundee ref 1

  grain famine ref 1

  Grand Alliance ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Grattan, Henry ref 1

  graves, ancient ref 1

  ‘Great Britain’, constitutional use of ref 1

  Great Depression ref 1

  Great Fire of Lon
don ref 1, ref 2

  Great Plague of London ref 1

  Greek War of Independence ref 1

  Gregory I, Pope ref 1, ref 2

  Gregory VII, Pope ref 1

  Grenada ref 1, ref 2

  Grenville, George ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Grenville, James ref 1

  Grenville, Lord ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Grenville, Richard ref 1

  Greville, Charles ref 1, ref 2

  Grey, Earl Charles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Grey, Lady Jane, see Jane

  Grey, Lord ref 1, ref 2

  Grey, Richard ref 1

  Grim, Edward ref 1

  Gruffudd, Dafydd ap ref 1, ref 2

  Gruffudd, Llewelyn ap ref 1, ref 2

  Guadeloupe ref 1

  Guala (Papal Legate) ref 1

  Guisborough, Walter of ref 1

  Gunhilde ref 1

  Gunpowder Plot ref 1, ref 2

  Guthrum, King ref 1

  Guthrum II, King ref 1

  Guyana ref 1

  Gwynedd, Owen ref 1, ref 2

  Habsburgs ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Haeston, King ref 1

  Hafdan, King ref 1

  Haig, Gen. Douglas ref 1

  Hakluyt, Richard ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Halidon Hill, Battle of ref 1

  Halifax, Marquess of ref 1

  Halley’s Comet ref 1, ref 2

  Hamilton, Marquess of ref 1

  Hamilton, William ref 1

  Hamilton-Gordon, George, Lord Aberdeen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hampden, John ref 1, ref 2

  Hanway, Jonas ref 1

  Harcourt, Robert ref 1

  Hardie, Keir ref 1

  Hardrada III ref 1

  Hargreaves, James ref 1

  Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Harold I ref 1

  Harold II ref 1, ref 2

  Harthacnut, King ref 1

  Hastings, Battle of, see Britain: Norman Conquest

  Hastings, Warren ref 1, ref 2

  Havana ref 1, ref 2

  Hawkesbury, Lord ref 1

  Hawkings, Christopher ref 1

  Hawkins, John ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Hengist ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Henrietta Maria of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Henry I ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Henry II ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4 passim, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  as Lord of Ireland ref 1

  Henry III ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Henry IV ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Henry V ref 1

  Henry V, Emperor ref 1, ref 2

  Henry VI ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Henry VI, Emperor ref 1

  Henry VII ref 1

  Henry VIII ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5n, ref 6, ref 7

  Henry the Fowler ref 1

  Henry, Earl of Lincoln ref 1

  Henry, Prince of Wales ref 1

  Henry the Young King ref 1

  Herbert, Sidney ref 1, ref 2

  Hereward the Wake ref 1, ref 2

  Hertzog, J. B. M. ref 1

  hippies ref 1

  Historia Brittonium (Nennius) ref 1

  Historia Ecclesiastica (Bede) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Historia Ecclesiastica (Orderic Vitalis) ref 1

  Historia Regum ref 1

  Hitler, Adolf ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Hobbes, Thomas ref 1

  Hobsbawm, Eric ref 1

  Hogarth, William ref 1

  Holwell, John Zephaniah ref 1

  Holy Roman Empire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Home, George ref 1

  Home, Lord ref 1

  Hong Kong ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Honorius, Pope ref 1

  Hood, Robin ref 1, ref 2

  Hopton, Ralph ref 1

  Horsa ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Howard, Catherine ref 1, ref 2

  Howard, Lord Thomas ref 1, ref 2

  Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey ref 1

  Howe, Gen. William ref 1

  Hudson Bay ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hudson, Henry ref 1

  Hugh the Brown ref 1

  Huguenots ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Hundred Years War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  Hungerford, Thomas ref 1

  Hunt, Henry ref 1

  hunter-gatherers ref 1, ref 2

  Huskisson, William ref 1

  Hutton, Matthew ref 1

  Hyde, Anne ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  ice ages ref 1

  Iceni ref 1

  income tax ref 1, ref 2; see also taxation

  India ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

  Black Hole of Calcutta ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  foundations of British empire in ref 1

  Mutiny (Sepoy Rebellion) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5 passim

  Sikh Wars ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Industrial Revolution ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Innocent III, Pope ref 1

  Innocent IV, Pope ref 1

  Interregnum ref 1

  Intolerable Acts ref 1, ref 2

  Iraq ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Ireland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19

  Black and Tans in ref 1

  Britain suspends Parliament of ref 1

  Britain’s union with ref 1 passim, ref 2

  Church of ref 1

  Defenders in ref 1

  famines in ref 1

  and Home Rule ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  and Jacobite cause ref 1

  new Constitution for ref 1

  and Partition ref 1

  religious identity in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  see also Irish Rebellion; Ulster; United Irishmen

  Irish Rebellion (1798) ref 1, ref 2

  Irish Republican Army ref 1, ref 2

  Iron Curtain ref 1

  iron industry ref 1

  Irwin, Lord ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Isabella of Angoulême ref 1

  Isabella, Duchess of Clarence ref 1

  Isabella of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Isabella of Valois ref 1

  Italy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  and World Wars, see First World War; Second World War

  Jackson, Andrew ref 1

  Jacobins ref 1

  Jacobites ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Jadeja, Ranjisinghi Vibhaji ref 1

  Jamaica ref 1, ref 2

  James I of Scotland ref 1

  James I/VI ref 1, ref 2, ref 3 passim, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20

  first Parliament of ref 1

  James II/VII ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  James IV of Scotland ref 1

  James V of Scotland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  James, Duke of Monmouth ref 1, ref 2

  Jameson, Dr Leander Starr ref 1

  Jane, Queen (Lady Jane Grey) ref 1

  Jansz, William ref 1

  Japan ref 1, ref 2

  Jefferson, Thomas ref 1

  Jeffreys, Judge George ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Jenkins, Capt. Robert ref 1; see also War of Jenkins’s Ear

  Jenkinson, Robert Banks, Lord Liverpool ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Jerusalem ref 1

  Jews ref 1, ref 2

  Jinnah, Muhammad Ali ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Joan of Arc ref 1, ref 2

  John II of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  John of Gaunt ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
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  John, King ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Johnson, Samuel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Jordan, Dora ref 1

  Judd, Andrew ref 1

  Junius Letters ref 1

  Jutes in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Kendal, Duchess of ref 1, ref 2

  Kent, Duchess of ref 1, ref 2

  Kentish rebellion in ref 1

  Ket, Robert ref 1

  Kilkenny, Statute of ref 1

  Kinloss, Lord ref 1

  Kirke, Col. ref 1, ref 2

  Kitchener, Gen. Horatio ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Knox, John ref 1, ref 2

  Kruger, Paul ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Labour Party ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  first PM from ref 1

  post-war landslide of ref 1

  Lamb, Lady Caroline ref 1

  Lamb, Viscount Melbourne ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Lancaster, John ref 1, ref 2

  land, becomes commodity ref 1

  Lane, Ralph ref 1, ref 2

  Lanfranc, Archbishop ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Langton, Archbishop ref 1, ref 2

  Lansdowne, William, Earl of Shelburne ref 1

  Latin America ref 1, ref 2

  Laud, William ref 1, ref 2

  Lawrence, Henry ref 1

  League of Nations ref 1, ref 2

  Lehzen, Baroness ref 1

  Leiberich, General Karl Mack von ref 1

  Lennox, Slaughter of ref 1

  Leo III, Pope ref 1

  Leo X, Pope ref 1n

  Leofric, Earl of Mercia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Leopold of Austria (twelfth c.) ref 1

  Leopold of Austria (seventeenth c.) ref 1

  Leopold of Belgium ref 1

  Levant Company ref 1, ref 2

  Levellers ref 1

  Leven, Earl of ref 1

  Lewes, Battle of ref 1

  Liberal Unionists ref 1

  Liberals ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  formation of ref 1

  Lilburne, John ref 1

  Lincoln, Battle of ref 1

  Lind, James ref 1

  Linlithgow, Lord ref 1

  Lloyd George, David ref 1, ref 2

  Lloyd, Edward ref 1

  Local Government Act ref 1, ref 2

  Lollards ref 1, ref 2

  London ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  adult death rate in ref 1

  Charing Cross ref 1

  first Lord Mayor of ref 1

  Great Fire of ref 1, ref 2

  Great Plague of ref 1

  Tower of ref 1

  Tower of, Princes imprisoned in ref 1, ref 2

  Treaty of ref 1, ref 2

  Whitehall, state of ref 1

  London Company ref 1, ref 2

  Lords Appellant ref 1

  Louis VII of France ref 1, ref 2

  Louis VIII of France ref 1, ref 2

  Louis IX of France ref 1

  Louis XI of France ref 1

  Louis XIV of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9