Royal Charles: Charles II and the Restoration

by Antonia Fraser

  Jamie (yacht), (i)

  Janna Divorum (Whitcomb), (i)

  Jardin de Plaisir, Le (Mollet), (i)

  Jeffreys, George, Lord Chief Justice, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Jermyn, Henry, 1st Baron (later Earl of St Albans, q.v.), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); influence on Henrietta Maria, (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Jermyn, Henry (later 1st Baron Dover), (i), (ii); romance with Mary of Orange, (iii), (iv), (v); intrigue with Barbara Villiers, (vi), (vii)

  Jersey, (i), (ii); C’s summer in (1646), (iii); C proclaimed King in (1649), (iv); his return to (1649–50), (v), (vi)

  Joachimi, Albert, (i)

  Joanna, Infanta of Portugal, (i)

  John IV of Portugal, (i)

  John George of Anhalt-Dessau, (i)

  John George I, Elector of Saxony, (i)

  Johnson, Dr Samuel, on C’s acceptance of French subsidies, (i)

  Jolly, George, (i)

  Jones, Inigo, (i), (ii)

  Juan, Don (governor of Spanish Netherlands), C’s negotiations with, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Juxon, William: as Bishop of London, (i); as Archbishop of Canterbury, (ii)

  Karpfen, Johann Adam von, (i)

  Katharine, Princess (infant daughter of Charles I), (i)

  Keith, Sir William, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Ken, Thomas, Bishop of Bath and Wells, (i); refusal to house Nell Gwynn, (ii); at C’s deathbed, (iii), (iv), (v)

  Kennedy, John F., (i)n

  Kenyon, J. P., (i)n, (ii)n

  Kéroüalle, Louise de, Duchess of Portsmouth, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); as Lady of Bedchamber to Catharine, (xi); C’s pet name for, (xii), (xiii); her Catholicism, (xiv), (xv); shares C’s favours with Nell Gwynn, (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix); as Louis’ ‘secret weapon’, (xx), (xxi); arrival at Court, (xxii); rapid rise, (xxiii); economic demands, (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi); own apartments at Windsor, (xxvii); unpopularity, (xxviii); and succession controversy, (xxix), (xxx); joins Exclusionists after attempted indictment as common prostitute, (xxxi); at Oxford Parliament, (xxxii); domestic ascendancy, (xxxiii); and C’s last days, (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii); later years, (xxxviii)

  Kerr, Sir Robert, (i)

  Kidderminster, (i)

  Kildare, Elizabeth, Countess of, (i)

  Killigrew, Elizabeth, (i), (ii)

  Killigrew, Henry, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Killigrew, Mary, (i)

  Killigrew, Thomas, (i)

  Killigrew, Sir William, (i)

  King, Dr, Dean of Tuam, (i), (ii)

  King, Dr Edmund, (i)

  King’s Players, (i), (ii)

  King and Queen’s Entertainment, The (masque), (i)

  King’s Regiment of Guards, founding of, (i)

  Kirkby, Christopher, (i)

  Kirkwall, (i)

  Knight, Mrs (singer), (i), (ii)

  Knox, John, (i)

  Krimson, William, (i)

  Lacy, John (actor), (i)

  Lambert, Colonel John, (i), (ii); Inverkeithing victory, (iii); at Worcester, (iv); defeats Booth’s rising, (v); a prisoner, (vi)

  Lane, George, (i)

  Lane, Jane (later Lady Fisher), and C’s escape after Worcester, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, 1st Baron, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Langport, battle of (1645), (i)

  Lanier, Nicholas, (i), (ii)

  Largillierre, Nicolas de, (i)

  Laroon, M., portrait of C, (i)

  Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, (i), (ii); baptizes C, (iii); on Strafford’s execution, (iv)

  Lauderdale, John Maitland, 2nd Earl and 1st Duke of, (i), (ii), (iii); persuades C to join Scots, (iv), (v); grossness, (vi), (vii), (viii); after Worcester, (ix); capture and imprisonment, (x); Secretary of State for Scotland, (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv); in Cabal, (xvi); and Act of Union, (xvii); and Treaty of Dover, (xviii), (xix); intrigues against him, (xx), (xxi), (xxii); privy to new secret treaty with Louis XIV, (xxiii); resignation from Scottish post, (xxiv)

  Lauderdale, Elizabeth (Countess of Dysart), Duchess of, (i), (ii)

  Law, Robert, (i)

  Le Nôtre, André, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Le Sueur, Hubert, statue of Charles I, (i)n

  Le Vaux, Louis, (i)

  Lee, Nathaniel, (i)

  Legge, George, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Lely, Sir Peter, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Lenthall, Sir John, (i)

  Leopold I, Emperor, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Leslie, David, Baron Newark, (i), (ii); Dunbar defeat, (iii), (iv); at Worcester, (v)

  L’Estrange, Roger, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Levellers, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Lichfield, Edward Lee, 1st Earl of, (i)

  Lichfield, Charlotte, Countess of (natural daughter), (i), (ii); as C’s favourite, (iii); James devoted to, (iv)

  Life Guards, (i)

  Limbry (master of coasting vessel), (i), (ii)

  Little Gidding, (i)

  Lomez, Father Bento de, (i)

  London: C’s entry into (1660), (i); Plague of (1665–6), (ii); Fire of (1666), (iii), (iv); replanning of, (v). See also specific areas and buildings

  London, City of, (i); struggle over charter, (ii), (iii)

  London Gazette, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Long, Sir Robert, (i), (ii), (iii); doubtful loyalty of, (iv)

  Long Marston, (i)

  Longborough, (i)n

  Longford, Lord (financier), (i)

  Lorenzo de Medici, (i)

  Lorraine, Charles IV, Duke of, (i), (ii)

  Lothian, William Kerr, 3rd Earl of, (i)

  Louis XIV of France, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); receives C, (viii); and war of Fronde, (ix), (x), (xi); ambitions in Spanish Netherlands, (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv); concept of glory, (xvi); marriage to Maria Teresa of Spain, (xvii); support of Dutch, (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi); moves to alliance with C, (xxii), (xxiii); secret negotiations, (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi); and secret Treaty of Dover, (xxvii), (xxviii); his Court compared with C’s, (xxix), (xxx); attitude to former mistresses, (xxxi); use of Louise de Kéroüalle as ‘secret weapon’, (xxxii), (xxxiii); subsidies to C, (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii); military victories, (xxxix), (xl); third secret agreement with C, (xli); anger at Dutch marriage, (xlii); blocks subsidy, (xliii); renews subsidy, (xliv), (xlv); tough peace negotiations, (xlvi); Danby’s secret letters to, (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix); further secret negotiations with C, (l), (li), (lii); and avoidance of English military action, (liii); acquires Luxembourg, (liv)

  Louise Henrietta of Orange, Electress of Brandenburg, (i); as possible bride for C, (ii), (iii)

  Lower, Dr Richard, (i)

  Lower, William, quoted, (i)

  Lowestoft, battle of (1665), (i)

  Luisa de Guzman, Queen-Regent of Portugal, (i)

  Luxembourg, (i), (ii)

  Lyme (Regis), (i), (ii)

  Lyndhurst, King’s House at, (i)

  Lyttelton, Sir Charles, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Macaulay, Lord: on C’s death, (i), (ii), (iii)n; also quoted, (iv), (v)

  MacLaurin, C., (i)n

  Madeley (Salop), (i)

  ‘Madame’, see Henriette-Anne, Princess

  Malcolm III of Scotland, (i)

  Malignants, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Malmesbury, (i)

  Man of Mode, The (Etherege), (i)

  Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of, (i), (ii)

  Mancini, Hortense, Duchesse de Mazarin, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Manning, Henry, (i)

  Mansell, Francis, (i), (ii)

  Mansueti, Padre, (i)

  Mardyke, battle of (1657), (i)

  Margaret Tudor, (i)

  Maria Teresa (queen of Louis XIV), (i), (ii)

  Marie Louise d’Orléans, Queen of Spain, (i)

  Marie de Medici, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Marston Moor, battle of (1644), (i), (ii)

  Marvell, Andrew
, (i), (ii); criticism of Act of Union, (iii); and Stop on Exchequer, (iv); on growth of arbitrary government and Catholicism, (v); and C’s mistresses and children, (vi); also quoted, (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)

  Mary (yacht), (i), (ii)

  Mary (formerly Speaker) (ship), (i)

  Mary Queen of Scots, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n, (viii)

  Mary, Princess (later Mary II of England), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); marriage to William of Orange, (vi), (vii); as possible successor to C, (viii), (ix), (x), (xi); childlessness, (xii)

  Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (sister), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n, (ix); birth, (x); marriage to William Prince of Orange, (xi), (xii); devotion to C, (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi); tactlessness and lack of judgement, (xvii); told of C’s safety after Worcester, (xviii); and guardianship of son William, (xix), (xx); ‘seclusion’ from government of Holland, (xxi); joins C in exile, (xxii), (xxiii); romantic rumours, (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii); coolness with C over Spanish alliance, (xxviii); and his courtship of Henrietta Catharine, (xxix); and his Restoration, (xxx), (xxxi); death, (xxxii), (xxxiii)

  Mary of Guise, (i)

  Mary Beatrice of Modena (queen of James II), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); marriage, (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); retires with James to Netherlands, (ix); and C’s last days, (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii); birth of heir, (xiv), (xv)

  Mason, Sir Richard, (i)

  Mason, Anne Margaret, Lady, (i)n, (ii), (iii)

  Matthews, William, (i)n

  Maurice of Nassau, Prince, (i)

  May, Baptist, (i), (ii)

  May, Hugh, (i), (ii)

  Maynard, Sir John, (i)

  Mazarin, Cardinal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); cautious attitude to C in exile, (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi); domestic problems and dangers, (xii), (xiii), (xiv); blamed for Henrietta Maria’s penury, (xv); releases C, (xvi); and Fronde wars, (xvii), (xviii), (xix); seeks alliance with England, (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii); on Cromwell’s death, (xxiv); as premier ministre, (xxv)

  Mazarin, Duc de, (i)

  Meal Tub Plot (1679), (i)

  Medway, Dutch raid on (1667), (i), (ii)

  Melun, (i)

  Mercurius Britannicus, (i)

  Mercurius Politicus, (i)

  Merlin (yacht), (i)

  Methuen Treaty (1703), (i)

  Middleburg, (i)

  Middleton, General John, 1st Earl of, (i), (ii), (iii); at Worcester, (iv), (v); command of Highland force, (vi); defeat at Dalnaspidal, (vii); command of guards regiment, (viii); as Lord High Commissioner in Scotland, (ix)

  Middleton, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Milton, John, quoted, (i), (ii)

  Mohun, Major, (i)

  Mollet, André, (i)

  Monaco, Prince de, (i)

  Monaco, Princesse de, (i)

  Monck, George, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); decides monarchy must return, (v), (vi); C’s efforts to contact, (vii); march on London, (viii); C’s approaches to, (ix); receives C at Dover, (x); presented with Garter, (xi); Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, (xii)

  Monck, Nicholas, (i)

  Monmouth (yacht), (i), (ii)

  Monmouth, James, Duke of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); birth, (x); question of paternity and legitimacy, (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv); removed to grandmother’s care, (xvi), (xvii), (xviii); Catharine of Braganza’s friendship with, (xix); chance of succeeding C, (xx); at Great Fire, (xxi); marriage, (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv); growing popularity, (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii); Master of Horse, (xxix); interest in Exclusion controversy and claim to succession, (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv); flawed character, (xxxv); intended as titular Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, (xxxvi); Captain General, (xxxvii), (xxxviii); ‘clement victor’ in Scottish insurrection, (xxxix), (xl); as Shaftesbury’s Exclusion candidate, (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv); dismissed as Captain General, (xlv); alliance with William of Orange, (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii); return from Holland, (xlix); progresses round country, (l), (li), (lii); dismissed from all offices, (liii); in Rye House Plot, (liv), (lv); pardoned but banished from Court, (lvi); in Holland again, (lvii), (lviii); claim to have been promised succession, (lix); accuses James of poisoning C, (lx); not mentioned by dying C, (lxi); rebellion and execution, (lxii), (lxiii)

  Monmouth and Buccleuch, Anne Scott, Duchess of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  ‘Monsieur’, see Orléans, Philippe Duc d’

  Montagu, Edward, (i)

  Montagu, Ralph, engineers fall of Danby, (i)

  Montespan, Madame de, (i)

  Montpellier, (i), (ii)

  Montpensier, Anne-Marie Louise de (La Grande Mademoiselle), (i); C’s youthful courtship of, (ii), (iii); later romance with C, (iv); disgrace after Turenne’s capture of Paris, (v)

  Montrose, James Graham, Marquis of, (i), (ii); unwelcome to Engagers, (iii); invades Scotland, (iv), (v); unaware of C’s negotiations with Covenanters, (vi), (vii); apparent betrayal of by C, (viii), (ix); capture and execution, (x), (xi)

  Moorfields, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Moray, Sir Robert, (i)

  Mordaunt, John, 1st Baron Moorgate of Reigate, (i), (ii); forms new Action Group, (iii)

  Morland, Sir Samuel, (i)

  Morice, Sir William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Moseley Old Hall (Staffs), (i), (ii); C’s hiding place, (iii), (iv)

  Motteville, Madame de, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Mulgrave, John Sheffield, 3rd Earl of, (i), (ii); in revived Privy Council, (iii); seeks Princess Anne’s hand, (iv); on C’s ‘natural aversion to regal formality’, (v)

  Mun, Thomas, (i)

  Munster, Bishop of, (i)

  Naseby, battle of (1645), (i)n, (ii)

  Nash, John, (i)

  National Covenant (1638), (i), (ii), (iii); C’s acceptance of, (iv), (v)

  Navigation Acts, (i)

  Nedham, Marchamont, (i)

  Neile, Sir Paul, (i)

  Neuburg, Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Neuburg, Elizabeth Amalia of Hesse Darmstadt, Countess of, (i)

  New Delaware, (i)

  New Forest, restocking with deer, (i)

  New Jersey, (i)

  New York, (i), (ii)

  Newburgh, Sir James Livingstone, 1st Earl of, (i)

  Newburn, battle of (1640), (i)

  Newbury, second battle of (1644), (i)

  Newcastle, William Cavendish, Earl (later Duke) of, (i); as C’s governor, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); eulogy of C, (vi); on C’s riding, (vii)

  Newcastle, Margaret, Countess (later Duchess) of, (i)

  Newcastle Propositions (1646), (i)

  Newcastle upon Tyne, (i)

  Newmarket, (i), (ii); racing at, (iii); new palace at, (iv)

  Newport (IoW), (i)

  Newport, so-called Treaty of (1648), (i)

  Newton, Sir Isaac, (i)

  Nicholas, Sir Edward, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); as Secretary of State, (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); scepticism over Louis XIV’s promises, (xi); on C’s vacillation, (xii); on prospects of Spanish assistance, (xiii)

  Nineteen Propositions (1642), (i)

  No Addresses, Vote of (1648), (i)

  Nonsuch, (i), (ii)

  Nore, the, (i)

  North, Francis (Lord Guilford), (i), (ii)

  North, Roger, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Northampton, (i)

  Northern Association, (i)

  Northumberland, dukedom of, (i)

  Northumberland, George Fitzroy, 1st Duke of (natural son), (i), (ii)

  Norwich, George Goring, Earl of, (i)

  Nottingham, Charles I raises standard at (1642), (i)

  Nymegen, Peace of (1678), (i)

  O’Neill, Daniel, (i), (ii)

  Oak-Apple Day (May (i)), (ii), (iii)

  Oates, Titus, (i); and ‘Popish Plot’ fabrication, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); brief imprisonment for perjury, (ix); award
ed State apartments and allowance, (x); later fantasies, (xi); fall of, (xii); reinstatement, (xiii)

  Oatlands Palace, (i), (ii)

  Oblivion, Act of, offered by C (1651), (i)

  Observator, The, (i)

  Old St Paul’s (Ainsworth), (i)n

  Oldenburg, Duke of, (i)

  Oldmixon, John, quoted, (i), (ii)

  Oliva, Peace of (1659), (i)

  Ollard, Richard, (i)n

  Opidar, Signor, (i)

  Orléans, Anne-Marie d’ (later Duchess of Savoy), (i)n, (ii)

  Orléans, Gaston, Duc d’, (i), (ii)

  Orléans, Marie Louise d’ (later Queen of Spain), (i)

  Orléans, Philippe, Duc d’ (‘Monsieur’), (i), (ii), (iii); marriage to Henriette-Anne, (iv), (v); homosexuality, (vi), (vii); attempt to stop wife’s last visit to England, (viii); and her death, (ix)

  Orléans, Henriette-Anne, Duchess d’, see Henriette-Anne

  Ormonde, James Butler, Earl, Marquess and 1st Duke of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); in Holland with C, (viii); Irish venture, (ix); C’s renunciation of, (x); in C’s Court at Spa, (xi); and Action Party, (xii), (xiii); and C’s alleged Catholicism, (xiv); commands guards regiment, (xv); considers English situation, favours invasion, (xvi), (xvii); Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi); installed in Order of Garter, (xxii); fall engineered by Buckingham, (xxiii), (xxiv); again in charge of Ireland, (xxv); tackles land question and anarchy, (xxvi)

  Orrery, Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of, (i)

  Osborne, Sir Thomas (later earl of Danby, q.v.), (i), (ii), (iii); and fall of Clarendon, (iv), (v); Lord High Treasurer, (vi)

  Ossory, Rhomas Butler, Earl of, (i)

  Otway, Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); quoted, (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)