The Battle of Glendale
Page 14
Crenshaw’s (Virginia) Battery Purcell (Virginia) Battery
Letcher’s (Virginia) Battery
HOLMES’DIVISION
Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes
Ransom’s Brigade Daniel’s Brigade
Brig. Gen. Robert Ransom Jr. Brig. Gen. Junius Daniel
24th North Carolina 43rd North Carolina
25th North Carolina 45th North Carolina
26th North Carolina 50th North Carolina
35th North Carolina Burroughs’ Battalion (Cavalry)
48th North Carolina
49th North Carolina
Walker’s Brigade Artillery
Brig. Gen. J.G. Walker Branch’s (Virginia) Battery
3rd Arkansas Brem’s (North Carolina) Battery
2nd Georgia Battalion French’s (Virginia) Battery
27th North Carolina Graham’s (Virginia) Battery
46th North Carolina Grandy’s (Virginia) Battery
30th Virginia Lloyd’s (North Carolina) Battery
Goodwyn’s Cavalry
Wise’s Command
Brig. Gen. Henry A. Wise
26th Virginia
46th Virginia
4th Virginia Heavy Artillery
10th Virginia Cavalry
Andrews’ (Alabama) Battery
Armistead’s (Virginia) Battery
French’s (Virginia) Battery
Nelson (Virginia) Battery
Reserve Artillery
Brig. Gen. W.N. Pendleton
1st Virginia Artillery Richardson’s Battalion
Col. J. Thompson Brown Maj. Charles Richardson
Williamsburg (Virginia) Artillery Fluvanna (Virginia) Battery
Richmond Fayette Battery Milledge’s (Georgia) Battery
2nd Co. Richmond Howitzers Ashland (Virginia) Battery
Jones’ Battalion Sumter’s (Georgia) Battalion
Maj. H.P. Jones Lieut. Col. A.S. Cutts
Long Island (Virginia) Battery Blackshear’s Company
Orange Richmond (Virginia) Battery Lane’s Company
Rhett’s (South Carolina) Battery Price’s Company
Ross’ Company
Hamilton’s Battery
Nelson’s Battalion
Maj. William Nelson
Fluvanna (Virginia) Battery
Amherst (Virginia) Battery
Morris (Virginia) Battery
Cavalry
Brig. Gen. James E.B. Stuart
1st North Carolina
1st Virginia
3rd Virginia
4th Virginia
5th Virginia
9th Virginia
10th Virginia
Cobb’s (Georgia) Legion
Critcher’s (Virginia) Battalion
Hampton’s (South Carolina) Legion
Jeff. Davis Legion
Stuart Horse Artillery
Chew’s (Virginia) Battery
NOTES
Abbreviations for cited sources:
OR: U.S. War Department, War of the Rebellion. All citations are to series 1, volume 11, part 2 unless otherwise noted.
LOC: Library of Congress.
RNBP: Richmond National Battlefield Park.
CHAPTER 1
1. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 13.
2. Hartwig, To Antietam Creek, 62–63.
3. OR, 490, Lee’s report of March 6, 1863.
4. Ibid., 553, Jackson’s report, February 20, 1863.
5. Ibid., 38–41, Union casualty returns; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 249; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 136.
CHAPTER 2
6. Hartwig, To Antietam Creek, 142–44.
7. Ibid., 83–86, 158–60; Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 62.
CHAPTER 3
8. OR, 493–94, Lee’s report of March 6, 1863; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 156.
9. For McClellan, two other roads existed slightly to the east, one at Smith’s Store and one past Samaria Church; these were roughly three and five miles away and were used by the Army of the Potomac in 1864. Williams, Lincoln finds a General, 233–34; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 256–57. Sears adds that another, closer road was discovered and later used “by accident.”
10. The sleepy crossroads was also known by other names, such as “New Market,” “Frayser’s Farm,” “Charles City Crossroads,” “Riddell’s Shop” and “Nelson’s Farm.” The battle would come to be known by all of these.
11. OR, 192–95, Keyes’s report of July 20, 1862; 525, Baker’s report of July 27, 1862; 532–33, Rosser’s report of July 26, 1862; 235, Averell’s report of July 7, 1862; Rhodes, All for the Union, 64; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 157–59.
12. OR, 494, Lee’s report of March 6, 1863.
13. OR, 662, Magruder’s report of August 12, 1862; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 263–64; letter of Edward E. Davis, 1st Minnesota, July 5, 1862, Davis Papers, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 199; Rafuse, McClellan’s War, 226; Rhodes, All for the Union, 64.
14. OR, 21–22, McClellan’s report of July 15, 1862; Rafuse, McClellan’s War, 226; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 267; Williams, Lincoln Finds a General, 235.
15. OR, 662–64, Magruder’s report of August 12, 1862; 675, D.R. Jones letter to Magruder, June 28, 1862; vol. 11, part 3, 625, D.R. Jones letter to Magruder, June 29, 1862. This was the same letter, sent on two different days. Both notes are cited as a point of interest.
16. Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 265–66.
17. Franklin, “Rear-Guard Fighting,” 371–73.
18. OR, 494, Lee’s report of March 6, 1862; 664, Magruder’s report of August 12, 1862; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 266–67; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 166–67.
19. Freeman, R.E. Lee, 174.
20. OR, 716, McLaws’s report of July 20, 1862; 726, Kershaw’s report of July 17, 1862.
21. Franklin, “Rear-Guard Fighting,” 372–73.
22. OR, 726–27, Kershaw’s report; 735, James D. Nance’s report of July 11, 1862; 741, Aiken’s report of July 10, 1862; 747, Stephen D. Lee’s report of July 22, 1862.
23. Ibid., 91–92, Burns’s report; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 215.
24. OR, 720–21, Semmes’s report of July 4, 1862.
25. Ibid., 476–77, Brooks’s report, of July 19, 1862; 479, Grant’s report of July 9, 1862.
26. Ibid., 740–41, Aiken’s report of July 10, 1862; 743, Henegan’s report of July 14, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 219–20.
27. OR, 750, Barksdale’s report of July 24, 1862.
28. Ibid., 99, Heintzelman’s report of July 21, 1862.
29. Dowdey and Manarin, Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, 205.
30. OR, 665, Magruder’s report of August 12, 1862; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 274; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 221–23.
31. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 221; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 188.
32. Charleston Daily Courier, July 22, 1862, quoted in Wyckoff, History of the 3rd South Carolina.
33. Letter from Robert Boyd to his father, July 6, 1862, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 47.
34. Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 269; letter from M.A. Miller to Jed. Hotchkiss, May 26, 1896, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 19.
35. Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate, 136; Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 105–6.
36. Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 488–89. Robertson cites a letter for R.H. Chilton to J.E.B. Stuart dated June 29.
37. Hartwig, To Antietam Creek, 69.
CHAPTER 4
38. Franklin, “Rear-Guard Fighting,” 375.
39. OR, 55, Richardson’s report of July 6, 1862; George W. Batchelder Papers; Mason, Until Antietam, 158.
40. Franklin, “Rear-Guard Fighting,” 376.
41. Ibid., 376–77.
42. Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 203–4; OR, 292–94, Martindale’s report of March 27, 1863.
&n
bsp; 43. OR, 228, Porter’s report of July 8, 1862.
44. Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 201–2; OR, 913–14, Junius Daniel’s report of July 16, 1862.
45. OR, 665, Jackson’s report of February 20, 1863; 659–60, Magruder’s report of August 12, 1863; Hill, “McClellan’s Change of Base,” 386; Webb, Peninsula, 141; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 204.
46. Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 209–10. Manarin cites Henry Robinson Berkeley’s Four Years in the Confederate Artillery, 20, and John Casler’s Four Years in the Stonewall Brigade, 94; OR, 627, D.H. Hill’s report of July 3, 1862; Stiles, Four Years Under Marse Robert, 95.
47. Stiles, Four Years Under Marse Robert, 98–99. It should be noted that historian James Robertson thinks that Stiles’s story is a fabrication. He bases this on the fact that it had rained the night before—the ground would have been muddy. Jackson’s dust-tinged clothing would have been wet. Stonewall Jackson, note 27, page 877. Freeman also doubts its veracity in Lee’s Lieutenants, vol. 1, 570. Other authors have accepted Stiles’s story. The truth cannot be known. Freeman commented, “The essential facts of a conference, at which Jackson appeared alert and aggressive, do not seem open to question.”
48. OR, 666, Magruder’s report of August 12, 1862.
CHAPTER 5
49. Warner, Generals in Gray, 143–44.
50. OR, 789, Huger’s report of July 21, 1862; 494, Lee’s report of March 6, 1863.
51. Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 278–79.
52. OR, 789, Huger’s report of July 21, 1862; 161–62, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862.
53. Ibid., 809, A.R. Wright’s report of July 12, 1862; 797, Mahone’s report of July 10, 1862; 790, Huger’s report of July 21, 1862.
54. Ibid., 798, Mahone’s report of July 10, 1862; 435, Slocum’s report of July 10, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 24; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 221.
55. Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate, 143.
56. OR, 906–7, Holmes’s report of July 15, 1862; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 25; Warner, Generals in Gray, 141.
57. OR, 532, Colonel Thomas Rosser report of July 26, 1862, 532.
58. Ibid., 350, Sykes’s report of July 7, 1862; 228, Porter’s report of July 8, 1862; 906, Holmes’s report of July 15, 1862; Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 106; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 291; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 268.
59. OR, 907, Holmes’s report of July 15, 1862; 228, Porter’s report of July 8, 1862; 910, Deshler’s report of July 15, 1862.
60. Ibid., 910, Deshler’s report of July 15, 1862; 907, Holmes’s report of July 15, 1862; Alexander, Memoirs, 141; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 292.
61. OR, 911, Deshler’s report of July 15, 1862; Hill, “McClellan’s Change of Base,” 390. Deshler was to be killed later in the war at Missionary Ridge.
62. OR, 907–8, Holmes’s report of July 15, 1862; 228–29, Porter’s report of July 8, 1862.
63. Ibid., 666–67, Magruder’s report of August 12, 1862; 675, “Enclosure No. 3,” Longstreet’s message to Magruder; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, vol. 1, 584–85; Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 107; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 291.
CHAPTER 6
64. Dabney, Life and Campaigns, 464; Franklin, “Rear-Guard Fighting,” 377–78.
65. Franklin, “Rear-Guard Fighting,” 378–79; Vandiver, Mighty Stonewall, 314; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 251; OR, 465–66, Ayers’s report of July 10, 1862; 561, Crutchfield’s report of January 23, 1863. The number of guns is uncertain—Crutchfield said it was twenty-three, Hill said twenty-six, Jackson twenty-eight. The author has opted to go with the artillery commander; 477, Brooks’s report of July 9, 1862; 557, Jackson’s report of February 20, 1863; 627, D.H. Hill’s report (undated); Hill, Battles & Leaders, 387; Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America, 125; Mason, Until Antietam, 160; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 256; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 212–19; Haskew, Appomattox, 157. Most of the Confederate guns were six-pound smoothbores or twelve-pound Napoleons, but there were a few rifled guns. Manarin states that there was one James rifle and two ten-pound Parrotts, as well as two three-inch Burton and Archer guns. The rifled guns had superior range and could fire at the Union guns at the top of the opposing ridge.
66. OR, 59, Rufus King’s report of July 6, 1862; 561, Crutchfield’s report of January 23, 1863; 465–66, Ayers’s report of July 10, 1862; 56–57, Pettit’s report of July 5, 1862; 655, Rhett’s report of July 12, 1862. Rhett discusses the advantage the Federal artillery held with its rifled guns. The Confederacy at this time was disadvantaged in terms of the range of its artillery and the weight of its ordnance. This shortcoming would be further felt the next day at Malvern Hill and at Antietam (Sharpsburg) in September. It would not be remedied until the following spring; Freeman, R.E. Lee, 196; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 253.
67. Smith, Autobiography of Major General William F. Smith, 46.
68. Franklin, “Rear-Guard Fighting,” 379.
69. OR, 81, Sedgwick’s report of July 5, 1862.
70. Munford letter to John C. Ropes, December 7, 1897, Munford/Ellis papers, Duke University, cited in Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, note 37, page 878; Hill, Battles & Leaders, 387–88. The comment verifying the story of the Irish soldier was by the editor, who cited The Century magazine; Gwynne, Rebel Yell, 323.
71. Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate, letters from Thomas Munford and Wade Hampton, 149–51; Freeman, R.E. Lee, 197.
72. OR, 809–11, report of Ambrose Wright, July 12, 1862; Franklin, “Rear-Guard Fighting,” 378–81; Freeman, R.E. Lee, 196–97. Freeman noted that other than sending Wright back, Jackson did not seem to make any other effort to communicate with the Confederate leaders south of the swamp.
73. Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, note 45, letter from Dabney to Hotchkiss, April 22, 1896, 878; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 259.
74. Hill, Battles & Leaders, vol. 2, 389.
75. McGuire, “General T.J. (‘Stonewall’) Jackson,” 98.
76. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 107; Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate, 152–53.
77. Munford letter of December 7, 1897, John C. Ropes Collection, Boston University, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 177.
78. OR, 557, Jackson’s report of February 20, 1863; Wise, Long Arm of Lee, 220.
79. Krick, “Sleepless in the Saddle,” 82–85; Gwynne, Rebel Yell, 317. Gwynne cites a letter from Pendleton to his mother, June 7, 1862, from W.G. Bean’s Stonewall’s Man: Sandie Pendleton, 364; Thomas Carter quoted by R. Willis in a letter to John Ropes, January 7, 1895, John C. Ropes Collection, Boston University.
80. Krick, “Sleepless in the Saddle,” 82.
81. Vandiver, Mighty Stonewall, 317.
82. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 262, Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 497–98; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 288; Gwynne, Rebel Yell, 377–78.
CHAPTER 7
83. Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 136; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 238.
84. The author had never heard the battle referred to as “Turkey Creek” but found that reference in OR, 428, Taggart’s report of July 4, 1862.
85. Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 225–26; Robert Dunkerly, “The Battle of Glendale and the Gravel Hill Community,” from Hallowed Ground, 2012.
86. OR, 254–55, Randol’s report of July 7, 1862; 389–90, McCall’s report of August 12, 1862; 402–3, Seymour’s report of July 15, 1862; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 137; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 275–76; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 86; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 228–29.
87. OR, 390, McCall’s report of August 12, 1862; 402–3, Seymour’s report of July 15, 1862; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 139; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 227–29; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 86; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 154, 275. Reynolds was captured on the morning after the
battle at Gaines’s Mill as he was trying to reach the new Federal lines. He had become separated trying to negotiate the swamp and had rested for the night, but by morning, Confederate troops were all around.
88. OR, 123, Grover’s report of July 12, 1862; 151, Carr’s report of July 8, 1862; 138, Sickles’s report of July 9, 1862; 111, Hooker’s report of July 15, 1862; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 227; Jones, Wilmer, Generals in Blue and Gray, vol. 1, 235.
89. OR, 111, Hooker’s report of July 15, 1862; 151, Carr’s report of July 8, 1862; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 86, 90.
90. OR, 162, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862.
91. Ibid., 838, Hill’s report of February 28, 1863.
92. Ibid., 759, Longstreet’s report of July 29, 1862; Longstreet, “Seven Days, Including Frayser’s Farm,” Battles & Leaders vol. 2, 400–401.
93. Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 232–34; Freeman, R.E. Lee, 186.
94. OR, 390, McCall’s report of August 12, 1862; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 138; Thompson and Rauch, History of the “Bucktails,” 126; Harper, If Thee Must Fight, 121; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 265; Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 107; Alexander, Memoirs, 153.
CHAPTER 8
95. Although it is unusual to footnote a title, in this case it is necessary. The order of events of Kemper’s and Jenkins’s attacks is not completely clear. Some authors imply that Jenkins’s main effort was first, followed by Kemper’s. Most sources point to Kemper attacking first. The author is making his best estimate by relaying the story as follows. The reader is certainly free to draw his or her own conclusions.
96. Alexander, Memoirs, 140.
97. OR, 763–65, Kemper’s report of July 17, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 281; Warfield, Manassas to Appomattox, 77.
98. OR, 265, Arndt’s report of July 7, 1862; 764, Kemper’s report of July 17, 1862; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 138; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 238–39; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 90.
99. OR, 763–64, Kemper’s report of July 17, 1862.
100. Johnston, “Charge of Kemper’s Brigade,” 391–93; Jordan, “My Worst Three Days,” 210.
101. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 282; OR, 407, Childs’s report of July 6, 1862; 265, Arndt’s report of July 7, 1862; 428, Taggart’s report of July 5, 1862. In his report, Union general Truman Seymour was extremely critical of the Federal retreat. He said that the defenders had offered “very weak resistance” and “never should have been driven” from their shelter of rails and logs; OR, 403, Seymour’s report of July 15, 1862; Warfield, Manassas to Appomattox, 77–78; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 265.