Royal Charles: Charles II and the Restoration

by Antonia Fraser

  Oxford, (i), (ii), (iii)n; Charles I’s headquarters at, (iv), (v), (vi); Charles I leaves, (vii), (viii); Court removed to during Plague (1665), (ix), (x), (xi); Parliament at (1681), (xii), (xiii); Parliament dissolved, (xiv), (xv)

  Oxford University, (i); congratulatory verses on C’s marriage, (ii), (iii); decree upholding arbitrary rule, (iv)

  Pall Mall, Nell Gwynn’s house at, (i)

  Palmer, Barbara, see Villiers, Barbara

  Palmer, Roger (later Earl of Castlemaine), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Paris, recaptured by Turenne from Condé, (i)

  Pascal, Blaise, (i)n

  Pastor Fido, Il (Guarini), (i)

  Paulet, Sir John, (i)

  Pearse, James, (i)

  Pedro II of Portugal, (i)

  Pegge, Catharine, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Pemberton, Lord Chief Justice, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 5th Earl of, (i)

  Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of, (i)

  Pendennis Castle, (i)

  Penderel brothers, and C’s escape from Worcester, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Penderel, Humphrey, (i), (ii)

  Penderel, John, (i)

  Penderel, Richard, (i), (ii)

  Penderel, William, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Penn, William, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Pennsylvania, (i)

  Penrith, C proclaimed King at (1651), (i)

  Penruddock, Colonel John, rising of (1655), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Pentland Rising (1666), (i)

  Pepys, Samuel, (i), (ii), (iii)n, (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); account of C’s escape from Worcester, (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii); at C’s return to England, (xiv), (xv); and republican plots, (xvi); at coronation, (xvii), (xviii)n; admiration for ‘lovely Lady Castelmaine’, (xix); on ‘the Dutch business’, (xx), (xxi), (xxii); on mood of discontent (1662), (xxiii); praise for yacht Mary, (xxiv); and plague, (xxv); on decline of C’s popularity, (xxvi); on wretched year 1666, (xxvii); on Catharine’s alleged pregnancy, (xxviii), (xxix); on Buckingham, (xxx); on Louis XIV’s ‘greatness’, (xxxi); on ‘sliding’, (xxxii); as Navy Secretary, (xxxiii), (xxxiv); also cited and quoted, (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l)

  Pepys, Mrs, (i)

  Percy, Sir Henry, Baron Percy of Alnwick, (i), (ii)

  Perrinchief, Richard, quoted, (i)

  Persian Vest incident (1666), (i)

  Perth: C at, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Cromwell reaches (1651), (v)

  Peterborough, Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of, (i)

  Peters, Henry, (i), (ii)

  Petition of Right (1628), (i)

  Petre, William, 4th Baron: accused in Popish Plot, (i); death, (ii)

  Pett, Christopher, (i)

  Pett, Peter, (i), (ii)

  Petty, Sir William, (i), (ii); experiments in naval design, (iii)

  Philip IV of Spain, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Philips, Katherine, (i)

  Phoenix (frigate), (i), (ii)

  Physicians, College of, (i)

  Physonomia (della Porta), (i)

  Pitscottie, Major General, (i)

  Pittenweem, (i)

  Plague (1665–6), (i)

  Plain Dealer, The (Wycherley), (i)

  Player, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Plunkett, Oliver, Archbishop of Armagh, (i); trial and execution for high treason, (ii), (iii)

  Plymouth, Charles Fitzcharles, Earl of (natural son), (i), (ii), (iii); marriage to Danby’s daughter, (iv), (v)

  Pope, Alexander, quoted, (i), (ii)

  Pope, John, (i)

  Popish Plot, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Portsmouth, Duchess of, see Kéroüalle, Louise de

  Portsmouth, (i); C’s marriage to Catharine at (1662), (ii)

  Portugal, (i)

  Powis, William Herbert, Earl of, accused in Popish Plot, (i)

  Preston, Sir Richard Graham, 1st Viscount, (i)

  Preston, Thomas (later Viscount Tara), (i)

  Preston, battle of (1648), (i), (ii)

  Pride, Colonel Thomas, his ‘Purge’, (i), (ii)

  Prince (ship), (i)

  Prince Charles’ Players, (i)

  Prior, Matthew, (i)

  Proud Black Eagle (frigate), (i)

  Prynne, William, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Purcell, Henry, (i)

  Pym, John, (i)

  Pyrenees, Peace of (1659), (i)

  Queenshithe, (i)

  Rainsford, Chief Justice, (i)

  Ranelagh, Richard Jones, 3rd Viscount, (i)

  ‘Raree-Show, The’ (lampoon), (i), (ii)

  Ratisbon, Truce of (1684), (i)

  Raymond, Thomas, (i)

  Rehearsal, The (Buckingham), (i), (ii)

  Reresby, Sir John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); quoted, (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Retz, Cardinal de, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Richard III, (i), (ii)

  Richard, Duke of York, (i)

  Richelieu, Cardinal, (i), (ii)

  Richmond, Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of 4th creation (natural son), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Richmond, Charles Stuart, 3rd Duke of 3rd creation, (i)

  Richmond, James Stuart, 1st Duke of 3rd creation, (i)

  Richmond and Lennox, dukedom of, (i)

  Richmond Park, (i)

  Robartes, Sir John, 2nd Baron, (i), (ii)

  Roberts, Jane, (i)

  Rochester, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of, (i); attends C after Worcester, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); and Royalist conspirators, (ix); commands guards regiment, (x)

  Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of, (i), (ii), (iii); among ‘the Wits’, (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); quoted, (viii), (ix), (x)n, (xi), (xii)

  Rochester, 1st Earl of Hyde family (formerly Laurence Hyde, q.v.), (i); Lord President of Council, (ii)

  Rochester, (i)

  Rokeby, C proclaimed King at (1651), (i)

  Roos, Lord, divorce case, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Ross, Thomas, (i)

  Rothes, John Leslie, 7th Earl and 1st Duke of, (i), (ii)

  Rouen, (i)

  Routh, Dr Martin, (i)n

  Rover, The (Behn), (i)

  Roxburgh, Countess of, (i)

  ‘Royal Angler, The’ (Rochester), (i)

  ‘Royal Buss Rock, The’ (ballad), (i)

  Royal Charles (formerly Naseby), (i); C’s return to England on, (ii), (iii); in battle of Lowestoft, (iv)

  Royal Cinderella, A (Irwin), (i)n

  Royal Escape (former Surprise), (i), (ii)

  Royal Escape (Heyer), (i)n

  Royal Exchange, (i), (ii)

  Royal Horse Guards, (i)

  Royal Martyr, The (Perrinchief), (i)

  Royal Society, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Royal Stuart Society, (i)n

  Royston, (i)

  Rumbold, Richard, (i)

  Rupert, Prince, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n, (ix), (x), (xi), (xii); surrenders Bristol, (xiii); at Henrietta Maria’s Court, (xiv); unwelcome to Engagers, (xv), (xvi); Admiral of Royalist Navy, (xvii), (xviii); privateering, (xix), (xx); on C’s ‘childish’ passion for yachting, (xxi); tennis playing, (xxii); love of spaniels, (xxiii); visit to Nore, (xxiv); Governor and Constable of Windsor Castle, (xxv)

  Russell, George, (i)

  Russell, William, Lord: intriguing with French, (i), (ii), (iii); in Rye House Plot, (iv), (v); trial and execution, (vi)

  Ruvigny, Henri de Massue, Marquis de, (i), (ii)

  Rye House Plot (1683), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Sacheverell, William, (i); supports Exclusion Bill, (ii)

  St Albans, dukedom of, (i)n

  St Albans, Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of (natural son), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  St Albans, 1st Earl of (formerly Henry Jermyn, q.v.), (i)

  St Andrews, (i)

  St Bride’s, (i), (ii)

  Saint Evremond, Seigneur de, (i)

&nb
sp; Saint-Germain, (i); Henrietta Maria’s Court at, (ii); C at (1646), (iii), (iv), (v), (1651), (vi)

  St Helier (Jersey), (i)

  St James’s Palace, (i); C’s birth at, (ii); Queen’s Chapel in, (iii); Charles I’s last days in, (iv)

  St James’s Park, (i), (ii), (iii); C’s walks in, (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  St Jean de Luz, (i)

  St Malo, (i)

  St Mary’s (Scilly Isles), (i), (ii)

  St Michael (ship), (i)

  St Paul’s Cathedral, (i), (ii)

  St Paul’s School, (i)

  Saint Simon, quoted, (i)

  Salisbury, James Cecil, 3rd Earl of, (i)

  Salisbury, (i), (ii)

  Sancroft, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, (i)

  Sandwich, Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Sasportas, Rabbi Jacob, (i)

  Saunders, Charles, (i)

  Saunders, Sir Edmund, (i)

  Savoy, Anne-Marie d’Orléans, Duchess of, (i)n, (ii)

  Sax, D. S., (i)n

  Saxe-Lauenberg, Duke of, (i)

  Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, 1st Viscount, (i)

  Scarburgh, Sir Charles, (i)

  Scilly Isles, (i)

  Scone, C’s coronation at (1651), (i), (ii)

  Scotland: Charles I’s inability to understand, (i), (ii); and First Bishops’ War, (iii); Charles I’s campaign in, (iv); his secret negotiations with, (v), (vi); and Presbyterian domination, (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); divisions in, (xi), (xii); invasion of England, (xiii), (xiv); defeat at Preston, (xv), (xvi); overtures to C, (xvii); C proclaimed King in, (xviii); C’s negotiations with, (xix); C in, (xx); Cromwell’s campaign in, (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv); C’s coronation in, (xxv); abortive Highland risings, (xxvi); republican disturbances (xxvii); reaction to episcopacy, (xxviii); proposed Union of 1670, (xxix); growing discontent, (xxx), (xxxi); rebellions, (xxxii), (xxxiii); James’s administration in, (xxxiv), (xxxv)

  Scotland Yard, (i)

  Scott, Sir Walter, (i)n

  Scroggs, Lord Chief Justice, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Sealed Knot, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Sedley, Sir Charles, (i); among ‘the Wits’, (ii)

  Settle, Elkanah, (i)

  Sévigné, Madame de, (i)

  Sexby, Edward, (i)

  Seymour, Sir Edward, (i)

  Seymour, Sir Henry, (i)

  Shaftesbury, 1st Earl of (formerly Anthony Ashley Cooper and Lord Ashley, qq.v.), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Lord Chancellor, (vii); increasing opposition to C and James, (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii); dismissed, (xiv); ‘Country’ opposition, (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx); imprisoned in Tower, (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii); release, (xxiv); and Popish Plot, (xxv), (xxvi); demands exclusion of James from Privy Council and from succession, (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv); and idea of C divorcing Catharine, (xxxv), (xxxvi); attacks Lauderdale’s Scottish regime, (xxxvii); alleges Irish Popish Plot, (xxxviii); in revived Privy Council, (xxxix), (xl); and Habeas Corpus Act, (xli); dismissed, (xlii); attempt to interdict James as recusant, (xliii), (xliv); bested by Halifax in Exclusion debate, (xlv), (xlvi); proposes legitimization of Monmouth, (xlvii); charged with high treason, (xlviii); acquitted, (xlix); Monmouth as surety for, (l), (li); flight to Holland and death, (lii)

  Shakespeare, ‘coarseness’ of, (i)

  Sharp, James, Archbishop of St Andrews, (i)

  Sheerness, (i)

  Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, (i)

  Sherwood Forest, restocking with deer, (i)

  Ship Tavern Plot (1654), (i)

  Shirley, James, (i)

  Shirley v. Fagg case (1675), (i), (ii)

  Shore, Jane, (i)

  Shoreham, C’s departure from England at (1651), (i)

  Shrewsbury, Anna Maria, Countess of, (i)

  Shrewsbury, (i)

  Sidney, Algernon, (i); intriguing with French, (ii), (iii); in Rye House Plot, (iv), (v), (vi); trial and execution, (vii)

  Sidney, Henry, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Sidney, Robert, (i), (ii)

  Sir Courtly Nice or It Cannot Be (Crowne), (i)

  Smith, Elizabeth, (i)

  Smith, Francis, (i)

  Smith, Sir James, (i)

  Smith, Simon, (i)

  Snape, Andrew, (i)

  Solemn League and Covenant (1643), (i), (ii), (iii); C’s acceptance of, (iv), (v)

  Somerset House, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Sonatas in Three Parts, (i)

  Sophia, Electress of Hanover, (i), (ii)

  Southampton, Charles Fitzroy, Duke of (natural son), (i), (ii)

  Southampton, dukedom of, (i)

  Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of, (i), (ii)

  Southwold Bay, battle of (1672), (i), (ii)

  Spa, (i)

  Spain, (i), (ii); C’s aim for treaty with, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); signing of treaty, (viii); war with France, (ix), (x); Royalist troops in service of, (xi), (xii); disappointed hopes of, (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi); Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle with France, (xvii)

  Spanish Netherlands, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); Louis XIV’s ambitions in (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

  Spanish Treaty (1658), (i), (ii)

  Speyside, C swears Oath of Covenant at, (i), (ii)

  Spithead, (i)

  Sprat, Thomas, Dean of Westminster, (i)

  Spring Coppice (Salop), (i)

  Stafford, William Howard, 1st Viscount: accused in Popish Plot, (i), (ii); trial and execution, (iii), (iv)

  Stanley, Dean, (i)n

  ‘Start, the’ (C’s attempt to leave Scotland, 1650), (i), (ii)

  Stewart, Frances (later Duchess of Richmond), (i); C’s pursuit of, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); as Britannia, (vii), (viii); elopement with Duke of Richmond, (ix)

  Stirling, (i)

  Stockdale, William, (i)

  Stonehenge, (i)

  Stop on the Exchequer, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Stourbridge, (i)

  Strachey, Lytton, (i)

  Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, trial and execution, as Charles I’s scapegoat, (i), (ii)

  Strasbourg, (i)

  Streater, Robert, (i), (ii)

  Stuart, Arbella, (i)

  Stuart, James Edward (‘Old Pretender’), (i)n, (ii)

  Suffolk, James Howard, 3rd Earl of, (i)

  Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of, (i), (ii), (iii); in revived privy Council, (iv), (v), (vi); foreign policy, (vii), (viii), (ix); at Althorp conference, (x); joins Exclusionists, (xi); reconciliation with C, (xii); increased power, (xiii)

  Surprise, The (brig), (i); C’s escape from England on, (ii)

  Sussex, Anne Fitzroy, Countess of (natural daughter), (i), (ii); friendship with Hortense Mancini, (iii); wedding, (iv), (v); liaison with Montagu, (vi)

  Sussex Yacht Club, (i)n

  Sutherland, Lady, (i)

  Swan, Sir Wolfgang William de, (i)

  Swansea, (i)

  Sweden, (i); Triple Alliance with England and Holland, (ii), (iii)

  Taaffe, Theobald, Lord (later Lord Carlingford, q.v.): and Lucy Walter, (i); as C’s confidant in exile, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Talbor, Sir Robert, (i)

  Talbot, Lady Eleanor, (i)

  Talbot, Sir Gilbert, (i)

  Talbot, Peter, Archbishop of Dublin, (i), (ii)

  Tamerlane the Great (Saunders), (i)

  Tangier: in Catharine’s dowry, (i), (ii), (iii); danger to, (iv), (v); loss of, (vi)

  Tate, Nahum, (i)n; quoted, (ii), (iii)

  Tattershall, Captain, (i), (ii)

  Taunton, (i)

  Temple, Sir William, (i), (ii); Ambassador to The Hague, (iii), (iv); in revived Privy Council, (v)

  Ten Propositions (1641), (i)

  Tenison, Thomas, (i)n

  Test Act (1673), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, (i)

  Thomas
, William, Bishop of Worcester, (i)

  ‘Threnodia Augustalis’ (Dryden), (i)

  Thurloe, John, (i), (ii); his spies, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Tillotson, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, (i)

  Titus Britannicus (Cook), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Tonge, Israel, (i)

  Torrington, battle of (1646), (i), (ii)

  Totnes, (i)

  Tower of London, Princes’ bones discovered in, (i)

  Trent Manor (Somerset), as C’s ‘Ark’, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Triennial Act (1641), (i), (ii)

  Triple Alliance, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Tromp, Admiral Maerten, (i), (ii)

  True Narrative … of his Majesty’s Miraculous Escape, A, (i)

  Truro, (i)

  Tudor, Lady Mary (later Countess of Derwentwater) (natural daughter), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Tuke, Sir Samuel, (i), (ii)

  Tunbridge Wells, (i), (ii)

  Turenne, Marshal, (i), (ii)

  Turner, Francis, Bishop of Ely, (i), (ii)

  Tuscany, Duke of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Twisden, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Uniformity, Act of: (1559), (i), (1662), (ii)

  Union, proposed Act of (1670), (i)

  United Provinces, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Anglo-French plan for action against, (v), (vi), (vii); continued French threat to, (viii), (ix). See also Holland

  Uylenbergh, Gerrit, (i)

  Van Dyck, Sir Anthony, paintings of royal children, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Van de Velde, Willem, (i)

  Vane, Sir Henry, (i)

  Vaughan, Henry, quoted, (i)

  Vendôme, Philippe de, (i)

  Venice Preserv’d (Otway), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Venner, Thomas, (i)

  Verney, Ralph, (i)

  Verrio, Antonio, (i), (ii)

  Vic, Sir Henry de, (i)

  Victoria, Queen, (i)n

  Villiers, Barbara, Countess of Castlemaine and Duchess of Cleveland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); accompanies C on return from exile, (x), (xi); as uncrowned queen, (xii), (xiii); her reputation, (xiv), (xv); conversion to Catholicism, (xvi), (xvii), (xviii); given apartments in Whitehall, (xix), (xx); and ‘Bedchamber Crisis’, (xxi); favours Dutch War, (xxii); at Oxford during Plague, (xxiii); and C’s pursuit of Frances Stewart, (xxiv), (xxv); and fall of Clarendon, (xxvi); her own dismissal and later career, (xxvii); granted land in Dublin, (xxviii), (xxix); yearly grants to, (xxx); trouble with daughter, (xxxi), (xxxii); her children, (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi); and C’s last active night, (xxxvii); later years, (xxxviii)

  Villiers, Lord Francis, as C’s childhood companion, (i), (ii)

  Viner, Sir Robert, (i), (ii)