Old Masters, New World
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Frick, Martha, 156
Fry, Roger, 1–2, 18, 43, 175, 178, 182–183, 185–187, 191, 195, 213, 217, 219–222, 229
Gainsborough, Thomas, 27, 33, 72, 101–105, 107, 174–175, 211, 234, 246, 259, 263
Gardner, Eliza, 50
Gardner, Isabella Stewart, 3, 6–7, 110, 170, 256–257; appearance and personality of, 47–52, 55, 58, 124–125, 150; as art collector, 46, 54, 68, 71–73, 88–89, 181, 185, 189, 195, 202; B. Berenson and, 45, 47, 49, 57–62, 64, 67–68, 71, 76–78, 86, 88–89, 97–98, 205–206, 210, 255–256; Boston homes of, 47–51, 54, 79; Colnaghi and, 81, 86–88; Dutch paintings and, 46, 161, 174; Fenway Court; see Gardner, Isabella Stewart, museum of; finances of, 56, 80–81, 83–84, 88; Gutekunst and, 68, 71–73, 105; Henry James and, 52–53, 55–56, 79–80, 92; museum of, 50, 71, 78–80, 83, 89–92, 95, 261–262; Old Masters and, 56–57, 59, 67–68, 76, 78–82, 85–86, 89–90, 255–257; photographs of, 48, 56, 91, 256; portraits of, 49–50, 53–55, 61, 90, 261, 265; travels of, 49–50, 52, 54–55, 57, 59, 79, 84; Venice home of, 55–56, 90
Gardner, John Lowell “Jack,” 46, 48–52, 54–57, 79, 81–83, 85
Gardner, John Lowell, 50
Gardner, Joseph (the elder), 52
Gardner, Joseph (the younger), 52
Gardner, Julia, 50–51
Gare Saint-Lazare (Manet), 112
Garland, James A., 95
Gauguin, Paul, 243
Gentleman of the House of Leiva (El Greco), 143
Gentleman with a Tall Hat and Gloves, A (Rembrandt), 161, 179
George, David Lloyd, 218–219
George III, 102, 106–107
George IV, 69
Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire (Gainsborough), 101–105, 107
Germany, 41, 63–64
Gérôme, Jean-Léon, 120
Gerrity, Thomas, 176
Ghirlandaio, Domenico, 202
Gimpel, René, 166, 200, 223, 243, 249
Giorgione, 67, 74, 80, 208
Giotto, 47
Giovanna Tornabuoni (Ghirlandaio) 202
Girl Interrupted at Her Music (Vermeer), 173–174, 225
Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window (Vermeer), 38
Girl with a Flute (Vermeer), 226
Glaenzer, Eugene, 138, 141–142
Glass of Wine, The (Vermeer), 82
Golden Bowl, The (James), 53
Gospel of Wealth (Carnegie), 155
Gosse, Edmund, 218
Goupil & Cie gallery, 166
Goya, Francisco, 109, 111, 116, 118, 131, 137–138, 173, 242, 244–246, 263
Grand Tour, 26
Greco, El (Domenikos Theotokopoulos), 32, 109–111, 114–116, 119, 132, 134–144, 173, 175–176, 193, 235, 244, 263, 266
Grenfell, Arthur Morton, 233–234, 236–237, 244, 250–252
Groot, Cornelis Hofstede de, 160, 223
Grueze, Jean-Baptiste, 159
Guinness, Edward Cecil, 105
Gutekunst, Heinrich, 68
Gutekunst, Lena Obach, 70
Gutekunst, Otto, 89, 167–168, 242; appearance and personality of, 68–70, 87, 88; as art dealer, 70–88, 145–146, 170–171, 177–181, 183, 185–186, 188, 190–192, 217–218, 223–229, 261; B. Berenson and, 67–71, 75–77, 81, 83–86, 264; Carstairs and, 223, 234, 238, 244, 252; competes with Duveen, 199, 209; expertise of, 68–69, 86; Frick and, 175, 252; I. S. Gardner and, 71–73, 80, 86, 105; Kann collection and, 204–205
Hadley, Rollin van N., 90
Hainauer Collection, 207
Hals, Frans, 19, 39, 42, 44, 173, 194, 203, 211, 214, 233
Hamilton, Carl, 258
Hamilton, Duke of, 28
Hamilton, Emma, 174
Harbor of Dieppe, The (Turner), 244–245
Harmony in Blue and Silver: Trouville 1865 (Whistler), 53
Harmony in Pink and Grey: Portrait of Lady Meux (Whistler), 246
Harnisch, Arthur, 118
Harper’s Monthly, 23, 40
Harvard Center for Italian Renaissance Studies, 264
Haseltine, Charles, 167
Haseltine, Esther, 167
Hastings, Thomas, 243
Havemeyer, Adaline, 124
Havemeyer, Electra, 124, 143
Havemeyer, Frederick Christian, 127–128
Havemeyer, George, 127
Havemeyer, Harry O., 3, 143; appearance and personality of, 111, 113, 126, 128; art collection of, 173; Cassatt advises, 109, 111–112, 130–132, 136–138, 140; Durand-Ruel and, 132, 134–140; homes of, 113, 124, 127; Impressionist art and, 111–112, 130; Old Masters and, 114–119, 125–127, 130–132, 137, 140; sugar trade and, 127–130; travels abroad, 109–110, 115–116, 118–119, 130
Havemeyer, Horace, 124, 263
Havemeyer, Louisine, 142–143, 241, 263; appearance and personality of, 111–113; as art collector, 124–125, 143–144, 173; Cassatt and, 111–112, 115–119, 121–125, 130–132, 136–138; Impressionist art and, 112–113, 121–123, 130; see also Havemeyer, Harry O.
Havemeyer, Theodore, 127–129
Havemeyer, Thomas, 127
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 1
Hayes, Rutherford B., 17
Heart of the Andes (Church), 51
Henry E. Huntington Library, 7
Henry VIII, 216, 235, 247
Henschel, Charles, 234, 259, 264
Herman Doomer (Rembrandt), 125–126, 266
Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, 259
Higginson, Henry Lee, 51
History of Painting in North Italy, A (Cavalcaselle), 62
Hobbema, Meyndert, 39, 173, 202
Hogarth, William, 234
Holbein, Hans, 7, 68, 81, 83–84, 86–88, 216–219, 235–237, 247–248
Holford, George, 233
Holmes, Charles J., 71, 257–258
Holroyd, Charles, 216–218, 226, 242, 244–245
Holy Family (Titian), 98
Hon. Frances Duncombe, The (Gainsborough), 211
Hon. Lucy Byng, The (Hoppner), 169
Honorable Henry Fane and His Guardians, Inigo Jones and Charles Blair, The (Reynolds), 107
Hooper, Edward William, 79
Hoppner, John, 169, 199
Horne, Herbert P., 181–183
Hudson River School, 25
Hunt, Richard Howland, 43
Hunt, Richard Morris, 16, 19, 25, 42–43, 265–266
Huntington, Arabella, 6, 199, 202, 213, 230, 263
Huntington, Archer, 199
Huntington, Henry, 263
Hutchinson, Charles L., 142
Ilchester, 1st Earl of (Stephen Fox), 183
Ilchester, 6th Earl of, 180, 182–183, 185–186; see also Fox-Strangways, Giles
Ilchester Rembrandt: see Self-Portrait (1658) (Rembrandt)
Impressionist art, 25, 109, 111–112, 117–118, 120–121, 132–134, 263
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, 89–92, 261–263; see also Gardner, Isabella Stewart, museum of
Italian Renaissance, 3–4, 7, 18, 35, 43, 47, 61–63, 74, 86, 93, 98, 114, 261
Italy, 3, 5, 17, 26, 38–39
James, Henry, 1, 15, 22, 27–28, 31, 37, 49, 51–53, 55–56, 79–80, 92, 218, 241–242
James Stuart, Duke of Richmond and Lennox (van Dyck), 12, 31–37, 39, 42–44, 266
Jameson, Anna, 27
Jan Six (Rembrandt), 190
Johnson, Eastman, 25
Johnson, John G., 129, 171, 206
Johnson, Samuel, 106
Johnston, John T., 16, 41
Julia, Lady Peel (Lawrence), 174
Kaiser-Friedrich Museum, 82
Kann collection, 200, 202–204, 207, 215, 249
Kann, Maurice, 200
Kann, Rodolphe, 200, 202, 207; see also Kann collection
Kensett, John, 16
King Philip IV of Spain (Velázquez), 80, 227–230
Knight, Daniel Ridgway, 163
Knoedler, Michael, 166
Knoedler, Roland, 194, 211; Carstairs and, 167, 205, 209, 226, 235, 264; Frick and
, 163–167, 170–171, 176–177, 193, 222–226, 235, 244; galleries of, 167, 223; Ilchester Rembrandt and, 180–181, 185–192; see also M. Knoedler & Co.
La Farge, John, 25
Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children (Reynolds), 105–106, 249, 262–263
Lady Hamilton (as “Nature”) (Romney), 174
Lady Harcourt (Reynolds), 188, 192
Lady Margaret Butts (Holbein), 83–84
Lady with an Ostrich-Feather Fan, A (Rembrandt), 161, 179
Lady Writing, A (Vermeer), 44, 263
Laffan, William, 142
Lamentation (Christus), 42
Lamentation (van Eyck), 40–41
Landscape (van Ruisdael), 40, 42
Landscape with an Obelisk (Rembrandt), 85, 261
Lane, Hugh, 235–237, 247–248
Lansdowne, Lord, 80–81, 226
Last Gleanings, The (Breton), 164, 191
Lawrence, Thomas, 107–108, 174–175, 249, 262, 266
Lefort, Paul, 115
Leighton, Sir Frederick, 36
Leonardo da Vinci, 4, 40–41, 93, 230
Lippi, Filippino, 47, 71, 208
Lippi, Fra Filippo, 42, 208–209, 262
Little Note in Yellow and Gold, The (Whistler), 53
Lives of the Artists (Vasari), 253
Loeser, Charles, 60
London, England, 4, 6, 26–27, 69, 101, 103–104, 200, 242, 257
Lorenzo Lotto (Berenson), 65–66
Louis Philippe, duc d’Orléans, 74
Louvre Museum, Paris, 15–18, 38, 43, 117, 120, 138–139
M. Knoedler & Co., 166, 174, 264; branches of, 168, 179, 223; deals in Old Masters, 170, 186, 218, 229, 244, 249–250, 258–259; financial troubles of, 188, 192, 247; Frick and, 163, 222, 251–252; private collectors and, 233–234; World War I and, 242; see also Knoedler, Roland
Madame X (Sargent), 31, 37, 49
Maddalena Cattaneo (van Dyck), 206
Madonna and Child (Duccio), 4
Madonna and Child with Saint Martina and Saint Agnes (El Greco), 143
Madonna (Bellini), 208
Madonna (Leonardo), 40–41
Madonnas (Raphael), 4, 6, 93, 106
Madrazo, Ricardo de, 136, 139–141, 143
Maid Asleep, A (Vermeer), 200, 202
Majas on the Balcony (Goya), 116, 137
Man in Black (Moroni), 59
Man with a Steel Gorget (Rembrandt), 203
Manchester, England, 27, 104
“Manet and the Post-Impressionists” exhibition, 182
Manet, Edouard, 25, 110–112, 130, 134, 137, 182, 245–246
Mannerist paintings, 114–115, 175, 203
Manzi, Michel, 110
Marchesa Elena Grimaldi Cattaneo (van Dyck), 204–207
Maris, Jacobus Hendrikus, 245–246
Malborough, Duke of, 28–29
Marquand, Allan, 40, 41
Marquand Bros., 20–21
Marquand, Elizabeth Allen, 23, 36–37, 41, 49
Marquand, Frederick, 20–22, 40
Marquand, Henry Gurdon, 25, 110–111; appearance and personality of, 12, 21–22, 24, 42; as art collector, 12, 16, 19, 25, 30, 32, 34, 36–37, 39–40, 76, 173; background of, 20, 23; business interests of, 12–13, 19–23; Corsham Court and, 11–15, 32; donates art, 17, 39–40, 42; English portraits and, 32–37, 104; Metropolitan Museum of Art and, 3, 12–14, 16–19, 24, 34, 39–43, 76, 126, 266; Old Masters and, 17–20, 25, 46, 161, 182, 215; supports American artists, 13, 23, 25; trips abroad, 22–23, 37
Marquand, Isaac, 20–21
Marquand, Josiah, 22
Marquise de Blaizel (Lawrence), 175
Masaccio, 35–36, 40, 42
Matador, A (Manet), 112
Mauritshuis, The Hague, 219
Mayer, Gustave, 242, 259
McKay, William, 69, 170–171, 204
Mellon, Andrew, 152–153, 170, 258–259, 263
Mellon, Thomas, 152–153
Memling, Hans, 202
Menzies, Frederick, 244–245, 250
Methuen art collection, 11–15, 26–29, 32, 35
Methuen, Frederick Henry Paul, 26, 28–32
Methuen, Sir Paul, 11, 26, 28, 35
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: building of, 40, 42–43, 44, 265–266; Bulletin by, 194; collections of, 4, 14–18, 39–44; donations to, 107, 263; history of, 12, 14–18, 21, 24, 41–43; Marquand and, 12–14, 42–43, 76, 95; Morgan’s collection and, 232, 248–249, 262; Old Masters and, 7, 42, 141–142, 266; Roger Fry and, 1–2, 181–183, 186–187
Metsu, Gabriel, 200, 202, 249
Michelangelo, 43, 74, 106, 114, 194
Mill, The (Rembrandt), 4, 80–81, 226–227, 230
Millet, Frank, 30–31, 34
Millet, Jean-François, 130
Miss Manners (Hoppner), 199
Miss Mary Edwards (Hogarth), 234
Miss Mary Finch Hatton (Romney), 169
Miss Puyeau (Reynolds), 169
Mlle. V ’ In the Costume of an Espada (Manet), 112
Monet, Claude, 112, 123, 132–133
Montesquiou-Fezensac, Robert de, 246–247
Moore, William, 151, 159
Morelli, Giovanni, 63
Morgan, Frances Louisa Tracy, 99
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 231–232; appearance and personality of, 94, 99–100, 150; as art collector, 3, 6–7, 93, 96, 98, 100, 110–111, 173, 194, 196, 205, 213, 225–226; artistic tastes of, 95–96; business interests of, 93–94, 98, 100–101, 172, 206; collections of, 93, 99, 215, 232, 264; Colonna Madonna and, 96–100; decorative art and, 95–96, 249–250; English portraits and, 101–108; homes of, 96, 99–100, 105–106, 108; Ilchester Rembrandt and, 185–187; Kann collection and, 202–204; library of, 99–100, 173, 243; Metropolitan Museum of Art and, 41, 95, 142, 183, 194, 219, 248–249; Old Masters and, 93, 95–96, 105, 183
Morgan, Jack, 232, 248–249, 261–262
Morgan, Junius Spencer, 94, 100–102, 104, 107
Morgan Library, 261–262; see also Morgan, J. Pierpont, library of
Morisot, Berthe, 168
Moroni, Count, 59
Mother and Child (Cassatt), 263
Mrs. James Cruikshank (Raeburn), 176
Mrs. Peter William Baker (Gainsborough), 246
Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse (Reynolds), 72
Murray, Charles Fairfax, 95
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 7, 70, 75–76, 139
Music Lesson, The (ter Borch), 82
Music Lesson, The (Vermeer), 38
Napoleon, 16–17, 27, 216, 242
National Academy of Design, New York, 133
National Art Collection Fund, England: see Art Fund, England
National Gallery, London: founding and building of, 16, 29; funds raised for, 217–218; Old Masters and, 28–29, 46, 205–206, 244–245; Raphaels and, 93, 97–99; Rembrandt’s The Mill and, 227; World War I and, 242, 257
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., 7, 259, 263
National Portrait Gallery, London, 71
Nattier, Jean-Marc, 98, 159
Negroli, Filippo, 95
Netherlands, the, 17, 19, 38–39
New York Herald, 100
New York, New York: architecture of, 16–17, 19–20, 25, 44; as art center, 16, 23–24, 172, 232; art exhibitions in, 133–134, 243, 248–249; as capital of finance, 21–22, 101, 172, 232; major art collections in, 173, 203; Metropolitan Museum of Art and, 14, 266; see also Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; nineteenth-century life in, 21, 203
New York Stock Exchange, 22–23, 259
New York Times, 15, 100, 125, 127, 196
New York Tribune, 128, 194
Nicolaes Ruts (Rembrandt), 95, 105, 264
Noble Slav, The (Rembrandt’s Man in Oriental Costume), 28
Nocturne in Blue and Silver (Whistler), 53
Norfolk, Duke of, 216–217
Northern Renaissance, 80
Northumberland, Duke of, 253, 255
Norton, Charles Eliot, 54, 57, 60<
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Officer and Laughing Girl (Vermeer), 225
Old Masters: attributions of, 31–32, 63, 86–87; England stripped of, 216–217; exhibitions of, 104, 218, 248; Gilded Age and, 230; market for, 34–35, 69, 104, 162, 170, 179, 203–204, 214–215, 225–226; market decline of, 232–234, 237; record prices of, 93, 100, 102, 202, 215, 226, 230, 259; scholarly knowledge of, 41; smuggling of, 205; taste for, 93, 125; value of, 4, 6, 29, 31–32, 34–35, 39, 41, 45–46, 69, 181, 190
Old Woman Cutting Her Nails (Rembrandt), 202
Ottaviano Canevari (van Dyck), 175–176
Overholt, Abraham, 152
P. & D. Colnaghi, London: see Colnaghi (P. & D. Colnaghi), London
painters, 3–4, 30, 120
Palazzo Barbaro (Venice), 55–56, 90, 262
Paola Adorno (van Dyck’s Portrait of a Genoese Noblewoman), 246
Paredes de Nava, Count of, 134, 137–138, 140
Paris, France, 3, 6, 17–19, 27, 37, 109, 117, 132
Paris Salon, 120
Patinir, Joachim, 130
Payne, Oliver, 117–118
Peacock Room (Whistler), 54
Peel, Lady, 174
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 120
Perugino, 208
Philadelphia Museum of Art, 7
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 119–120
Philip II, 73–74, 77
Philip IV, 77, 227
Philip IV (Velázquez), 244
Phipps, Henry, 151, 154, 159
photography, 63
Pietà (Raphael), 85
Pietro Aretino (Titian), 175–177, 182, 193
Pilate Washing His Hands (Rembrandt), 202
Pinturicchio (Bernardino di Betto), 208
Pissarro, Camille, 123, 132–133, 168
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 145–146, 152, 159–160, 164, 167, 185
Polish Rider, The (Rembrandt), 161, 219–222
Pollaiuolo, Antonio del, 209–210
Pond, The (Corot), 164
Portrait of a Cardinal (El Greco), 116, 131–132, 134–141, 173
Portrait of a Lady and a Gentleman in Black (Rembrandt), 82, 261
Portrait of a Lady, The (James), 53
Portrait of a Man and a Woman at a Casement (Fra Filippo Lippi), 42
Portrait of a Man (Hals), 42
Portrait of a Man in a Fur Coat (Dürer), 86
Portrait of a Man in a Red Cap (Titian), 233, 237, 247–248, 250
Portrait of a Man (Rembrandt), 19, 161
Portrait of a Man (Rubens), 35
Portrait of a Man (Tintoretto), 72