Think Like a Pancreas
Page 28
Diabetic Athlete’s Handbook: Your Guide to Peak Performance (Colberg), 265
Diabetic Cooking (Publications International), 260
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 175
described, 239–240
preventing, 124, 220, 246 (fig.)
primary cause of, 239
risk of, 192
symptoms of, 247–249
treatment of, 220, 247–249
Diagnostic Devices, 271, 275
Dialysis, 19, 21
Dietary discipline, 11, 79, 94–95, 101, 204
Dietitian Locator, 254
Dietitians, 5
Digestion, 22, 103, 110, 138, 148, 182, 204, 233
slow, 23, 50, 95, 111, 157, 179, 180, 184, 199, 204
Digestion blockers, described, 46–47
Dilantin, 196
Disease progression, blood sugar and, 187–188, 217
Disposition, positive, 25–27
Diuretics, 196
DKA. See Diabetic ketoacidosis
dLife, 259
Doctor’s Pocket Calorie, Fat & Carbohydrate Counter*, The (Family Health Publications), 265
D’OH. See Delayed-onset hypoglycemia
Dosing, 169, 173, 195, 201
accurate, 65
adjusting, 96, 159
bolus, 182
conservative nature of, 213
correction, 69, 161, 162, 164, 172, 176, 178, 182, 193, 194, 198, 220, 229, 230
formulas, 84, 154
guides, 152
inaccurate, 67
precise, 121, 228–229
Downloading software, 74, 272–273
DPP-4 inhibitors, 47, 48–49
Dudley, Chris, 26
Eating, 151
boluses and, 180
frequent, 95
healthy, 22
Eating Mindfully: How to End Mindless Eating and Enjoy a Balanced Relationship with Food* (Albers), 265
Edelman, Steven V., 260, 264
Edison, Thomas, 26
Eli Lilly and Company, 258, 267, 268
Emotions, 8, 208
blood sugars and, 83
insulin control and, 85
stabilizing, 14, 17, 27
Emphysema, 196
Endocrinologists, 4, 8, 29, 78
Epinephrine, 56, 196
Estrogen, 196, 208
European Diabetes Policy Group, 235
Exchange diet, 5, 6
Exenatide, 48–49, 202, 229, 237
Exercise, 22, 46, 85, 96, 119, 121, 148, 160, 253
adjusting for, 172–178, 198, 210, 230–231
aerobic/cardiovascular, 173, 210
blood sugar and, 54–56, 58, 132, 139, 176, 193, 198–199, 209–213, 217
bolus multipliers for, 174 (table)
changes in, 83, 165
duration of, 120, 209, 210, 211
glucose and, 55 (table), 230
high-intensity, 209
insulin and, 213
intense, 120, 198–199, 211, 217
nighttime, 207
planned/completed, 152
postmeal, 173–174, 238, 242
premeal, 176–177
Exercise physiology, 9, 80
Exercise specialists, described, 80
Eyes, 61
healthy, 19, 20–21
problems, 80, 233
Family Health Publications, 265
Fasting, 148, 188
Fat, 120
blood sugar and, 51, 52, 132, 189–191, 217
burning, 186, 189, 239, 240
reducing, 242
slow digestion and, 95
FDA, 50
Feet
deformities/injuries of, 24
healthy, 19, 24
Fiber, 91, 237, 242
Fifty50 Medical, 274
50 Secrets of the Longest Living People with Diabetes* (Colberg and Edelman), 264
Financial resources, 256–259
Fingersticks, 74, 75, 234 reading, 82–83, 141
500 rule, described, 154–155
Flu, 17, 257
Fluoroquinlone, 196
Food, 50, 160, 173, 221
absence of, 149
blood sugar and, 51–54
bolusing and, 180
carbohydrate-rich, 16
dose, 172, 178, 182
GI listing for, 172, 180, 181, 224, 237 (table)
high-caffeine, 187
insulin and, 152
protein content of, 189 (table)
restaurant, 190, 206
slow-digesting, 111, 157, 180, 184
Food labels, 91, 92, 92 (fig.) Freeman, Kris, 26
Freestyle Navigator CGM, glucose modal day report from, 158 (fig.)
Friends with Diabetes (Jewish), 255
Fructose, 52, 54, 179
Function, reduction in, 34–36
Funky Pumpers, 270
Gangrene, 24
Gastrointestinal problems, 49, 236, 237
Gastroparesis, 23, 111, 204, 217
Gestational diabetes, 29, 33, 36, 37, 258
Get Control of Your Blood Sugar (Scheiner), 265
GI. See Glycemic index
Glands, enlarged, 192
Glargine, 40, 44, 64, 106, 112, 117, 118, 119, 131, 134, 137, 205, 228, 230
basal insulin and, 107 (fig.), 108, 108 (fig.)
using, 107, 108, 133, 197–198, 203, 206
Glaucoma, 20, 257
Glimepiride, 45, 236
Glipizide, 45, 236
GLP. See Glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagen, 226
Glucagon, 38–39, 202, 249
administering, 226–227
kits, 258
minimizing, 50
secretion of, 47
sugar-raising, 237
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), 47, 48, 49
Glucometer, described, 6
Glucose, 1, 38, 45, 52, 75, 91, 120, 179, 189, 202, 222, 232, 239
A1c and, 61 (table)
blood sugar and, 95
burning, 55 (table)
carbohydrates and, 116–117
cumulative average, 87
digestion/absorption rate of, 179
ebb/flow of, 20, 62, 88, 141, 205
exercise and, 55 (table), 230
HbA1c and, 60 (table)
increase in, 57, 115, 141
insulin and, 38, 240
liver and, 52, 56, 56 (fig.), 103–104, 108, 128, 139, 148, 149, 203, 209, 231
monitoring, 39, 81, 146
postmeal, 110, 235
red blood cells and, 61
secretion of, 52, 56 (fig.), 71, 138, 240
storing, 56 (fig.)
taking, 213
toxicity, 34–35
values, 12, 62, 90
Glucose control, 16, 20, 82, 122, 253
devices, 68
sleep and, 15
Glucose levels, 46, 76, 88, 107, 115, 119, 146
below-normal, 18
dropping, 81
high, 19–20
normal, 60–61, 138–139
premeal/postmeal, 62 (table)
target, 101
Glucose meters, 71, 87, 270–271
Glucose Test Strip, 258–259
Glulisine, 11, 40, 63, 110, 178
Gluten Intolerance Group of North America, 255
Glyburide, 45, 236
Glycemic index (GI), 179–181, 225, 229, 237
blood sugar and, 179 (fig.), 181, 181 (table)
bolus timing and, 181, 181 (fig.)
listings, 179, 180
Glycogen, 56, 103, 186
GlycoMark, 82, 234
Glycosylated fructosamine, 82
Glycosylated hemoglobin, 59
Groovy Patches, 270
Growth, 121, 156
blood sugar and, 217
healthy, 37
insulin and, 215
Guide to Healthy Restaurant Eating (Warshaw), 265
Guillotine, 6, 11, 73
described, 5
photo of, 5<
br />
Gums, healthier, 14, 18
Hall, Gary, 26
Happy spots, problems with, 243–244
HbA1c, 11, 18, 50, 59, 60, 82, 86, 87, 233, 234
average glucose and, 60 (table)
importance of, 101
maintaining, 20
Headaches, 194
Health care providers, 2, 77, 99, 100
Health care teams, 62, 101, 148, 182
described, 77–80
Health Innovation Ideas, 271
Health insurance, 97, 257
Health problems, 21–22, 30, 232
Heart, 56, 103
healthy, 19, 21–22
problems, 61
Heart attacks, 200
Heart disease, blood sugar and, 21–22
Heart rate, 22, 194, 201
Heat, blood sugar and, 217
Hemingway, Ernest, 26
Heritage Labs, 273
High altitude
adjusting for, 201
blood sugar and, 201, 217
High blood sugar, 11, 16, 60, 85, 116, 151, 154, 185, 193, 197, 205, 219–220, 222
boluses and, 167
chronically, 192
exercise and, 176
morning, 134 (fig.)
pattern of, 186
rebound, 220
treating, 176
waking up with, 198
Highs, 88
managing, 175–176
postmeal, 232–238
wake-up, 195 (fig.)
Hill-Burton Program, 257
Home Diagnostics: True Manager, 272
Honeymoon phase, 31–32, 112, 148, 187, 188
Hormones, 96, 148, 194, 226, 233
blood sugar and, 55–56
glucose and, 56, 104 (fig.)
growth, 56, 104, 105, 128
hunger-controlling, 15
incretin, 50
insulin and, 241
menstrual, 204
overproduction of, 32
placental, 215
production of, 128, 156
reduction in, 199, 215
stress, 56–57, 58, 192, 197, 241
sugar-raising, 104
Humalog, 40, 63, 110, 111, 228, 236
Humidity, blood sugar and, 200, 217
Hunter, Catfish, 26
Hydration, 18, 193
Hyperglycemia, 16, 42, 96, 170, 219–220, 233, 236
Hypertension, 79
Hypoglycemia, 18, 30, 35, 44, 47, 59, 60, 80, 81, 95, 96, 112, 117, 133, 166, 182, 195, 201, 219, 230, 238, 242
blood sugar and, 83, 138
boluses and, 157
bouts of, 199
chances for, 229
delayed-onset, 198
diabetes control and, 249
medications causing, 45
NPH and, 64
overdosing and, 228
preventing, 200, 207, 210, 211, 220, 222, 231, 232, 238, 249, 253
risk of, 51, 228
severe, 214, 220, 225, 227, 249
symptoms of, 203, 221–222, 249
treating, 61, 220, 223, 225, 253, 273–274
Hypoglycemia unawareness, 61, 222, 249
I:C ratio. See Insulin-to-carb ratio
ICU Medical, 269
Illness, 96, 120, 121, 241
adjusting, 192
blood sugar and, 192–193, 217
Immune system, 30, 31, 35, 58
Inactivity
insulin resistance and, 177
insulin sensitivity and, 177–178
Incretin, 202, 237
Infections, 17, 18, 24, 36, 241
blood sugar and, 192–193, 197, 217
Infusion sets, 10, 85, 120, 245, 246, 247
changing, 122–123
manufacturers, 269–270
skin problems with, 122
Infusion sites, 243, 244, 245, 247
Inhalers, 196
Injection ports, 67, 270
photo of, 67
Injection sites, rotating, 42, 243, 244, 247
Injections, 35, 48, 69, 114, 115, 118, 121, 135–136, 176, 193
area of, 42
depth for, 44
intramuscular, 44
missed, 244
pain-free, 116
Insuflon, photo of, 67
Insulain, 257
Insulet Corp., 269
Insulin
absorbing, 64, 119
amplifying effect of, 176
blocking action of, 221
blood sugar and, 40, 42–44, 58, 100, 111, 128–129, 153, 160–166, 175
carbohydrates and, 152–160, 199
choosing, 235–236
correction, 69, 161, 198, 220, 229
effectiveness of, 98, 172, 199, 229
inhibiting action of, 194
injecting, 4, 36, 42, 43, 44, 129, 135, 214, 246, 247
lack of, 239, 241
long-acting, 9, 40, 41 (table), 106, 110, 122, 132, 135, 147, 195, 199, 204, 210, 230
mealtime, 49–51, 67, 69, 71, 85, 94, 100, 112, 117, 195, 210, 213, 233, 236, 238
mixing, 40, 43–44, 113–114
pregnancy and, 214–216, 214 (fig.)
producing, 30, 32, 33–34, 38, 47, 128, 215
rapid-acting, 11, 40, 41 (table), 42, 43, 48, 68, 76, 95, 106, 107, 110, 112, 113 (fig.), 114, 115, 116, 118, 121, 132, 135, 139, 142, 151, 153, 162, 165, 168, 168 (fig.), 181, 186, 198, 204, 209, 210, 216, 228, 229, 233, 236, 245
reducing, 173, 174, 211, 215, 242
regular, 63, 64, 110–111, 138, 178, 181, 209, 228, 244
requirements for, 95, 128, 129, 129 (table), 215, 216
room-temperature, 43, 44, 207
self-adjusting, 9, 101, 123
short-acting, 41 (table)
spoilage of, 243, 245
taking, 18, 35, 36, 37, 82, 85, 162, 193, 194–195, 219, 220, 235
types of, 40, 50, 64, 109, 206, 207
understanding, 29–32
unit of, 172
Insulin action, 41 (table), 98, 204
CGMs and, 171, 171 (fig.)
Insulin delivery devices, 64–70, 101
Insulin On-Board (IOB), 173, 178, 182
boluses and, 168 (table), 182
calculating, 167, 168, 170–171
deducting, 171–172
five-hour action time, 169 (table)
four-hour action time, 169 (table)
insulin pumps and, 167 (table)
three-hour action time, 169 (table)
Insulin pens, 65–67, 85, 116, 236
disposable, 66 (photo)
photo of, 48, 49
prefilled, 49, 67
sources of, 268
Insulin programs, 84, 101, 136
adjusting, 12, 206
challenges of, 7
deciding on, 127
selecting, 112–124
success with, 125
Insulin Pump Therapy
Demystified: An Essential
Guide for Everyone
Pumping Insulin*
(Kaplan-Meyer), 266
Insulin resistance, 32–33, 55, 71, 95, 129, 207
aging process and, 32
blood sugar and, 196
developing, 30, 34
genetics/lifestyle and, 32
inactivity and, 177
overcoming, 47
susceptibility to, 36
Insulin sensitivity, 34, 40, 46, 54, 55, 66, 71, 99, 104, 153, 155–156, 199
changes in, 96, 206
factors of, 162, 164–165
inactivity and, 177–178
insulin effectiveness and, 172
sugar metabolism and, 173
total daily insulin and, 163 (table)
Insulin-to-carb ratio (I:C ratio), 152, 153, 154, 162, 164, 182, 195
blood sugar and, 155
determining/from daily insulin, 154 (table)
fine-tuning/verifying, 156–160
weight and, 155 (table) Integrated Diabetes Services, 77, 252–253
Intermediate-acting in
sulin (NPH), 7, 40, 41, 42, 43, 63, 64, 105–106, 107, 113–114, 125, 131, 133, 135, 136, 197–198, 203, 205
action profile of, 113 (fig.), 114 (fig.), 115 (fig.)
basal insulin and, 106, 106 (fig.), 107 (fig.), 108, 108 (fig.), 109
dosing, 119, 228
MDI and, 115–116, 118–119
using, 111, 206
International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers (IAMAT), 255
International Diabetes Center, 253
International Diabetes Federation, 235
IOB. See Insulin On-Board
iPro, photo of, 67
Irregular sleep, 217
adjusting to, 207–208
blood sugar and, 207–208
Jet injectors, using, 236
Jewish Diabetes Association (JDA), 255
Joel, Billy: quote of, 219
Johnson, Nicole, 26
Joints, flexible, 19, 25
Jordan, Michael, 97
Joslin Diabetes Center, 9, 26, 253
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), 255
Kaplan-Meyer, Gabrielle, 266
Karz, Zippora, 26
Ketoacidosis, 109, 114, 240
causes of, 241–249
described, 239
insulin pump malfunction and, 245
preventing, 241–249
Ketones, 31, 73, 110, 122, 192, 240, 246, 247, 249
blood sugar and, 241
eliminating, 248
insulin/water and, 176
measuring, 193
producing, 239, 241, 244, 245
spoiled insulin and, 243
test strips, 248
testing, 273
urine and, 175
Ketonuria, 248
Ketosis, 122, 241, 248
Ketostick, 193, 248
Kidney disease, 21, 49, 80, 233
Kidney failure, 21, 46, 257
Kidneys, 19, 61, 234
Kulkarni, Kermeen, 264
Lactogen, 215
Lactose, 52, 179
LADA. See Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood Lancets, 73–74, 257
photo of, 73
sources of, 271–272
Lancing devices, 74
sources of, 271–272
Lantus, 44, 107, 117
basal insulin and, 107 (fig.)
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood (LADA), 29–30, 36–37, 148, 187
adjusting, 188
insulin program for, 112
Lauren’s Hope Medical ID Bracelets, 274
Levemir, 40, 44, 64, 117, 205
basal insulin and, 107 (fig.)
taking, 107–108, 206
Lifescan, 6, 271
Lifescan: One Touch Zoom DMS, 272
Lifestyle, 51, 121, 137, 235
Lilly Cares, 258
Lipodystrophy, 42, 244
Liraglutide, 48–49, 202, 229
Lispro, 11, 40, 63, 110, 137, 178
Liver
adrenaline and, 221
glucose and, 52, 56, 56 (fig.), 103–104, 108, 128, 138, 139, 148, 149, 203, 209, 231
glycogen and, 186
problems, 46
sugar and, 240
Low blood sugar, 10, 16, 18, 30, 84–85, 116, 205, 209, 214, 219, 224, 228, 232, 242
alerts for, 231
CGMs and, 195 (fig.), 231
impact of, 220