Royal Charles: Charles II and the Restoration

by Antonia Fraser

  Douglas, Robert, (i); at C’s coronation at Scone, (ii)

  Dover, C’s landing at (1660), (i)

  Dover, Treaty of (1670), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Dover, Secret Treaty of (1670), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); and C’s acceptance of French subsidies, (v), (vi); religious clause, (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Downes, J. F., (i)n

  Downes, John, (i)

  Downing, Sir George, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); responsibility for Dutch War, (v)

  Drogheda massacre (1649), (i)

  Dryden, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); quoted, (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)

  Du Moulin, Peter, (i)

  Dublin, (i); Kilmainham Hospital, (ii)n

  Dublin Gazette, (i)

  Duchess of Portsmouth’s Servants (theatre company), (i)

  Duke of Guise, The (Lee), (i)

  Duke of Monmouth’s Servants (theatre company), (i)

  Duke’s Players (theatre company), (i)

  Dunbar, battle of (1650), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Dundee, (i), (ii)

  Dunes, Battle of the (1658), (i)

  Dunkirk, (i), (ii)

  Duppa, Dr Brian, as C’s tutor, (i), (ii), (iii)

  D’Urfey, Thomas, quoted, (i)

  Düsseldorf, (i)

  Dutch East India Company, (i)

  Dutch War, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii). See also Holland

  Dymoke, Sir Edward, (i)

  Earle, John, Bishop of Salisbury: as C’s tutor, (i), (ii); welcomes C in Rouen, (iii); quoted, (iv)

  East India Company, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Ecclesiastical Preferments, Commission for (1681), (i)

  Edgehill, battle of (1642), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Edinburgh, (i); C proclaimed King at (1649), (ii); Montrose executed in, (iii), (iv); Holyrood Palace, (v)n

  Edward IV, (i), (ii)

  Edward V, (i)

  Eikon Basilike: (Charles I), (i); (Charles II), (ii)

  Elizabeth I, (i)n, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Elizabeth of Bohemia, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); on C’s civility, (viii); present royal family as descendants of, (ix)n

  Elizabeth, Princess (C’s sister), (i), (ii); birth, (iii); last interview with father, (iv); death, (v)

  Ellesdon, Captain, (i)

  Elliott, Elizabeth (foster-sister), (i)

  Ellis, Sir William, (i)

  Empress of Morocco (Settle), (i)

  Enfield Chase, (i)

  England’s Treasure by Foreign Trade (Mun), (i)

  Epsom Downs, (i)

  Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, (i)

  Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of, (i), (ii); as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, (iii), (iv); First Lord of Treasury, (v), (vi); failure to save Plunkett, (vii); suicide after implication in Rye House Plot, (viii)

  Etherge, Sir Charles, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Euston Hall, (i)

  Evelyn, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); on Great Fire, (ix); on Persian Vest, (x); on C’s ‘many Virtues’, (xi), (xii), (xiii); on C’s Newmarket palace, (xiv); at wrestling match, (xv); description of pelican, (xvi); on Stop to Exchequer, (xvii); on Oates, (xviii); on C’s children, (xix); on C’s Winchester palace, (xx); on C’s last active night, (xxi); on Catharine, (xxii); also cited and quoted, (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi)n, (xxxvii), (xxxviii)

  Exclusion Bills: First (1679), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Second (1680), (vii), (viii), (ix); Third (1681), (x), (xi)

  Exeter, (i); surrender of (1646), (ii)

  Experiment, The (ship), (i)

  Fagel, Henry, (i), (ii)

  Fagg, Sir John, (i)

  Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 3rd Baron, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); withdrawal from trial of Charles I, (v), (vi)

  Fairfax, Colonel Thomas, (i)

  Falkirk, (i)

  Falkland, Lucius Cary, Lord, (i)

  Fanfan (yacht), (i)

  Fanshawe, Ann Lady, (i), (ii)

  Fanshawe, Sir Richard, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Faraday, Michael, (i)n

  Fauconberg, Thomas Belasyse, Viscount, (i)

  Fea, Allan, (i)n

  Fécamp, C’s landing at (1651), (i)

  Feign’d Curtezans, The (Behn), (i)

  Fergus I of Scotland, (i)

  Ferrars family (Little Gidding), (i)

  Feversham, Louis Duras, Earl of, (i)

  Fielding, Beau, (i)

  Fifth Monarchy Men, (i), (ii)

  Filmer, Sir Robert, (i), (ii)

  Finch, Heneage, Baron (later Earl of Nottingham), (i)

  Fire of London (1666), (i), (ii)

  Fitzharris, Edward, (i), (ii)

  Fitzroy (later Palmer), Barbara, (i)

  Fitzroy, Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria (natural daughter), (i), (ii)

  Five Mile Act (1665), (i)

  Flanders, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Flecknoe, Richard, quoted, (i)

  Fleetwood, Charles, (i); at Worcester, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Flushing, (i)

  Follier (C’s barber), (i)

  Foot Guards, (i)

  Four Days’ Battle (1666), (i), (ii)

  Fox, Sir Stephen, (i), (ii)

  Fraizer, Alexander, (i)

  France, (i); considered as refuge for C, (ii), (iii), (iv); C’s stay in, (v); civil war, (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii); C’s return to, after Worcester, (xiii); his nominal pension from, (xiv); his departure from, (xv); war with Spain, (xvi), (xvii), (xviii); defensive treaty with Holland, (xix), (xx), (xxi); C’s tortuous negotiations with, (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv); treaty with Spain, (xxv), (xxvi); secret treaty with C, (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix); subsidies to C, (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv); plan for action against Dutch, (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii); hostilities, (xlviii), (xlix), (l); new secret treaties with C, (li), (lii); C’s refusal to declare war on, (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi); peace with Holland, (lvii); C’s renewed negotiations with, (lviii), (lix), (lx), (lxi), (lxii)

  Frankfurt, (i); Fair (1655), (ii)

  Frederick V, Elector Palatine, (i), (ii); C’s refusal to meet, (iii)

  Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, (i), (ii); and guardianship of William, (iii)

  Fronde, wars of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Fubbs (yacht), (i), (ii)

  Fuentarrabia, (i), (ii)

  Fuller, Bishop, (i)

  Garter, Knights of the, (i), (ii)

  Gascar, Henri, (i)

  Geeres, Sir Robert, (i)

  General Election (1679), (i), (ii), (iii)

  George IV, (i)

  George VI, (i)

  George of Denmark, Prince, (i), (ii); marriage to Princess Anne, (iii); Chief Mourner at C’s funeral, (iv)

  Gerard, Colonel John, (i)

  Gerard, Lady, (i)

  Ghent, (i)

  Gibbon, Dom (Benedictine monk), (i)

  Gibbon, Edward, quoted, (i)

  Gibbons, Grinling, (i)n, (ii), (iii)

  Giffard family (Boscobel), (i), (ii)

  Giffard, Charles, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Glencairn, William Cunningham, 9th Earl of, (i)

  Goddard, Dr Jonathan, (i), (ii)

  Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry, death of, (i), (ii)

  Godolphin, Sidney: in revived Privy Council, (i), (ii); and Althorp conference, (iii); head of Treasury, (iv)

  Goethe, quoted, (i)

  Goffe, Stephen, (i)

  Goldsmith, Oliver, quoted, (i)

  Gomeldon, William, (i)

  Goodman, Cardonnell, (i)

  Goring, George, Baron: as commander in West, (i), (ii); defeat at Langport, (iii); flight to France, (iv)

  Gowrie conspiracy, (i
), (ii)

  Grabu, Louis, (i)

  Grafton, dukedom of, (i)

  Grafton, Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of (natural son), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Grammont, Count de, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Graves, Mary, (i)

  Great Britain’s Coasting Pilot (Collins), (i)

  Green Ribbon Club, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Greenwich: Royal Observatory, (i); reafforestation, (ii)

  Greenwich Palace, (i), (ii); uncompleted new one, (iii), (iv)

  Grenville, Sir John (later Earl of Bath), (i), (ii)

  Grenville, Sir Richard: rivalry with Berkeley and Goring, (i); proposes Cornwall as Royalist enclave, (ii); imprisoned, (iii)

  Grey of Werke, Lord, 3rd Baron, (i)

  Greyhound (yacht), (i)

  Guardian, The (Cowley), (i)

  Guarini, Giovanni, (i)

  Guernsey, (i)

  Guilford, Francis North, 1st Baron, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Gunter, Colonel, (i), (ii)

  Gwynn, Nell, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); shares C’s favours with Louise, (vii), (viii), (ix); successor to Barbara Villiers, (x), (xi); economic demands, (xii); playwrights’ praise of, (xiii); support for Monmouth, (xiv); at Oxford Parliament, (xv); her children, (xvi), (xvii), (xviii); refused lodging by Ken, (xix); and C’s last days, (xx), (xxi); later years, (xxii)

  Habeas Corpus Act (1679), (i)

  Hague, The, (i), (ii); C at, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Hale, Sir Matthew, (i), (ii)

  Haley, K. H. D., (i)n

  Halifax, Sir George Savile, Marquess of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); on Absolute Monarchy and Commonwealth, (xi); on dissimulation, (xii); on Popish Plot, (xiii), (xiv); in revived Privy Council, (xv), (xvi); at Althorp conference, (xvii); defeats Exclusion Bill, (xviii), (xix); challenged to duel with Monmouth, (xx); also quoted, (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv)

  Halkett, Ann, Lady, (i)

  Ham House, (i)

  Hambledon (Hants), (i)

  Hamilton, James, 1st Duke of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); leads Scottish army into England, (v)

  Hamilton, William, 2nd Duke of: and march into England, (i), (ii); death at Worcester, (iii)

  Hammersmith, (i)

  Hampden, John, (i), (ii)

  Hampton Court, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); tennis court, (vii); trees planted at, (viii)

  Hanneman, Adriaen, (i)

  Harrison, Colonel Thomas, (i), (ii)

  Hart, Charles, (i)

  Harvey, Dr William, at Edgehill, (i)

  Hatzfeldt, Melchior, Count of, (i)

  Heale House (Wilts), (i)

  Hearne, Thomas, (i)n

  Helvoetsluys, (i)

  Henri Quatre, (i), (ii); conversion to Catholicism, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Henrietta (yacht), (i), (ii)

  Henrietta Catharine of Orange, Princess: C’s romance with, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Henrietta Maria, Queen, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); birth of C, (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv); Catholicism, (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv); heredity, (xxvi); appearance, (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi); fertility, (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv); and C’s upbringing, (xxxv), (xxxvi); visit to Continent to raise money for arms, (xxxvii), (xxxviii); demands that C join her, (xxxix), (xl), (xli); penurious exile, (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii); difficult relationship with C, (xlix), (l), (li), (lii); intrigues of her court, (liii); Jermyn’s influence on, (liv); agrees to C’s departure for Scotland, (lv); reunion with C after husband’s execution, (lvi); advises against Argyll marriage project, (lvii); charges C for meals, (lviii); attempt to convert son Henry to Catholicism, (lix); care of Monmouth, (lx), (lxi), (lxii); approves of C’s marriage, (lxiii); complains of Privy Council’s ascendancy, (lxiv); and Great Fire, (lxv); death, (lxvi)

  Henriette-Anne, Princess, later Duchesse d’Orléans (sister) (‘Madame’), (i)n, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); birth, (ix), (x); in Paris with mother, (xi), (xii), (xiii); C’s rediscovery of, (xiv); their mutual devotion, (xv), (xvi), (xvii); marriage, (xviii); as intermediary with Louis XIV, (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv); C’s letters to, (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv); and secret treaty negotiations, (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii); last visit to England, (xxxix); death, (xl), (xli), (xlii); descendants’ claim to precedence over present royal family, (xliii)n; love of spaniels, (xliv)

  Henry, Duke of Gloucester (brother), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); birth, (vi); last interview with father, (vii); as volunteer with Spanish, (viii); conversion to Catholicism attempted by mother, (ix), (x); commands regiment, (xi); as possible candidate for throne, (xii); and C’s return, (xiii); death, (xiv); expert at tennis, (xv)

  Henry (formerly Dunbar) (ship), (i)

  Henri V (Orrery), (i)

  Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (son of James I), (i)n, (ii)

  Hereford, (i)

  Herrick, Robert, quoted, (i), (ii)

  Hertford, William Seymour, 1st Marquess of, (i); as C’s governor, (ii)

  Heyer, Georgette, (i)n

  Hinton, Sir John: at Edgehill, (i), (ii); quoted, (iii)

  History of England (Oldmixon), (i), (ii)

  History of England (Macaulay), (i)n

  History of Independency, The, (i)

  History of King Richard the Second (Tate), (i)n

  Hobbes, Thomas, (i)

  Hobbs, Dr Thomas, (i)

  Holland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); C’s exile in, (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); war with, (x), (xi), (xii); C’s departure from, (xiii); commercial rivalry with England, (xiv), (xv); defensive treaty with France, (xvi), (xvii), (xviii); English contempt for, and preparations for war, (xix); war declared on, (xx); defeat at Lowestoft, (xxi); victory in Four Days’ Battle, (xxii); raid on Medway, (xxiii), (xxiv); peace, (xxv); Triple Alliance with England and Sweden, (xxvi), (xxvii); and position of William III of Orange, (xxviii); Anglo-French action planned against, (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii); excuses for war on, (xxxiii); renewed hostilities, (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi); attempt to alienate France from England, (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix); separate peace with England, (xl); defensive alliance with England, (xli); peace with France, (xlii); continued French threat to, (xliii). See also Flanders; United Provinces

  Holles, Denzil, 1st Baron, (i), (ii)

  Holloway, James, (i)

  Holloway, Sir Richard, (i)

  Hoogstraeten, (i)

  Hopkins, Gerard Manley, (i)

  Hopton, Ralph, 1st Baron: in C’s Council of advisers, (i), (ii), (iii); defeats at Tavistock and Torrington, (iv); surrender, (v)

  Horace (Philips), (i)

  Howard, Robert, (i)

  Howard, Sir Robert, (i)

  Huddleston, Father John, (i)n, (ii), (iii), (iv); and C’s concealment at Moseley, (v), (vi); exchanges on Catholic faith, (vii), (viii); and C’s reception into Catholic Church, (ix), (x)

  Huddleston, Richard, (i)

  Hudibras (Butler), (i)

  Hudson’s Bay Company, (i)

  Humfrey, Pelham, (i), (ii)

  Hunsdon Park, (i)

  Huntly Castle, (i)

  Hurst Castle, (i)

  Hutchinson, Lucy, on Strafford, (i)

  Hyde, Mrs Amphillis, (i)

  Hyde, Anne, see York, Duchess of

  Hyde, Sir Edward, see Clarendon, 1st Earl of

  Hyde, Laurence (later Earl of Rochester, q.v.), (i), (ii); in revived Privy Council, (iii), (iv); First Lord of Treasury, (v); at Althorp conference, (vi); negotiates agreement with Louis XIV, (vii)

  Inchgarvie, (i)

  Indemnity and Oblivion, Act of (1660), (i)

  Indulgence: C’s proposed Declaration of (1662), (i); proposed Declaration of (1672), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Inverkeithing, battle of (1651), (i)

  Ireland, (i), (ii); Strafford’s policy in, (iii); c
onsidered as refuge for C, (iv), (v); Cromwell’s conquest of, (vi), (vii), (viii); republican plot in, (ix); Restoration settlement of, (x), (xi), (xii); temporary quiescence, (xiii); effects of Popish Plot, (xiv); land problem and rising anarchy, (xv); James’s policy in, (xvi)

  Ireton, Henry, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Irwin, Margaret, (i)n

  ‘Jackson, William’ (C’s pseudonym after Worcester), (i), (ii)

  Jacob the Rope-dancer, (i)

  ‘Jacobite’s Epitaph, A’ (Macaulay), (i)

  Jaffray, Alexander, (i), (ii)

  James (formerly Richard) (ship), (i)

  James I (James VI of Scotland), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); religious faith, (viii); marriage, (ix); and proposed Act of Union, (x); passion for hunting, (xi); obstinacy, (xii)

  James Duke of York (later James II), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv); birth, (xv); near capture at Edgehill, (xvi), (xvii); Parliamentary captive, (xviii); escape, (xix); and revolt of fleet, (xx); coolness between C and, (xxi); in Holland, (xxii); in Jersey, (xxiii), (xxiv); serves in French Army, (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii); anger at Spanish Treaty clauses concerning Royalist soldiers, (xxviii), (xxix); Catholicism, (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl); in overall command of C’s new regiments, (xli); and Restoration, (xlii), (xliii), (xliv); increased importance after Gloucester’s death, (xlv); chance of succeeding C, (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l); unfortunate marriage to Anne Hyde, (li), (lii); ‘wanton talk’ with Barbara Villiers, (liii); interest in yachting, (liv), (lv); favours Dutch War, (lvi); commands Navy, (lvii); and Great Fire, (lviii), (lix), (lx); head of Admiralty, (lxi), (lxii); and fall of Clarendon, (lxiii), (lxiv); attitude to royal prerogative, (lxv); estrangement from C, (lxvi), (lxvii), (lxviii), (lxix), (lxx); position and character, (lxxi), (lxxii), (lxxiii); so-called Memoirs, (lxxiv); reconciliation with C, (lxxv), (lxxvi); taste for hunting, (lxxvii); skill at ‘sliding’, (lxxviii); doubt over Parliament and C subsisting together, (lxxix), (lxxx); commands fleet in Dutch War, (lxxxi), (lxxxii); refusal to take Anglican communion after Test Acts, (lxxxiii); resigns as Lord High Admiral, (lxxxiv); death of wife, (lxxxv); Catholic marriage plans, (lxxxvi), (lxxxvii), (lxxxviii); convinced of rightness of absolutism, (lxxxix), (xc); advocate of legitimate succession, (xci); marriage to Mary of Modena, (xcii), (xciii), (xciv); alarm at Danby’s Anglican policies, (xcv); privy to new secret treaty with Louis XIV, (xcvi); agrees to Dutch marriage, (xcvii); free to sit in Parliament, (xcviii), (xcix); attempts to exclude him from succession, (c), (ci), (cii), (ciii), (civ), (cv), (cvi), (cvii); withdrawal to Netherlands, (cviii), (cix); recall on C’s illness, (cx); his claim to succession strengthened, (cxi); High Commissioner in Scotland, (cxii), (cxiii), (cxiv), (cxv), (cxvi); attempted indictment as recusant, (cxvii), (cxviii); exclusion attempts defeated, (cxix), (cxx); obstinacy, (cxxi); lampoon on, (cxxii); slow return of popular prestige, (cxxiii), (cxxiv), (cxxv), (cxxvi); return from Scotland, (cxxvii); conservatism, (cxxviii); Rye House Plot against, (cxxix); resumes seat in Privy Council, (cxxx); Lord High Admiral, (cxxxi); and Monmouth’s secret return, (cxxxii); and C’s last days, (cxxxiii), (cxxxiv), (cxxxv), (cxxxvi), (cxxxvii), (cxxxviii), (cxxxix), (cxl), (cxli)n, (cxlii); and C’s burial, (cxliii); care of C’s mistresses and children, (cxliv)