The Three Emperors

by Miranda Carter

  51 LOOKS LIKE A JAIL: Nicholas’s diary, 21 June [OS]/3 July 1893, GARF 601/1/230.

  52 OUR HOSTESS: Nicholas’s diary, 25 June [OS]/7 July 1893, ibid.

  53 WHAT A PITY: Nicholas’s diary, 26 June [OS]/8 July 1893, ibid.

  54 I AM DELIGHTED: Bing, p. 71.

  55 EVERYONE FINDS: Nicholas’s diary, 20 June [OS]/2 July 1893, GARF 601/1/230.

  56 TO NO END OF: 5 July 1893, LQV, 3.2, p. 273.

  57 THE TOP OF THE: 1 July 1893, RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ.

  58 UNDIPLOMATIC BELLOWING: Weintraub, Victoria, p. 181.

  59 “NICKY” AS HE IS … UNAFFECTED: 1 July 1893, RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ.

  60 A BIG ROUND BALL: Nicholas’s diary, 19 June [OS]/1 July 1893, GARF 601/1/230.

  61 RADIANT … SISTERS ALSO: Bing, p. 72.

  62 THE LAST TIME ALONE: 2 July 1893, RA/GV/PRIV/GVD.

  63 FANCY ME: Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 286.

  64 AS I WOULD: A to Xenia, Maylunas, p. 45.

  65 EVEN MY DEAR MAMA: 19 April 1894, Lutyens, p. 65.

  66 I WAS IN A STATE … WITH ALIX: N to Minny, 10 April 1894, Bing, p. 75.

  67 THE PART OF CUPID … FOR ALIX: Viereck, p. 184.

  68 WE WERE LEFT ALONE: Bing, p. 76.

  69 QUITE THUNDERSTRUCK … END OF JUNE: Journal, LQV, 3.2, p. 395.

  70 GRANNY: Nicholas II, Journal, p. 54.

  71 AS SHE HAS: QV to N, 10 [OS]/22 April 1894, Maylunas, p. 59.

  72 PLEASE DO NOT: A to QV, ibid., p. 57.

  73 I AM QUITE: G to N, 21 April 1894, GARF 601/1/1219.

  74 MY DEAREST OLD: N to G, 14 [OS]/26 April 1894, RA GV/PRIV/AA/43/35.

  75 PARADISIACAL HAPPINESS: Nicholas II, Journal, p. 81.

  76 IN A CERTAIN PLACE: Nicholas’s diary, 14 [OS]/26 June 1894, GARF 601/1/232.

  77 WALKED IN BARE … EVER SAY: 7 July 1894, Nicholas II, Journal, pp. 77–78.

  78 IS MOST AFFECTIONATE: 11 July 1894, LQV, 3.2, p. 413.

  79 SHE IS VERY: A to N, 10 [OS]/22 April 1894, Maylunas, p. 60.

  80 GOOD GRANNY’S … HOW GHASTLY!: Nicholas II, Journal, pp. 81, 78.

  81 DELICATE-LOOKING: Morrow, p. 49.

  82 VERY BASHFUL … THAN OTHERWISE: Eckhardstein, p. 76.

  83 GAPING MORE AT US: N to A, 16 June 1894, Maylunas, p. 76.

  84 MOST OF THEM: N to Minny, 27 June 1894, Bing, p. 84.

  85 BECAUSE A MAN: Lee, 1, p. 399.

  86 EITHER THE BRUTE: Cowles, p. 159.

  87 MORTALLY ILL: W to QV, 24 Aug. 1894, LQV, 3.2, p. 423.

  88 LORD, LORD: 20 Oct. [OS]/2 Nov. 1894, Nicholas II, Journal, p. 107.

  89 HARASSED: Vorres, p. 68.

  90 WHAT AM I TO DO?: Alexander Mikhailovich, p. 168.

  91 HE WAS IN DESPAIR … PRINCE OF WALES: Vorres, p. 67.

  92 I CANNOT TELL YOU: N to QV, 30 Oct. 1894, Maylunas, p. 102.

  93 I WONDER WHAT: Vorres, p. 68.

  94 IT WOULD INTEREST ME: Lee, 1, pp. 268–69.

  95 POPULAR OPINION IN: 21 June 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/H/46/68.

  96 THAT OLD, TIRESOME: St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 299.

  97 DEAR PAPA: 22 Oct. [OS]/4 Nov. 1894, Nicholas II, Journal, p. 110.

  98 BARBAROUS AND: Ellis to QV, 23 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/Z/MAIN/499/145.

  99 OPPORTUNITY TO SEE: Magnus, p. 246.

  100 HE HAD COME BY: Footnote, 1 Nov. 1894, RA/GV/PRIV/GVD.

  101 MOST FATIGUING FOR: Lascelles to QV, 14 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/499/120.

  102 THE CROWD WAS SO: Lascelles to QV, 19 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/499/134.

  103 THE SMELL WAS: Magnus, p. 248.

  104 TOMORROW MORNING: QV to V, 25 Nov. 1894, Ramm, p. 173.

  105 DEAR ALICKY: G to QV, 28 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/274/52.

  106 DREADFULLY PALE: Charlotte Knollys, quoted in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 298.

  107 SOMEBODY ELSE’S: King, p. 345.

  108 OUR MARRIAGE: Massie, Nicholas, p. 44.

  109 EVEN AT THIS SUPREME: Marie, Queen of Roumania, 2, p. 68.

  110 EVERYTHING HAD THE APPEARANCE: Ellis to QV, 26 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/Z/MAIN/274/43.

  111 AS THEY DROVE: Vorres, p. 76.

  112 THIS IS THE FIRST: G to QV, 28 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/274/52.

  113 GREATLY EMBARRASSED: Gore, p. 121.

  114 THE DUKE OF YORK: Ellis to Knollys, St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 298.

  115 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE: Ellis to Bigge, 1 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/499/68.

  116 A LIBERALITY: Daily Telegraph, 26 Nov. 1894.

  117 ANOTHER YOUNG EMPEROR: Ellis to QV, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/499/145.

  118 THE CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY: Lee, 1, p. 692.

  119 OUR RELATIONS WITH: Neilson, p. 147.

  120 UNSURPASSED TACT: The Times, 6 Dec. 1894.

  121 IT IS SCARCELY: The Standard, 3 Dec. 1894.

  122 I CAN’T TELL YOU: G to N, 25 Dec. 1894, GARF 601/1/1219.

  6 WILHELM ANGLOPHILE 1891–95

  1 HIS OWN MINISTER … OUT THE ORDERS: Paget, Embassies, 1, p. 496.

  2 AN INSTRUMENT OF: Quoted in Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 276.

  3 I BELIEVE I: Clark, Wilhelm II, p. 62.

  4 AT LEAST … A MAN: Contemporary Review, April 1892, p. 458.

  5 SUCCEEDED FROM CHILDHOOD: MacDonagh, p. 261.

  6 THAT HER SONS: Epkenhans, p. 27.

  7 THE IMPORTANCE: The Standard, 16 July 1891.

  8 HE WILL BE ABLE: The Times, 2 July 1891.

  9 THE OLD JACKBOOT: Justice, 30 June 1888.

  10 I HAVE ALWAYS FELT: Daily Telegraph, 10 July 1891.

  11 HE IS RATHER SHORT: Morley, 1, p. 272.

  12 EXTRAORDINARY ENERGY: Arthur Balfour to Lady Elcho, quoted in K. Young, p. 121.

  13 THEY ARE ALL: 21 April 1891, Mallet, p. 52.

  14 THAT DREADFUL TYRANT: Marie to Charlotte, ca. July 1890, quoted in Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 641.

  15 HOW I LOVE: Kohut, Wilhelm II, p. 202.

  16 SHE WAS, SHE WROTE: Journal, 4 July 1891, LQV, 3.2, p. 49.

  17 STEREOTYPED GRACIOUSNESS: Marie, Queen of Roumania, 2, p. 227.

  18 STIFFNESS, RUDENESS: Ernst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg, quoted in Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 362.

  19 SHE WAS NOT BROUGHT UP: Bülow, 1.

  20 I SHALL COUNT: W to QV, 28 Jan. 1893, LQV 3.2, p. 215.

  21 EVEN AS A CHILD: Duke of Windsor, A King’s, p. 15.

  22 IT WAS A GREAT … BUSHES: F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 13.

  23 UNRESTRAINED CONVERSATION: Admiral Hollman, quoted in Hull, p. 204.

  24 THE OLD AND STRONG: W to QV, 20 July 1891, RA VIC/MAIN/T/59/42.

  25 BRUTAL COLONISTS: See Roberts, p. 486.

  26 REVERED BY ALL: W to QV, 22 May 1892, RA VIC/MAIN/I/59/80.

  27 TO VISIT YOU QUITE: W to QV, 15 March 1892, LQV, 3.2, p. 106.

  28 NERVOUS BREAKDOWN: Malet to H. Ponsonby, 4 April 1892, LQV, 3.2, p. 110.

  29 BE MAD: 22 Dec. 1891, Waldersee, 2, p. 228.

  30 TOO MUCH OVERWORKED: W to QV, 15 March 1892, LQV, 3.2, p. 10.

  31 DISTRACTIONS: 4 Oct. 1890, Waldersee, 2, p. 153.

  32 CONTINUALLY TALKING: Hohenlohe, Denkwürdigkeiten, 2, p. 430.

  33 IT IS UNENDURABLE: MacDonagh, p. 220.

  34 NEVER THINKS OF DOING: 17 July 1892, Röhl, Germany Without, p. 102.

  35 IN A STATE OF: Topham, pp. 125–26.

  36 WILHELM II WANTS: Quoted in Bülow, 1, p. 3.

  37 THE HOPE OF A: Pan-German League newspaper advert, 24 June 1890.

  38 SHOOT DOWN … CRUSH: Balfour, The Kaiser, p. 159.

  39 BEEN APPOINTED BY AN AUTHORITY: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 275.

  40 THE WORLD: Waldersee, 2, 16 March 1892, p. 235.

  41 ALTOGETHER BEG: QV to V, 22 Sept. 1891, Ramm, p. 132.

  42 ALMOST ALWAYS WAS: Kohut, Wilhelm II, p. 234.

  43 IT WOULD BE: Salisbury to QV, 14 April 1892, LQV 3.2, p. 110.

  44 NO NO I REALLY: A. Ponsonby, p. 297.

  45 THE QUEEN NEVER: QV to H. Ponsonby, 15 June 1892, RA VIC/MAIN/I/59/86.

  46 HINT THAT THESE
: H. Ponsonby to Malet, 24 June 1892, LQV, 3.2, p. 125.

  47 NOT IN THE LEAST: E to G, 5 Aug. 1892, Magnus, p. 240.

  48 IMMENSELY: St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 284.

  49 ONE-QUARTER OF THE WORLD’S: See Ferguson, Empire, p. 240.

  50 WE ASSIST ENGLAND: Kennedy, The Rise, p. 213.

  51 EXPRESSED SATISFACTION: Grey, p. 15.

  52 IF ONE IS NOT … SOOTHE HIM: Haller, 1, pp. 142–43.

  53 CONTINUOUSLY FIGHTING: Hull, Entourage, p. 17.

  54 THE FAT UNWIELDY: Haller, 1, pp. 144–46.

  55 RUBBER MACKINTOSHES: MacDonagh, p. 180.

  56 A CAPABLE … SOME DAMAGE: Haller, 1, pp. 144–46.

  57 MUCH STARTLED AND: 2 Aug. 1893, RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ.

  58 AS WILHELM APOLOGIZED: Eckhardstein, p. 55.

  59 NEW ABOUT-TURN: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 486.

  60 ALMOST INCOMPREHENSIBLE: Rich, p. 365.

  61 DEMONSTRATE THE DISADVANTAGES: Ibid., p. 370.

  62 TURTLE DOVES: Eckhardstein, Lebeserinnerungen und politische Denkwürdigkeiten II, Leipzig 1919–20, p. 161.

  63 SPLENDID, CORRESPONDS: Wilhelm on Hatzfeldt to Caprivi, GP, 8, p. 439.

  64 WE MUST HAVE: Athlone, p. 147.

  65 NEVER YOU MIND: Heinrich to G, 17 May 1900, RA GV/PRIV/AA/43/95.

  66 SHAMELESS: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 492.

  67 THIS FISHING: Benson, p. 109.

  68 THOROUGHLY INSUFFERABLE: Kennedy, The Rise, p. 215.

  69 OVERWHELMED: W to QV, 24 April 1894, LQV, 3.2, p. 396.

  70 HE TOLD THE BRITISH: Malet to QV, June 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/I 60/77.

  71 GRACIOUSLY ACKNOWLEDGED: Daily Telegraph, 7 Aug. 1894.

  72 ANGRY COMPLAINTS: See Gosselin to Foreign Office (hereafter FO), 5 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/I/60/100.

  73 THE NEXT TIME ENGLAND: Nov. 1894, Kimberley, RA VIC/I/MAIN/60/102.

  74 THE ABRUPT: Grey, p. 10.

  75 IT IS DIFFICULT: Craig, p. 245.

  76 ENGLAND WOULD ONLY BE: 12 Oct. 1896, Holstein to Radolin, Holstein, 3, p. 548.

  77 I CANNOT DENY: 3 May 1895, Eulenburg to Holstein, ibid., pp. 511–12.

  78 THE RUDENESS OF: 4 Dec. 1895, Lascelles, Public Record Office (hereafter PRO) FO 800/17 F.

  79 THE SUDDEN IMPULSE: Monson to FO, 8 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/I/60/101.

  80 IN VIEW OF THE: Röhl, Germany Without, p. 73.

  81 HOBBESIAN WAR: Steinberg, “The Kaiser and the British,” p. 7.

  82 THE ARMY AND I: Cecil, Wilhelm, 1, p. 124.

  83 LEAD THREE: Afflerbach, p. 202.

  84 THE BOSS OF: St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 284.

  85 TAKEN THIS AS A SLIGHT: 10 June 1895, Hohenlohe, p. 76.

  86 FAT OLD WALES: Kiderlen Wächter to Holstein, 7 Aug. 1895, Holstein, 3, p. 537.

  87 THE OLD PEACOCK: Eckhardstein, p. 56.

  88 VERY UNKIND: W to QV, 8 Jan. 1896, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/500/5.

  89 LIKE A JEALOUS: Roberts, p. 612.

  90 ESPECIALLY THE KAISER: QV to Salisbury, 8 Aug. 1895, LQV, 3.3, pp. 547–48.

  91 THE PRIME MINISTER: See 7 Aug. 1895, Holstein, 3, p. 538.

  92 I VERY MUCH: Undersecretary von Rotenhan to Holstein, Kohut, “Kaiser Wilhelm II and His Parents,” pp. 84–85.

  7 PERFIDIOUS MUSCOVY 1895–97

  1 THE FIRST ACTS: Ellis to QV, 26 Nov. 1894, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/274/43.

  2 HOW NOT TO: Konstantin Romanov’s diary, 9 Nov. 1894, Maylunas, p. 106.

  3 COUCHED IN THE MOST: Lascelles to Kimberley, 12 Feb. 1895, RA VIC/MAIN/H/46/110.

  4 I SHALL MAINTAIN … IMPRESSION: Charques, p. 54.

  5 THE MOST DISTRESSING: Radzinsky, p. 42.

  6 CORDIAL RELATIONS WITH ENGLAND: Lascelles, 26 Feb. 1895, RA VIC/MAIN/H/46/112.

  7 I FIND THEM SUCH NICE: N to E, 3 [OS]/15 Feb. 1895, RA VIC/MAIN/T/10/41.

  8 WOULD BE RECEIVED: Daily Telegraph, 16 Nov. 1895.

  9 THEY SAW NO REASON … A PINCH CAME: Neilson, pp. 155–56.

  10 HOW DEEPLY I & MY: QV to N, 15 May 1895, RA VIC/MAIN/H/46/121.

  11 I MUST SAY: N to QV, 10 [OS]/22 May 1895, GARF 601/1/1111.

  12 DISCOURAGING … IN RUSSIA: Lascelles report, 9 Oct. 1895, RA VIC/MAIN/H/46/132.

  13 AT HEART UNFRIENDLY: Neilson, p. 64.

  14 ALMOST A DISEASED MISTRUST: O’Conor, 7 Sept. 1896, ibid.

  15 ENCOURAGING FRANCE: Journal, 8 April 1896, LQV, 3.3, p. 39.

  16 VERY UNHAPPY: Journal, 6 April 1896, ibid.

  17 A GOVERNMENT: E. Morris, p. 245.

  18 NO IMPOSSIBLE: W note on Radolin to Holstein, 28 Dec. 1897, Holstein, 4, pp. 60–61.

  19 THE TSAR DRINKS: Radolin to Holstein, 19 Nov. 1895, Holstein, 3, p. 565.

  20 EXASPERATINGLY POLITE: Witte, p. 179.

  21 POSSESSED IN A: Rosen, 1, p. 101.

  22 NERVOUS STRAIN … WORRIED: Vorres, p. 108.

  23 NOTHING REMAINS SECRET: Neilson, p. 82.

  24 CHARMING, AGREEABLE: W to QV, RA VIC/MAIN/I/59/98.

  25 I CAN ONLY: W to N, 27 Oct. [OS]/8 Nov. 1894, Maylunas, pp. 100–101.

  26 OUR RELATIONS WITH: Eulenburg to Holstein, 11 Jan. 1895, Holstein, 3, p. 489.

  27 OPENING THE DOORS … ITSELF STRONG: W to N, 7 Feb. 1895, Grant, pp. 7–8.

  28 I HAVE GREAT … BUT OF EVIL: Munster to Holstein, 11 June 1895, Holstein, 3, p. 517.

  29 THE GREAT TASK … RACE: W to N, 26 April 1895, ibid., p. 10.

  30 TO TIE RUSSIA DOWN: GP, 9, no. 2318.

  31 DO ALL IN MY POWER … NICE: W to N, 26 April 1895, Grant, p. 10.

  32 HIS MAJESTY HAS THUS: Quoted in Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 755.

  33 EVERY GERMAN: See Hohenlohe, GP, 9, 12 Sept. 1895, no. 2319, pp. 360–61, also McLean, pp. 29–30.

  34 DAMNED RASCALS … AN ALLEGORICAL DRAWING: W to N, 26 Sept. 1895, Grant, pp. 20–21.

  35 THE DANGER WHICH: W to N, 25 Oct. 1895, ibid., p. 23.

  36 QUEEN VICTORIA FELT: Footnote, F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 54.

  37 HM IS BEGINNING: Holstein to Radolin, 30 Oct. 1895, Holstein, 3, p. 556.

  38 I RECEIVED MOLTKE: 18 Sept. 1895, Nicholas II, Journal, p. 134.

  39 A QUIET MAN: Jefferson, p. 220.

  40 BOORISH AND BOSSY: See Duff, p. 192.

  41 TRAITOR TO HER FAITH: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 650.

  42 I QUITE AGREE: W to N, 19 April 1896, Grant, p. 37.

  43 THE LAST STRONGHOLD: Mossolov, p. 108.

  44 UNINTERESTED: See Holstein to Radolin, 6 July 1895, Holstein, 3, p. 530.

  45 THE INTRIGUING OF: 24 June 1895, ibid., p. 137.

  46 STRONG HUMANITARIAN: Mackenzie Wallace, 1903, RA VIC/MAIN/W/44/15c.

  47 DARK SPOT … SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES: Kennedy, The Rise, pp. 218–19.

  48 EVEN SO UNDIPLOMATIC: W to N, 25 Oct. 1895, Grant, p. 27.

  49 ENTIRELY NORMAL: Röhl and Bellaigue, p. 784.

  50 ASTONISHING ACCUSATIONS … AND AFFECTED: W to Marschall, 25 Oct. 1895, GP, 11, pp. 8–11.

  51 THE CONDUCT OF: F. Lascelles, 4 Dec. 1895, PRO FO 800/17.

  52 I DECLARE QUITE: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 764.

  53 THE SAME THING TO THE HAPLESS: W to Hohenlohe, GP, 10, pp. 251–55.

  54 WHAT HAPPENS NOW: Holstein to Eulenburg, 21 Dec. 1895, Holstein, 3, pp. 576–77.

  55 RABID: Chirol quoted in Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 784.

  56 THE TRANSVAAL REPUBLIC: W to N, 2 Jan. 1896, Grant, p. 29.

  57 ENCOURAGEMENT OF CHAMBERLAIN: Balfour, Britain and, p. 229.

  58 A THREATENING FORMAL NOTE: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 787.

  59 I EXPRESS MY: W to President Kruger of Transvaal, 3 Jan. 1896, GP, 11, pp. 31–32.

  60 THE NATION WILL: St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 285.

  61 OUTRAGEOUS, AND: Journal, 2 Jan. 1896, LQV 3.3, p. 6.

  62 A MOST GRATUITOUS: Knollys to Bigge, 4 Jan. 1996, ibid., p. 7.

  63 TRUE FEELINGS: Bülow, 4, p. 665.

  64 SPOKE LOUD: 22 Feb. 1896, Lady Lytton, p. 60.

  65 AS YOUR GRANDMOTHER: QV to W, 5 Jan. 1896, LQV, 3.3,
p. 8.

  66 I WAS SO INCENSED: W to QV, 8 Jan. 1896, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/500/5.

  67 FULLY TO ACCEPT: Salisbury to QV, 12 Jan. 1896, LQV 3.3, pp. 20–21.

  68 THE OLD WOMAN: Roberts, p. 626.

  69 SO CONCERNED BY THE … DESTROY ENGLAND: Röhl and de Bellaigue, pp. 789, 796–97.

  70 THE RUSSIANS HAD BEEN: See Holstein to Radolin, 21 May 1896, Holstein, 3, p. 615.

  71 HAD BEEN SANCTIONED BY: GP, 11, no. 2771.

  72 LITERALLY HORRIFIED: Hatzfeldt quoted in Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 798.

  73 SEEMED MORE EXCITABLE: G to N, 26 April 1896, GARF 601/1/1219.

  74 CERTAINLY BE BOOED: See Hatzfeldt to Holstein, 28 April 1896, Holstein, 3, p. 608.

  75 HE INVITED … FOR COMPENSATION: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 968.

  76 SHOULD BE SO UNWORTHY … TEAPOT: Wickham-Steed, p. 67.

  77 TIPPLING GRANDMOTHER: Mons to Bülow, April 1896, Bülow, 1, p. 32.

  78 TO TREAT HIM BADLY: Waldersee, 2, pp. 356–57.

  79 I MUST SAY: G to N, 17 April 1896, GARF 601/1/1219.

  80 AT WINDSOR IT WAS SAID: Lady Lytton, p. 68.

  81 DESCRIBING IN DETAIL: See, for example, O’Conor to QV, 31 May 1896, RA VIC/MAIN/H/47/17.

  82 HOW OUTRAGEOUS CAN: Maylunas, p. 151.

  83 MAY BE BLAMED: QV to O’Conor, 3 June 1896, RA VIC/H/MAIN/47/19.

  84 VIOLENCE TO THEIR: O’Conor to QV, 2 June 1896, RA VIC/MAIN/H/47/17.

  85 A SCOTTISH ACCENT: Lady Lytton, p. 36.

  86 LORD ROSEBERY SAID: F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 15.

  87 SIBERIA: Roberts, p. 406.

  88 SHE IS MARVELLOUSLY: N to Minny, 13 [OS]/25 Sept. 1896, Bing, p. 118.

  89 DEAR NICKY AND ALICKY: QV to V, 25 Sept. 1896, Ramm, p. 195.

  90 UNMISTAKABLY LOVELY … JOLLY: Lutyens, pp. 74, 80.

  91 FROM THE VERY FIRST … AND RAIN: N to Minny, 2 [OS]/14 Oct. 1896, Bing, pp. 119–20.

  92 I’M GLAD: N to Minny, 13 [OS]/25 Sept. 1896, ibid., p. 118.

  93 HAD A TALK: 22 Sept. 1896, RA GV/PRIV/GVD.

  94 I REMARKED THAT: Journal, 24 Sept. 1896, LQV, 3.3, p. 83.

  95 THE EMPEROR IS: QV to Salisbury, 24 Sept. 1896, ibid., p. 81.

  96 I HAD TWO: N to Minny, 2 [OS]/14 Oct. 1896, Bing, p. 120.

  97 THE ABSURDITY OF … OF GERMANY: Jefferson, pp. 217–18, 128.

  98 I AM EXTREMELY: W to the Foreign Ministry, 9 Sept. 1896, GP, 11, no. 2861, p. 360.

  99 THIS WAS A RATHER: Jefferson, p. 220.

  100 MUCH STRUCK BY: Journal, 28 Sept. 1896, LQV, 3.3, p. 84; see also Jefferson, p. 216.