The Battle of Glendale

by Douglas Crenshaw

  102. OR, 123, Grover’s report of July 12, 1862.

  103. Ibid., 763–65, Kemper’s report of July 17, 1862; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 91.

  104. OR, 390, McCall’s report of August 12, 1862; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 241.

  105. OR, 765, Kemper’s report of July 17, 1862; 425, Kirk’s report of July 6, 1862; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 139; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 296–97; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 242; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 283.

  106. OR, 883, Branch’s report (undated); 131–32, Marston’s report of July 10, 1862; 133–34, Wells’s report of July 4, 1862; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 243.

  107. George W.Scheck, Grand Army Papers, RNBP, bound volume no. 4; Hill, Our Boys, 317; Riggs, 7th Virginia Infantry, 11; Bell, 11th Virginia Infantry, 27; OR, 765, Kemper’s report of July 17, 1862; 390, McCall’s report of August 12, 1862; 403, Seymour’s report of July 15, 1862; 769, Strange’s report of July 15, 1862; 883, Branch’s report (undated); Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 283–85; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 266–67; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 91.

  108. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 284–85; OR, 769, Strange’s report of July 15, 1862.

  109. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 285–86; OR, 417–18, Stone’s report of July 1, 1862.

  110. Private Yoder’s story is taken from Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 93–94. Ent cites the Somerset Herald, March 31, 1897.

  111. Warfield, Manassas to Appomattox, 79; Wilson article in the National Tribune, April 21, 1887, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 105.

  112. OR, 86, Edmund Kirby’s report (not dated); 92, Burns’s report of July 5, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 282–83, 285; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 254.

  113. OR, 94, Dana’s report of July 5, 1862; Miller, Harvard’s Civil War, 148–49; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 285.

  114. Miller, Harvard’s Civil War, 150–51. It is not completely clear whether the Confederates were from Strange’s unit or that of Branch. In Extraordinary Circumstances, Burton makes the case that they were from Branch, page 287.

  115. OR, 87, Sully’s report of July 6, 1862; letter from Edward Hinks to E.P. Bishop, Colonel Edward W. Hinks Papers, Boston University, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume 180; Captain Rice’s report of July 2, 1862, RNBP bound volume 180; letter from George W. Batchelder Papers, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 180; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 286–88; Dougherty and Moore, Peninsula Campaign of 1862, 51.

  116. Letter of George W. Batchelder, George W. Batchelder Papers, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 180; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 286. OR, 87, Sully’s report.

  117. OR, 111, Hooker’s report of July 15, 1862; Gottfried, Stopping Pickett. Gottfried quotes Charles H. Banes from the latter’s History of the Philadelphia Brigade (Butternut Press, 1984); OR, 92, Burns’s report of July 5, 1862; unsigned letter to the Philadelphia Inquirer, July 10, 1862, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 146.

  118. OR, 112, Hooker’s report of July 15, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 287–88.

  CHAPTER 9

  119. Lieutenant Frank Amsden was in command of Battery G, as its commander, Captain Mark Kerns, had been wounded at Gaines’s Mill, Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 237.

  120. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 275–78; OR, 410, Cooper’s report (undated); 390, McCall’s report of August 12, 1862; OR, vol. 11, parts 12–13, Jenkins’s report (undated), 442; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 138; Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 107; Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate, 153. Alexander states that Longstreet ordered Jenkins to charge and does not mention using sharpshooters. This would imply that Jenkins followed orders exactly as he heard them. The truth cannot be known, as it is not certain that Alexander actually heard the orders; description of the terrain from notes by Robert E.L. Krick, historian of the RNBP; Urban, Battlefield and Prison Pen, 156–57; Baldwin, Struck Eagle, 134.

  121. Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 268–69; Alexander, Memoirs, 153; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 237–38; Robertson, General A.P. Hill, 89; Baldwin, Struck Eagle, 140. Baldwin cites the Yorkville Enquirer, August 7, 1862.

  122. OR, 410, Cooper’s report (undated); 412, Amsden’s report of July 3, 1862.

  123. Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 118.

  124. Ibid., 135; OR, 396, Cuthbertson’s letter to McCall, November 4, 1862; 423, Jackson’s report (undated); Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 237–38; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 272–73.

  125. OR, ser. 1, vol. 2, part 3, 442, Jenkins’s report (undated); Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 237–38; Baldwin, Struck Eagle, 134. Baldwin cites the James R. Boulware Diary, June 18, 1862, from the Virginia State Library; Freeman, R.E. Lee, 184.

  126. Harper, If Thee Must Fight, 128.

  127. Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 268–69.

  128. Ervin, 1910 Memoirs of Richard Baxter Ervin, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 61.

  129. Baldwin, Struck Eagle, 139–41. Baldwin cites Goree’s letter to is mother of July 21, 1862; Supplement to Official Records, ser. 1, vol. 2, 443, Jenkins’s report (undated).

  CHAPTER 10

  130. OR, 775–76, Wilcox’s report of July 21, 1862.

  131. Ibid.; 255, Randol’s report of July 7, 1862; Hogan, “Battle of Frazier’s Farm,” 333–34; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 288.

  132. OR, 776–77, Wilcox’s report; 421, Magilton’s report of July 4, 1862; 255, Randol’s report of July 7, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 288; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 142; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 245.

  133. OR, 776–77, Wilcox’s report; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 288–89; Griffin, 11th Alabama Volunteer Regiment, 109; Chester County Times, “4th Pennsylvania Reserves,” July 19, 1862, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 85; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 142; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 94; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 247; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 272.

  134. OR, 255–56, Randol’s report of July 7, 1862; 421, Magilton’s report of July 4, 1862; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 272; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 142. There is a lack of clarity about exactly which Federal unit broke directly in front of Randol’s guns. In his letter to Porter on July 25, Randol stated that he had thought it was Magilton’s 4th Pennsylvania Reserves but was later corrected by Magilton (OR, 257). Magilton stated that his men were posted in front of Randol’s guns (OR, 421) and that they “drove” the Confederates, but later his men “broke and scattered in the woods.” It would appear that they were indeed the men who retreated into Randol’s guns, but there is a measure of doubt. Such is the stuff of studying history.

  135. Lebanon Courier, July 17, 1862.

  136. OR, 776–77, Randol’s report; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 288–89; Griffin, 11th Alabama Volunteer Regiment, 109; Hogan, “Battle of Frazier’s Farm,” 333–34. See the appendices for the story of the flag of the 11th Alabama.

  137. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 289.

  138. OR, 777–78, Wilcox’s report of July 21, 1862; Barnett, Yankee Rebel, 49; unofficial notes in Cadmus Wilcox Papers, from photocopies at the RNBP, bound volume no. 95; Griffin, 11th Alabama Volunteer Regiment, 110; N.B. Hogan, “Thrilling War Experiences,” Confederate Veteran 2, 268; Gibbs, Three Years in the Bloody Eleventh, 138; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 142; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 273; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 289–90.

  139. Letter from Meade to Randol, July 12, 1862, National Archives, Military Agency Records, Record Group 153, kk439.

  140. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 289; Sypher, History of the Pennsylvania Reserve, 275.

  CHAPTER 11

  141. Styple, Letters from the Peninsula, 10.

  142. OR, 162, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circum
stances, 291–92.

  143. OR, 781, Pryor’s report of July 29, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 291, 417; Civil War Trust map The Battle of Glendale, Va.

  144. OR, 168, Jastram’s report of July 7, 1862; 162, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862; 169–70, Special Order 301, notes on the Court of Inquiry into Jastram’s actions, October 27, 1862. Kearny requested this Court of Inquiry (169). The court found Jastram culpable on several counts but took no further action beyond censure.

  145. OR, 172, Thompson’s report of July 7, 1862; 162–64, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862; 781, Pryor’s report of July 29, 1862; Jones, Lee’s Tigers, 106–7; Lewisburg Chronicle, December 12, 1896; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 291.

  146. OR, 178, Hays’s report of July 4, 1862.

  147. OR, 177, Colonel William L. Brown’s report of June 30, 1862; 163, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862; 171, Thompson’s report of July 11, 1862; 172, Thompson’s report of July 7, 1862; 177–78, Hays’s report of July 4, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 293–94; Lewisburg Chronicle, December 12, 1896; Styple, Letters from the Peninsula, specifically Letter from A.J. Castater in the National Tribune, June 27, 1907. Sponging the guns refers to the practice of dipping the sponge rammer in water and then using the sponge rammer to wipe the inside of the cannon. This helped to eliminate any sparks that might remain. Failure to do this risked a premature firing of the gun and extreme danger to the man loading the cannon.

  148. OR, 171, Thompson’s report; 162–64, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862.

  149. OR, 785–86, Featherston’s report of July 12, 1865; White, “Diary of the War,” 123; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 250; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 293, 417.

  150. OR, 870, McGowan’s report of July 10, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 293; Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 303.

  151. OR, 65, Barlow’s report of July 3, 1862; 163, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862.

  152. OR, 163, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862; 61, Caldwell’s report of July 6, 1862; 65–66, Barlow’s report of July 3, 1862; 67, report of July 5, 1862; 69–70, McKeen’s report of July 3, 1862 (major commanding 81st Pennsylvania); Webb, Peninsula, 148; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 296. In his July 3 report, Barlow stated that the amount of smoke obscured his vision and that he was not certain if the Confederates were in the field or not. He thought they were and that they “fell back hastily at our approach.”

  153. OR, 100, Heintzelman’s report of July 21, 1862; 163, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862; Werstein, Kearny the Magnificent, 226–27. As for Kearny’s legendary meeting with some Confederates, whether true or not, it would eerily be repeated in September at Chantilly, where Kearny would not be so fortunate and would lose his life.

  CHAPTER 12

  154. James Longstreet, “Seven Days, Including Frayser’s Farm,” Battles & Leaders, vol. 2, 401; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 293; Freeman, R.E. Lee, 192; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 586.

  155. OR, 842, Field’s report of July 20, 1862; Musselman, 47th Virginia Infantry, 23; Krick, 40th Virginia Infantry, 14; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 95; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 294–95.

  156. OR, 838, Hill’s report of February 28, 1863; 842, Field’s report of July 20, 1862; 845, Robert M. Mayo’s report of July 15, 1862; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 96.

  157. Krick, 40th Virginia Infantry, 14.

  158. OR, 845, Mayo’s report; Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 96–97.

  159. OR, 850–51, Starke’s report of July 19, 1862; 847, report of Francis Mallory, July 12, 1862; Conrad Hansen diary, RNBP, bound volume no. 99; RNBP, map 6b of battle.

  160. OR, 850–51, Starke’s report of July 19, 1862; 842, Field’s report of July 20, 1862.

  161. OR, 901, Pender’s report of July 16, 1862; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 296–97; Colonel William J. Hoke, Organization and Movements of the Thirty-eighth North Carolina Troops: January 17, 1862–June 25, 1864, Major L.D. Andrews’s report of July 14, 1862, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume 58.

  162. Ent, Pennsylvania Reserves, 99.

  163. Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 262–63.

  164. OR, 879–80, Anderson’s report of July 25, 1862; 838, Hill’s report of February 28, 1863.

  165. OR, 880, Anderson’s report of July 25, 1862.

  166. Ibid., 391–92, McCall’s report of August 12, 1862; 845–46, Mayo’s report of July 15, 1862; McCall, letter to wife, July 13, 1862, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, photocopy at RNBP, “Troop Movements” (book subtitle “Penna Reserves”); Longstreet, “Seven Days,” Battles & Leaders, vol. 2, 401–2.

  167. Werstein, Kearny the Magnificent, 226; OR, vol. 11, 112, Hooker’s report of July 15, 1862.

  CHAPTER 13

  168. Willis Church notes from RNBP file. The church burned on New Year’s Eve 1946.

  169. Conrad Hansen Diary, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 99.

  170. Sneden, Eye of the Storm, 88.

  171. Marks, Peninsula Campaign in Virginia, 331.

  172. Black, “After the Battle of Frazier’s Farm,” 20.

  173. Alexander, Memoirs, 155; Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 298; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 266; Tenney, Numbers and Losses. In The Struck Eagle, James Baldwin estimates the loss to the Palmetto Sharpshooters was 260, page 138.

  174. OR, 766, Kemper’s report of July 17, 1862; 884, Branch’s report (not dated); 779, Wilcox’s report of July 21, 1862; 770, Strange’s report of July 18, 1862.

  175. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 298; Manarin, Henrico County Field of Honor, 265; Tenney, Numbers and Losses, 62; Powell, Fifth Army Corps, 146–47.

  176. OR, 111–16, Hooker’s reports of July 15, November 8, October 15 and December 7, 1862; 393–94, McCall’s report of December 10, 1862. In a November 7, 1862 letter to McCall, Meade stated that he was “greatly surprised at his [Hooker’s] account of our doings”; 394–95, Meade went on to say that it was “only the stubborn resistance offered by our division” that checked the advance of the Confederates; 395, Seymour took offense at Hooker’s remarks; 395, Porter—in some truth, but also likely to protect his division—said “had not McCall maintained his position on new Market Road, June 30, the enemy would have cut that line of march of the enemy”; 395, James Clark, the assistant adjutant-general, placed the blame on part of the 12th Reserves but said that other regiments “behaved nobly”; 395–97, further support came from Colonel Roy Stone of the 149th, Captain John Cuthbertson of the 9th, Colonel John Taggart of the 12th and others; Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 111.

  177. Sears, Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan, letter from McClellan to Stanton, June 30, 1862, 7:00 p.m., 326; Styple, Letters from the Peninsula, 115; Baquet, History of the First Brigade, 30. Baquet quoted General Michie.

  178. Alexander, “The Battle of Gettysburg,” E.P. Alexander Papers, University of North Carolina, quoted in Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 380; McGuire, Seven Days Fighting About Richmond, Museum of the Confederacy, photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 95.

  179. Campbell, “Lost War Maps of the Confederates,” photocopy at RNBP, bound volume no. 124.

  180. Letter by Cadmus Wilcox, printed in the Philadelphia Weekly Times, February 25, 1882, copy at RNBP, bound volume no. 136; Freeman, R.E. Lee, 199; J.L. Johnston to Miss M.M. Green, July 20, 1862, Mercer Johnston Papers, LOC, cited in Brown, Reading the Man, 323; OR, 164, Kearny’s report of July 6, 1862.

  181. Alexander, Memoirs, 155.

  APPENDIX II

  182. Bob Zeller, “Glendale Battlefield: A Preservation Success Story,” Hallowed Ground, Civil War Trust, Winter 2014.

  APPENDIX III

  183. Richard J. Sommers, “Joseph Reid Anderson,” Confederate Generals, vol. 1, 27.

  184. Robert K. Krick, “Lawrence O’Bryan Branch,” Confederate Generals, vol. 1, 119.

  185. James I. Robertson Jr., “Ambrose
Powell Hill,” Confederate Generals, vol. 3, 97–98.

  186. Anne Bailey, “Theophilus Hunter Holmes,” Confederate Generals, vol. 3, 117.

  187. Ibid., “Benjamin Huger,” Confederate Generals, vol. 3, 129.

  188. James I. Robertson Jr., “Thomas Jonathan Jackson,” Confederate Generals, vol. 3, 152.

  189. Edwin C. Bearss, “Micah Jenkins,” Confederate Generals, vol. 3, 166–67.

  190. Robert K. Krick, “Robert Edward Lee,” Confederate Generals, vol. 4, 57.

  191. William Alan Blair, “James Longstreet,” Confederate Generals, vol. 4, 94–95.

  192. Robert K. Krick, “John Bankhead Magruder,” Confederate Generals, vol. 4, 140–41.

  193. All Union entries are from Warner, Generals in Blue.

  ORDER OF BATTLE

  194. OR, 24–36, Union Order of Battle.

  195. Burton, Extraordinary Circumstances, 415–19; OR, 842, 973–84, Confederate Order of Battle.

  SOURCES

  LOC = Library of Congress

  RNBP = Richmond National Battlefield Park

  USAMHI = Unites States Army Military History Institute

  VHS = Virginia Historical Society

  PRIMARY SOURCES

  Alexander, Edward Porter. Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Memoirs of General Edward Porter Alexander. Edited by Gary W. Gallagher. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

  ———. Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative. Dayton, OH: Morningside Press, 1977. Original printing 1907.

  ———. “The Seven Days Battles.” Southern Historical Society Papers. Vol. 1. Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint Company, 1977. VHS Collection.

  Anderson, Joseph R. “Anderson’s Brigade in Battles Around Richmond.” Confederate Veteran 31 (1923).

  Baquet, Camille. History of the First Brigade, New Jersey Volunteers from 1861 to 1865. Trenton, NJ: MacCrellish & Quigley, 1910. Barnett, John G. Yankee Rebel: The Civil War Diary of Edmund DeWitt Patterson. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1966.