State of Failure
Page 22
31.Weisman, “U.S. Presses Mideast and Europe to Reduce Ties to Arafat.”
32.Ibid.
33.Stephen Farrell and Robert Tait, “Reformer Rules out Taking Key Job With Arafat,” The Times (UK), February 19, 2003 (accessed via LexisNexis).
34.Weisman, “U.S. Presses Mideast and Europe to Reduce Ties to Arafat.”
35.Ibid.
36.Ibid.
37.Ibid.
38.Karin Laub, “After Decade, International Donors See Little Result in West Bank and Gaza,” Associated Press, December 9, 2003 (accessed via LexisNexis).
39.“Appointment of Prime Minister, Political Reform, Roadmap, War in Iraq, Arafat’s Popularity, and Political Affiliation,” Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, April 2003, www.pcpsr.org/survey/polls/2003/p7a.html.
40.Weisman, “U.S. Presses Mideast and Europe to Reduce Ties to Arafat.”
41.Khaled Abu Toameh, “Revenue Files ‘Disappear’ From PA Finance Ministry,” Jerusalem Post, December 3, 2003, http://web.archive.org/web/20050420062051/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid
=1070444894725&p=1008596981749.
42.“Economic Performance and Reforms Under Conflict Conditions,” International Monetary Fund, September 15, 2003, www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/med/2003
/eng/wbg/wbg.pdf.
43.Tricia McDermott, “Arafat’s Billions,” CBS News, November 2003, www.cbs
news.com/2100-18560_162-582487.html.
44.Marc Perelman, “Israeli Says PA Used Swiss Accounts to Fund Terror,” The Forward, March 26, 2004, http://forward.com/articles/6577/israeli-says-pa-used-swiss
-accounts-to-fund-terror/&reason=0/#ixzz24mvpnoOy.
45.Interview with Uzrad Lew, Los Angeles, November 13, 2012.
46.Matthew Kalman, “Militants Put Arafat’s Leadership in Jeopardy; Gaza in Chaos as Palestinian Authority Teeters on the Brink of Collapse,” Globe and Mail, July 19, 2004, (accessed via LexisNexis).
47.Steven Erlanger, “Sharon Rebuffed by Party, as Arafat Admits Making Mistakes,” New York Times, August 19, 2004, www.nytimes.com/2004/08/19/world/sharon
-rebuffed-by-party-as-arafat-admits-making-mistakes.html.
48.“After Four Years Of Intifada, an Overwhelming Sense of Insecurity Prevails Among Palestinians Leading to High Level of Support for Bombing and Rocket Attacks on One Hand and to High Levels of Demand for Mutual Cessation of Violence and Questioning of the Effectiveness of Armed Attacks on the Other,” Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, September 23–26, 2004, www
.pcpsr.org/survey/polls/2004/p13a.html.
49.Vernon Silver, “Citigroup Banked for Arafat as He Paid Fighters,” Bloomberg, November 19, 2004, www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aKqaG
5RWlATQ&refer=us.
50.Matt Rees, “Where’s Arafat’s Money?” Time, November 14, 2004, www.time.com
/time/magazine/article/0,9171,782141-1,00.html.
51.Interview with Elliott Abrams, Washington, DC, March 8, 2013.
52.George Wright, “Mahmoud Abbas Named as Palestinian PM,” Guardian, April 28, 2003, www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/apr/29/israel2.
53.“Abbas Achieves Landslide Poll Win,” BBC, January 10, 2005, http://news.bbc
.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4160171.stm.
Chapter 7 The Rise of Abu Mazen
1.Mahmoud Abbas, Through Secret Channels (Reading, UK: Garnet Publishing, 1995).
2.Website of PA president Mahmoud Abbas, June 1, 2012, http://presidency.ps
/general.aspx?id=42&T=m7.
3.Interview with Palestinian activist, Washington, DC, September 13, 2012.
4.Karl Vick, “On the Brink, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas Hangs Tough on Statehood,” Time, September 9, 2011, www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599
,2092492,00.html.
5.Website of PA President Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
6.“Abbas, Mahmoud,” The Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, May 29, 2012, www.passia.org/palestine_facts/personalities/alpha
_a.htm.
7.Mahmoud Abbas, “The Long Overdue Palestinian State,” New York Times, May 16, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/05/17/opinion/17abbas.html.
8.“PA Chairman Mahmoud Abbas Criticizes Arafat’s Approval of Anti-Israeli Terror Attacks in the 1990s and Talks About the Arab Evacuation of Safed in 1948,” The Middle East Media Research Institute, July 6, 2009, www.memritv.org/clip
_transcript/en/2212.htm.
9.Website of PA President Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
10.Abbas, “The Long Overdue Palestinian State.”
11.Website of PA president Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
12.Ibid.
13.“Abbas in the Spotlight: Who Is the Palestinian President?” CNN, September 21, 2011, http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/21/abbas-in-the-spotlight-who-is-the-pale
stinian-president/; Website of PA president Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps
/general.aspx?id=42&T=m7.
14.Website of PA president Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
15.Ibid.
16.Ibid.
17.“Abbas, Mahmoud,” www.passia.org/palestine_facts/personalities/alpha_a.htm.
18.Website of PA president Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
19.Danny Rubinstein, The Mystery of Arafat (South Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press, 1995), pp. 52–53.
20.Ibid., pp. 98–111.
21.Ehud Yaari, Strike Terror: The Story of Fatah (New York: Sabra Books, 1970), pp. 67–86.
22.Website of PA president Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
23.“Profile: Mahmoud Abbas,” BBC, November 5, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi
/middle_east/1933453.stm.
24.“Jordan, PLO Turn Page on ‘Black September,’” Agence France-Presse, September 17, 2010, www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=154695.
25.Website of PA president Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
26.“Profile: Mahmoud Abbas,” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1933453.stm.
27.Alexander Wolff, “The Mastermind,” Sports Illustrated, August 26, 2002, http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/08/20/sb2/.
28.“In Brief: General; Syrian-Iraqi-Palestinian Meetings,” Damascus Home Service—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 16, 1979 (accessed via LexisNexis).
29.“In Brief: General; Tour of Jordanian-Palestinian Delegation,” Qatar News Agency—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 19, 1979 (accessed via LexisNexis).
30.“In Brief: General; Arrivals and Departures,” Aden Home Service—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, July 27, 1979 (accessed via LexisNexis).
31.“In Brief: General; Tour of Jordanian-Palestinian Delegation,” Qatar News Agency—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, October 13, 1979 (accessed via LexisNexis).
32.“In Brief: General; Arafat in PDRY,” Voice of Palestine—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, February 10, 1979 (accessed via LexisNexis).
33.“Statements in Kuwait by Palestinian Officials,” Qatar News Agency—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, February 13, 1979 (accessed via LexisNexis).
34.“In Brief: Fatah Official in Moscow,” Voice of Palestine—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, April 28, 1979 (accessed via LexisNexis).
35.“In Brief: Fatah Leaders in Czechoslovakia,” Voice of Palestine
—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 1, 1979 (accessed via LexisNexis).
36.“In Brief: Fatah Official’s Friendship Visit,” Moscow in Arabic—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, February 8, 1980 (accessed via LexisNexis).
37.“Palestinian-Soviet Friendship Society Chairman Writes in ‘Izvestiya,’” Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, October 23, 1980 (accessed via LexisNexis).
38.“In Brief: General; PLO Official on Saudi-USSR Relations,” Voice of Palestine—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 24, 1981 (accessed via LexisNexis).
39.“In Brief: General; Cuba-Palestine Resistance Co-operation Agreement,” Havana Television—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 1, 1982 (accessed via LexisNexis).
40.Helena Cobban, The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 269.
41.Website of PA President Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
42.“Other Reports on Lebanon; UAA Foreign Ministry Official Meets PLO Representatives,” Qatar News Agency—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 11, 1982 (accessed via LexisNexis).
43.Website of PA President Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/general.aspx?id=42
&T=m7.
44.Jim Zanotti, “The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations,” Congressional Research Service, August 30, 2011, www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL34074.pdf.
45.Hillel Fendel, “Report: Abbas’ Holocaust-Denial Dissertation Widely-Taught in PA,” Arutz Sheva, April 28, 2011, www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News
.aspx/143752#.UGHwJhgmai4.
46.Benny Morris, “Exposing Abbas,” National Interest, May 19, 2011, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/exposing-abbas-5335.
47.Rafael Medoff, “A Holocaust-Denier as Prime Minister of ‘Palestine’?” David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies, March 2003, translation by the Simon Wiesenthal Center, www.wymaninstitute.org/articles/2003-03-denier.php.
48.Ibid.
49.Yael Yehoshua, “Abu Mazen: Political Profile,” Middle East Media Research Institute, April 29, 2003, www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/856.htm.
50.N. Maruani and A. Savyon, “Iranian ‘Conference on Hollywoodism and Cinema’ Honors Prominent French Holocaust Deniers,” Middle East Media Research Institute, February 23, 2012, www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/6111.htm.
51.Greg Myre, “Soft-Spoken but Not Afraid to Voice Opinions,” New York Times, March 11, 2003, www.nytimes.com/2003/03/11/international/middleeast/11ABBA
.html.
52.Akiva Eldar, “U.S. Told Us to Ignore Israeli Map Reservations,” Haaretz, May 28, 2003, www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/u-s-told-us-to-ignore-israeli-map
-reservations-1.8840.
53.Ernest Claassen, “Abbas Tevreden Over Bezoek Aan Nederland,” Nederlandse Omroep Stichting, July 1, 2011, http://nos.nl/artikel/252894-abbas-tevreden-over-bezoek-aan-nederland.html.
54.“Reaction to Israeli-Palestinian Contacts,” Voice of Palestine—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 25, 1983 (accessed via LexisNexis).
55.Trudy Rubin, “PLO’s Peaceful Offensive: Expand Ties to Israeli Jews,” Christian Science Monitor, March 10, 1983 (accessed via LexisNexis).
56.“PLO-Israeli CP Meeting in Prague,” Yugoslav News Agency—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, March 31, 1983 (accessed via LexisNexis).
57.Abbas, Through Secret Channels, p. 17.
58.“Palestine National Council: Statements by Leaders,” Voice of Palestine—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, February 15, 1983 (accessed via LexisNexis).
59.Interview with Former Palestinian negotiator, Washington, DC, April 22, 2013.
60.“Fatah Central Committee Decisions,” Voice of Palestine—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, August 31, 1983 (accessed via LexisNexis).
61.Website of PA President Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/officialresume.aspx.
62.“Fatah Official on Palestinian Threat to US Interests Everywhere,” Algiers Radio—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, October 21, 1985 (accessed via LexisNexis).
63.Janet Wallach and John Wallach, Arafat: In the Eyes of the Beholder (Secaucus, NJ: Carol Publishing Group, 1990), p. 55.
64.“Full Text of Arafat’s Statement to News Conference,” Reuters, December 14, 1988, http://articles.latimes.com/1988-12-15/news/mn-379_1_news-conference.
65.“Transcript of Shultz’s Remarks on United States’ Stance Regarding PLO,” New York Times, December 15, 1988, www.nytimes.com/1988/12/15/us/transcript-of
-shultz-s-remarks-on-united-states-stance-regarding-plo.html.
66.“PLO to Form Delegation for US Visit,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 3, 1989 (accessed via LexisNexis).
67.“Jordanian Deputy Premier Talks With Senior PLO Official on Palestinian Issue,” Xinhua General Overseas News Service, May 3, 1989 (accessed via LexisNexis).
68.“Briefing on 13th June Relations with PLO,” Tass—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, June 27, 1989 (accessed via LexisNexis).
69.Daniel Gavron, “Toledo Dialogue Hopes to Revive ‘Golden Age’ of Jewish-Arab Friendship,” Jerusalem Post, July 2, 1989 (accessed via LexisNexis).
70.Michael Deure, “Fatah Committee Elected, Reflects Arafat Views,” United Press International, August 9, 1989 (accessed via LexisNexis).
71.“Palestinian Affairs in Brief; Appointments in Fatah leadership,” Radio Monte Carlo—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, November 21, 1989 (accessed via LexisNexis).
72.“Abbas, Mahmoud,” www.passia.org/palestine_facts/personalities/alpha_a.htm.
73.Barry Rubin, Revolution Until Victory? The Politics and History of the PLO (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), p. 154.
74.Abbas, Through Secret Channels, p. 71.
75.“Other Reports; Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Receives PLO Representative,” Moscow in Arabic—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 8, 1991 (accessed via LexisNexis).
76.“Palestinian Affairs in Brief; Egyptian Foreign Minister Abd al-Majid Meets PLO and Fatah Officials,” Middle East News Agency—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 4, 1991 (accessed via LexisNexis).
77.“PLO Executive Committee Member in Czechoslovakia,” Bratislava—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 30, 1991 (accessed via LexisNexis).
78.“PLO Official: Mideast Conference in Doubt Due to Soviet Instability,” Associated Press, August 21, 1991 (accessed via LexisNexis).
79.“Palestinian Affairs in Brief; Abu Mazen on Palestinian Preconditions for Attending Peace Conference,” Voice of Palestine—BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, September 4, 1991 (accessed via LexisNexis).
80.“PLO Delegation Leaves for Libya to Monitor Arafat Search,” Agence France-Presse, April 8, 1992 (accessed via LexisNexis).
81.Ed Blanche, “Arafat’s Disappearance Strips PLO of Vital Leadership,” Associated Press, April 8, 1992 (accessed via LexisNexis).
82.Patrick Martin, “Deep-Seated Problems Flare in Filling Deputy’s Chair PLO Leadership,” Globe and Mail, May 7, 1992 (accessed via LexisNexis).
83.Mahmoud Abbas, Through Secret Channels, p. 210.
84.“Years of Discreet Pay Off for Fatah’s Quiet Dove,” Guardian, September 14, 1993 (accessed via LexisNexis).
85.“Text of Abbas’ Remarks,” Associated Press, September 13, 1993 (accessed via LexisNexis).
86.“Arafat Adviser Predicts Terrorism Will Disappear,” Associated Press, October 15, 1993 (accessed via LexisNexis).
87.Website of PA president Mahmoud Abbas, http://presidency.ps/officialresume.aspx; “Abbas, Mahmoud,” www.passia.org/palestine_facts/personalities/alpha_a.htm.
88.Barry Rubin and Judith
Colp Rubin, Yasir Arafat: A Political Biography (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 160.
89.Rubinstein, The Mystery of Arafat, p. 6.
90.“Arafat Names Head of Committee on Talks With Israel,” Agence France-Presse, March 19, 1995 (accessed via LexisNexis).
91.“Abbas, Mahmoud,” www.passia.org/palestine_facts/personalities/alpha_a.htm.
92.“Abu Mazen, Possible Arafat Challenger, Returns From Exile,” Associated Press, July 13, 1995 (accessed via LexisNexis).
93.Mahmoud Abbas, Through Secret Channels, p. 209.
94.“Abbas, Mahmoud,” www.passia.org/palestine_facts/personalities/alpha_a.htm.
95.“Palestinians Will Prevent Attacks From Autonomous Territories,” Agence France-Presse, January 22, 1997 (accessed via LexisNexis).
96.“Three Men Accused of Planning Attack on Arafat’s Deputy,” Associated Press, February 24, 1997 (accessed via LexisNexis); “Abbas: Islamists Plotted to Kill Me,” Reuters, February 25, 1997 (accessed via LexisNexis).
97.Imad Musa, “Report: Arafat Names Abu Mazen Successor,” Associated Press, February 4, 1998 (accessed via LexisNexis).
98.Jean-François Legrain, “The Successions of Yasir Arafat,” Journal of Palestine Studies 28, no. 4 (Summer 1999): 10.
99.Ibid., p. 190.
100.Interview with former Palestinian negotiator, Washington, DC, April 22, 2013.
101.“Abu Mazen: Had Camp David Convened Again, We Would Take the Same Positions, Part I,” Middle East Media Research Institute, August 2, 2001, www.memri
.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/489.htm.
102.Massimo Calabresi and Simon Robinson, “Bush vs. Arafat,” Time, July 8, 2002, www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1002841,00.html.
103.Greg Myre, “Soft-Spoken but Not Afraid to Voice Opinions,” New York Times, March 11, 2003, www.nytimes.com/2003/03/11/international/middleeast/11ABBA
.html.
104.Yehoshua, “Abu Mazen: Political Profile.”
105.James Bennet and John Kifner, “6 Men Who Could Be Contenders to Lead the Palestinians If Arafat Goes,” New York Times, June 14, 2002, www.nytimes.com