The Three Emperors

by Miranda Carter

101 VERY DIFFERENT FROM: 27 Sept. 1896, Lutyens, p. 80.

  102 DISTINCTLY AVERSE … AN IMPRUDENCE: Salisbury to QV, 29 Sept. 1896, LQV, 3.3, pp. 85–102.

  103 HE THOUGHT IT … AT PEACE: QV account of talk with N, 2 Oct. 1896, RA VIC/MAIN/H/48/4.

  104 A BREATHTAKING TIP: Mallet, p. 94, n. 2.

  105 KINDLY USE: QV to N, 5 Oct. 1896, RA VIC/H/MAIN/48/10.

  106 AS TO EGYPT … HIS DEEDS: N to QV, 10 Oct. 1896, GARF 601/1/1111.

  107 WOULD UNQUESTIONABLY HAVE: Rosen, 1, p. 128.

  108 MET HIS MOTHER: Radolin to Hohenlohe, 17 Jan. 1897, Hohenlohe, pp. 292–94.

  109 BLACK, DARK AND: N to Minny, 2 [OS]/14 Oct. 1896, Bing, p. 125.

  110 IN HIS PRESENCE: W to Hohenlohe, 20 Oct. 1896, GP, 11, no. 2868.

  111 SWINE: Kiderlen-Wächter to Holstein, 15 Jan. 1907, Holstein, 4, p. 3.

  112 A FRIEND OF FRANCE … AFTER HIM: Holstein to Radolin, 10 Jan. 1897, ibid., 4, p. 1.

  113 CONCEITED AND VAIN: Neilson, p. 65.

  114 RUSSIA DOESN’T: O’Conor to FO, 24 Jan. 1897, RA VIC/MAIN/H/48/32; see also Buchanan, 1, p. 169.

  115 SPECIAL BRANCH: Cook, M, pp. 135–36.

  116 HAVE YOU ANY: W to QV, 2 Jan. 1897, RA VIC/MAIN/I/61/1.

  117 AND I AM: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 967.

  118 I FEEL LIKE: W to QV, 10 April 1897, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/500/7.

  119 PERSONAL HATRED: Journal, 29 Aug. 1897, LQV, 3.3, p. 197.

  120 THE GERMAN EMPEROR: 31 May 1897, Mallet, p. 21.

  121 COMPLETELY UNASSAILABLE: J. Morris, 2, p. 28.

  122 IT NOW OCCUPIED: Ferguson, Empire, p. 240.

  123 THE MOST WONDERFUL: 22 June 1897, RA GV/PRIV/GVD.

  124 A LOOSE AGGREGATE: J. Morris, 2, p. 422.

  125 THE MOST DANGEROUS: The Times, 17 July 1897.

  126 WHICH DOES NOT: Roberts, p. 627.

  127 VERY MUCH DEPRESSED: 5 Nov. 1896, Mallet, p. 95.

  128 THE UGLIER SIDE OF EMPIRE: See Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts, p. 141.

  129 EMPEROR NICHOLAS: Bülow to the Foreign Ministry, 10 Aug. 1897, GP, 13, p. 76.

  130 NICHOLAS SAID: See 20 Aug. 1897, GP, 13.

  131 THANK GOD … à VOMIR: N to Minny, 23 July 1897, Bing, p. 128.

  132 WE HAVE … TO: W to FO, 6 Nov. 1897, GP, 14, p. 67.

  133 HE WASN’T OPPOSED: Bülow to FO, 11 Aug. 1897, GP, 14, p. 58.

  134 AGREEMENT WITH THE EMPEROR: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 960.

  135 THANK GOD WE: N to George, 29 March 1898, Maylunas, p. 171.

  136 A SCRAMBLE FOR CHINA: See Neilson, pp. 184–95.

  137 WE FOLLOW IN: W to N, 1 Jan. 1898, Grant, p. 44.

  138 COLD AND: Bülow, 1, p. 205.

  139 I NEVER SAY: Von Derenthall to Hohenlohe, 21 June 1899, GP, 13, p. 213.

  140 NINNY … GROW TURNIPS: Cecil, “Wilhelm II and,” p. 123–24.

  8 BEHIND THE WALL 1893–1904

  1 KIND EYES: Buxhoeveden, p. 245.

  2 CHARMING, SYMPATHETIC: Tuchman, Proud Tower, p. 230, 2nd quote: W. T. Stead account of meeting Nicky, Nov. 1898, RA VIC/H/48/62.

  3 AFTER TEA: 24 Oct. 1894, Nicholas II, Journal, p. 134.

  4 NEVER DID I: Ibid., p. 125.

  5 MY SWEET OLD: 10 June 1895, ibid., p. 130.

  6 I ONLY HEAR: Radolin to Holstein, 19 Nov. 1895, Holstein, 3, p. 565.

  7 LOVED A HOMELY … ENGLISH HOUSE: Buxhoeveden, p. 52.

  8 SHE LONGED TO: Ibid., p. 58.

  9 OVER SENSITIVE AND: Marie, Grand Duchess of Russia, A Romanov, p. 82.

  10 IF ALICKY SMILED: Vorres, p. 73.

  11 STINGING ANSWERS: Mossolov, p. 54.

  12 PUBLICLY REPRIMANDING: King, p. 250.

  13 IT WAS CONTRARY: Buxhoeveden, p. 77.

  14 SHOWED JEALOUSY: Mossolov, p. 30.

  15 WHY? SO AS TO HEAR: Buxhoeveden.

  16 NEITHER THE TSAR: Mossolov, p. 239.

  17 SO RESERVED AND CLOSED-OFF: Radolin to Hohenlohe, 18 Aug. 1897, GP, 13, p. 79.

  18 THE SOVEREIGNS THEMSELVES: Botkin, p. 31.

  19 ON THEIR MAGISTERIAL: Lutyens, p. 81.

  20 NEITHER [GROUP] TOUCHED US: Dehn, ch. 2.

  21 ROYALLY BORED: Mossolov, p. 197.

  22 IT ALMOST SEEMED: Ethel Howard, p. 177.

  23 WILHELM LIKED TO SAY: F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 257.

  24 ANYTHING STIFFER: Count Gleichen to E, 10 March 1905, RA VIC/W/45/126.

  25 THE ELDERLY GENERALS: Topham, pp. 125–26.

  26 GUSTAV VON NEUMANN-COSEL: Gorlitz, Der Kaiser, p. 206.

  27 ONE DAY AT TABLE … DICTIONARY: Witte, p. 101.

  28 THE POOR WORKMEN: Buxhoeveden, p. 109.

  29 I FELT GREEN: N to Minny, 7 [OS]/19 Aug. 1896, Bing, pp. 116–17.

  30 UNABLE TO CHANGE: Vyrubova, pp. 57–58.

  31 THE ENCHANTED LITTLE: Botkin, p. 61.

  32 OUR YOUNG MONARCH: Lamsdorff, Dnevnik, p. 401.

  33 HE REMAINS: Konstantin Romanov’s Journal, 27 Dec. 1897, Maylunas, p. 167.

  34 THE EMPEROR IS: Neilson, p. 54.

  35 THE REPUTATION OF: Tschirrsky to Hohenlohe, 16 June 1898, Auswärtiges Amt, Russland No. 82/1/Bd 4, R10691.

  36 TODAY ONE THING: MacDonogh, p. 220.

  37 LIE LOW … BODY: Mossolov, pp. 127, 13.

  38 THE BUREAUCRACY IS: Ibid., p. 129.

  39 TO KEEP HIM ON TRACK: See Mackenzie-Wallace, 10 Nov. 1902, RA VIC/W/43/149.

  40 THE VERY IDEA: Mossolov, p. 10.

  41 HE ONLY GRASPS: Polovtsova, Krasny Arkhiv, 3, p. 131.

  42 IRON, STEEL AND COAL: U.S. Library of Congress Country Studies, 1996.

  43 LIKE A BUTLER: Pares, p. 157.

  44 HE HAS NOBODY: Buxhoeveden, pp. 108–9.

  45 WE TALKED FOR: Witte, p. 179.

  46 IT IS A COMPLETE: Minny to N, 1[OS]/12 Oct. 1902, Bing, pp. 162–63.

  47 A STRONG AND STEADY … GRIEF: N to Minny, 20 Oct. [OS]/2 Nov. 1902, ibid., p. 167.

  48 GLUM LITTLE VILLA: Nicolson, King George, p. 51.

  49 A POKY AND INCONVENIENT: Athlone, p. 123.

  50 A LEADEN PELICAN … SADDENED: Nicolson, King George, p. 51.

  51 HIS ENGAGEMENTS: See Gore, p. 126.

  52 FOR SEVENTEEN YEARS: Nicolson, Diaries, p. 174.

  53 667 DEAD: 3 Dec. 1893, Nicholas II, Journal, p. 43.

  54 33,967 ANIMALS … BEASTS: MacDonogh, p. 231.

  55 IT IS A MISFORTUNE: Cannadine, Decline, p. 369.

  56 BEAR LONDON: 21 May 1894, in St. Aubyn, Royal George, p. 300.

  57 NOT FOR THEIR: Gore, p. 126.

  58 REACTIONARY … DEFERENCE: A. Ponsonby, The Decline of the Aristocracy, pp. 142–44.

  59 EVERY TIME I: Journal, Sept. 1897, LQV, 3.3, p. 202.

  60 YOU KNOW BY THIS: Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 280.

  61 I KNOW THAT YOU … SUCCESS: Ibid., p. 368.

  62 DO TRY TO: Ibid., p. 279.

  63 HER JEALOUSY: Airlie, p. 107.

  64 WHICH CERTAINLY GIVES: Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 282.

  65 SO MY POOR: Battiscombe, p. 258.

  66 DREADFUL RUSSIAN: Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 52.

  67 SOMETIMES: Gore, p. 129.

  68 A LIFE OF: Brown, p. 29.

  69 SACRIFICED EVERYTHING: Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, pp. 423–24.

  70 KING GEORGE V: F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 279.

  71 NO ONE EVER: Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 292.

  72 JUST A LITTLE BIT: Rose, p. 64.

  73 OFF THE RECORD: Pope-Hennessy, Lonely Business, p. 214.

  74 I DID NOT THINK: G to N, 21 Dec. 1901, GARF 601/1/1219.

  75 PRINCESS MAY WILL: 14 Dec. 1897, Mallet, p. 121.

  76 PRINCESS MAY IS VERY: 3 Aug. 1898, ibid., p. 137.

  77 HARD CRUST OF: Airlie, p. 102.

  78 SHE WAS A DIFFERENT: Pope-Hennessy, Lonely Business, p. 215.

  79 HE RETAINED A … THE SPIRIT: Windsor, A King’s, p. 8.

  80 GET IT OUT: Bradford, p. 38.

  81 REVOLTING … CRY OVER IT: Nicolson, King George, p. 39.

&
nbsp; 82 THE TRAGEDY WAS: Airlie, pp. 112–13.

  83 BATHED IN PERPETUAL: Windsor, A King’s, p. 47.

  84 HE WAS MORE OF: “Prince John: The Windsors’ Tragic Secret,” Channel 4, 17 Nov. 2008.

  85 WAS RELIABLE, BUT: Metternich to Bülow, 23 Feb. 1900, Auswärtiges Amt, Russland No. 82/1/Bd 42, R10661.

  86 REMARKABLE SUCCESS … DISTRICTS: Nicolson, King George, p. 57.

  87 I WISH THAT THE NEWSPAPERS: 6 Jan. 1896, RA VIC/MAIN/Z/500/6.

  88 WE ARE SO ACTIVELY: 5 Nov. 1896, Mallet, p. 95.

  89 SWINE … HALF-WITS: Lincoln, p. 590.

  90 MADE HIM ANGRY: Nicholas II, Journal, p. 141.

  91 HOW THEY ARE MADE: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 758.

  92 HE DOUBTED IF: O’Conor to FO, 24 Jan. 1897, RA VIC/MAIN/H/48/32.

  93 NEVER SET THE RUSSIAN: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 758.

  94 THAT IN GERMANY: Bülow, 1, p. 314.

  95 BRITISH PAPERS HAD CIRCULATIONS: See Lucy Brown, pp. 48–53; see also Alan J. Lee.

  96 FOR THOSE WHO COULD: Roberts, pp. 667–68.

  97 I AM THE SOLE: W to E, 30 Dec. 1901, RA VIC/MAIN/X/37/51.

  98 PUBLIC OPINION: Bülow, 1, p. 314.

  99 PROBABLY IN NO OTHER: Lerman, p. 120.

  100 ALL PARTIES WERE: Rosen, 1, pp. 190–91.

  9 IMPERIAL IMPERATIVES 1898–1901

  1 THE BAD FEELING: QV to V, 18 Aug. 1897, Ramm, p. 206.

  2 SIR THOMAS SANDERSON: Steiner and Neilson, pp. 68–69.

  3 READ MORE MACHIAVELLI: Balfour, The Kaiser, p. 202.

  4 HE IS SO: Craig, pp. 273–74.

  5 NOT LIVE: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 1027.

  6 BALFOUR’S MANNERISM: Tuchman, Proud Tower, p. 227.

  7 THE MOST WISELY: Bülow, 4, p. 625.

  8 REALLY HONEST: Kennedy, The Rise, p. 227.

  9 WITH INDIFFERENCE: Bülow, 4, p. 159.

  10 WE WOULD DEFINITELY: Cecil, Wilhelm, 2, p. 75.

  11 FOR GERMANY: 15 June 1897, ibid., p. 224.

  12 INTERNATIONAL CONSEQUENCES: See Bigge to QV, 14 March 1898, RA VIC/MAIN/I/61/31.

  13 SILLY BOY: Lee, 1, p. 735.

  14 HE WOULD EAT: Warwick, p. 47.

  15 TO GO TO WAR: Balfour, Britain and, p. 239.

  16 THE ONE THAT: Ibid., p. 243.

  17 WORLD-SAVING IDEA: V to W, 31 May 1898, Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 976.

  18 I FOR THE LAST THREE: W to V, 1 June 1898, Holstein, 4, p. 82.

  19 WE MUST HOLD: Kennedy, The Rise, p. 235.

  20 SHAMELESS SCOUNDREL!: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 981.

  21 PRINCESS BEATRICE: 20 July 1898, Eulenburg, 3, no. 1381.

  22 SOMETHING BETWEEN A: W to V, 2 Aug. 1898, LQV, 3.3, pp. 262–63.

  23 HE TOLD THE QUEEN: Salisbury to QV, 1 Aug. 1898, RA VIC/MAIN/I/61/57.

  24 HE NOTED THAT: Lascelles to Knollys, 24 March 1905, RA VIC/MAIN/W/45/146.

  25 HE TOLD PHILIPP ZU EULENBURG: Zedlitz-Trützschler, 10 Oct. 1905, pp. 150–51.

  26 ABOUT GRAND MAMMA AND: Cecil Spring-Rice, quoted in Steinberg, “The Kaiser and the British,” p. 124.

  27 SCANT CONSIDERATION … INSTRUCTIONS: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 983.

  28 THE MOMENT: W to V, 20 Nov. 1898, ibid., p. 985.

  29 I ATTEMPTED … HALF AN HOUR: Lascelles to Salisbury, 21 Dec. 1898, Gooch and Temperley, 1, pp. 102–4.

  30 YOU CANNOT HAVE … HIS SIDE: Bülow quoted, 3 Nov. 1904, Zedlitz-Trützschler, pp. 93, 27.

  31 GRANDMAMA REFUSED TO: Grierson to Bigge, 1 April 1899, RA VIC/MAIN/I/62/9a.

  32 UNIVERSAL PEACE … TO AVERT: Tuchman, Proud Tower, pp. 212–13.

  33 THE GREATEST LIVING: Stead, Aug. 1898, RA VIC/MAIN/H/48/62, see also Tuchman, Proud Tower, p. 230.

  34 NICKY IS QUITE: V to QV, 31 Aug. 1898, Ramm, p. 218.

  35 DODGE … NOR WE: Warwick, p. 138.

  36 IMAGINE!: Tuchman, Proud Tower, p. 224.

  37 EXCHANGING VIEWS: Neilson, p. 118.

  38 WOULD UNDERMINE: Mackenzie Wallace to E, 1903, RA VIC/MAIN/W/44/15.

  39 NO TRIUMPH: Fromkin, p. 41.

  40 HONEST COLLISION: A. J. Mahan, “The Conference and the Moral Aspect of War,” North American Review, Oct. 1899.

  41 EVERY OPPORTUNITY: QV to N, 1 March 1899, GARF 601/1/1194.

  42 TO SET [RUSSIA]: Journal, 17 Feb. 1899, LQV, 3.3, p. 340.

  43 I AM SO HAPPY: N to QV, 13 March 1899, GARF 601/1/1111.

  44 OFFERED TO HELP: See Journal, 28 Oct. 1898, LQV, 3.3, p. 300; see also Scott to Salisbury, 17 Nov. 1898, RA VIC/H/48/63.

  45 ALL THAT RUSSIA: N to QV, 13 March 1899, GARF 601/1/1111.

  46 MOURAVIEFF [SIC] IS A TERRIBLE: Neilson, p. 202.

  47 HIS CONSISTENT: Grierson to Lascelles, 5 May 1899, LQV, 3.3, pp. 357–59.

  48 SLIGHTLY MAD: Grierson to Bigge, 4 May 1899, RA VIC/MAIN/I/62/10a.

  49 I CANNOT HELP: P. Kennedy, The Samoan Tangle, Dublin, Irish University Press, 1984.

  50 THIS WAY OF TREATING … OF CIVILITY: W to QV, 18 May 1899, RA VIC/MAIN/I/62/14.

  51 I DOUBT: QV to W, 12 June 1899, RA VIC/MAIN/I/62/18.

  52 DISENCHANTING EFFECT: See Cecil, Wilhelm, 1, p. 326.

  53 OLD VICTORIA’S: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 998.

  54 PSYCHOLOGICALLY SPEAKING: 21 July 1898, Haller, 2, pp. 61–62.

  55 TO RUN AFTER: Röhl and de Bellaigue, p. 1049.

  56 I AM AN UTTER … ONE’S BACK: Roberts, p. 666.

  57 INCESSANT STORM: RA VIC/MAIN/W/42/16.

  58 UNEQUAL AND UNJUST: N to Minny, 9 [OS]/21 Nov. 1899, Bing, p. 142.

  59 MY DEAR: J. Morris, Pax Britannica, 3, p. 91.

  60 DECLARING THE: 19 Feb. 1900, Mallet, p. 187.

  61 DOWNTRODDEN SERFS: Fraser, p. 177.

  62 IDLE YOUNG MEN: Mallet, p. 184.

  63 PLEASE UNDERSTAND: Weintraub, Victoria, p. 611.

  64 THE BRAVE AND GODLY … POLITENESS: Bülow, 1, pp. 301, 310.

  65 HIS TENACITY: Daily News, 20 Nov. 1899.

  66 A MAN WHOSE: The Times, 20 Nov. 1899.

  67 IN ENGLAND: Bülow, 1, p. 305.

  68 MUSHROOM … SPITEFUL UTTERANCES: Ibid., pp. 319, 305–6, 320.

  69 COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING … SMALL THINGS: Ibid., p. 315.

  70 DO EVERYTHING THAT: Eckhardstein to Hatzfeldt, 31 July 1899, Holstein, 4, p. 146.

  71 HUMBUG: Bertie to Bigge, 28 Nov. 1899, RA VIC/I 62/71.

  72 A FAT MALICIOUS: Bülow, 1, p. 339.

  73 SHOT REMARKABLY: 27 Nov. 1899, RA GV/PRIV/GVD.

  74 FAR-SEEING ENGLISH: Lee, 1, p. 748.

  75 INSTEAD OF THE: W to E, 21 Dec. 1899. RA VIC/MAIN/W/60/26.

  76 TO THANK THE KAISER: E to W, 8 Feb. 1900, Lee, 1, pp. 758–59.

  77 HE PUSHED ME: Townley, pp. 66–77.

  78 THIS CLEARLY SHOWS: W to E, 23 Feb. 1900, RA VIC/MAIN/W/60/89.

  79 MURAVIEV SUGGESTED: Geyer, p. 201.

  80 ATTACK NORTHERN INDIA: See Lee, 1, pp. 563–65.

  81 MURAVIEV SUGGESTED … WILHELM NOW SAID: Ibid., 1, pp. 766–67.

  82 SUNDRY PEOPLES: W to E, 23 Feb. 1900, RA VIC/MAIN/W/60/89.

  83 MY WARNINGS: W to E, 3 March 1900, RA VIC/MAIN/W/60/105.

  84 HE WOULD KEEP: Lascelles to Salisbury, 9 March 1900, RA VIC/MAIN/I/62/83.

  85 FROM A MOST DANGEROUS: W to QV, 31 March 1900, Lee, 1, p. 773.

  86 THERE LINGERS: Salisbury to QV, 10 April 1900, LQV, 3.3, p. 525.

  87 SHOWN PAPERS WHICH: Weintraub, The Importance, p. 379.

  88 HUMILIATE ENGLAND: Daily Telegraph, 27 Oct. 1908.

  89 LACHRYMOSE ABOUT THE: F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 73.

  90 I THINK OF ALL: Bülow, 1, p. 500.

  91 THE PETTICOATS … THE WORLD: Rennell, p. 96.

  92 ORDINARY MAN … AND QUICKLY: Wilhelm II, My Memoirs, p. 99.

  93 HE BEHAVED IN: F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 82.

  94 WILLIAM WAS: E to V, 1 Feb. 1901, St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 314.

  95 SHE LOOKED JUST … DISTRESSING: 20–22 Jan. 1900, RA GV/PRIV/GVD.

  9
6 SOFTLY PASSED AWAY: Wilhelm II, Ereignisse und Gestalten, p. 87.

  97 THE QUEEN WAS EVERYTHING: 9 Jan. 1901, Maylunas, p. 204.

  98 SHE WAS SO REMARKABLY: N to E, 16 [OS]/29 Jan. 1901, GARF 601/1/1131.

  99 THE LYING IS UNPRECEDENTED: Hamilton, March 1901, in Neilson, p. 217.

  100 WE MAY BE: Daily Telegraph, 5 Feb. 1901.

  101 THIS PRESUMPTUOUS: Justice, 2 Feb. 1901.

  102 WE SEEM TO HAVE: 3 Feb. 1901, Henry James, Letters, ed. Edel, Belnap Press, Cambridge, MA, 1987, pp. 328–29.

  103 THE OLD ENGLISH: W to Bülow, 29 Jan. 1901, GP, 17, no. 4987, pp. 24–29.

  104 A SLAP IN THE: Bülow, 1, p. 502.

  105 OH! IF ONLY THE: Kohut, “Kaiser Wilhelm II and His Parents,” p. 85.

  106 THE TWO TEUTONIC … OUR PERMISSION: Kennedy, The Rise, p. 224.

  107 SAFE AND MOTHERED: Weintraub, Victoria, p. 390.

  108 HER DEATH IN: Edel, 3, p. 87.

  109 THE DEAD QUEEN: Waters, p. 63.

  10 THE FOURTH EMPEROR 1901–4

  1 A WORLD WHERE … FEUDAL: Sackville-West, p. 15.

  2 INSINUENDOES: Ettie Desborough to Arthur Balfour, late Feb. 1906, Derv. C1085/10, Desborough papers, Hertford archives and county record office.

  3 AS YOUR ROYAL: Antrim, p. 47.

  4 FOR SOME INTIMATE: Warwick, p. 16.

  5 WHAT WILL THEY: J. Vincent (ed.), The Crawford Papers, 1984, p. 39.

  6 HE HAD THE MOST … INCONVENIENCE: F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, pp. 274, 124.

  7 YOU DON’T: Fisher, p. 5.

  8 LIFE EXPECTANCY (and subsequent figures): “Edwardian Winners and Losers,” BBC4, 16 May 2007.

  9 SOME OF THE VILEST: Wilson, p. 582.

  10 THE SPEECHES WERE WRITTEN: See F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 275.

  11 I FEAR SOMETIMES: G to Bigge, 25 Dec. 1907, Nicolson, King George, p. 65.

  12 THE KING IS NO LONGER … RULES IT: Balfour to E, 6 Feb. 1901, ibid., pp. 67–68.

  13 TIRESOME FUNCTIONS: G to N, 3 Jan. 1902, GARF 601/1/1219.

  14 A STRONG FEELING OF: Nicolson, King George, p. 70.

  15 BARBARIC … THE VULGAR: J. Wilson, p. 349.

  16 “I FEAR,” EDWARD WROTE: E to Lansdowne, 31 Dec. 1902, Lee, 2, p. 280.

  17 HE HAS GOT NOTHING … ATTITUDES: Bülow to FO, 4 Nov. 1901, GP, 18(i), pp. 34–35.

  18 WEAK AS WATER: Tuchman, Proud Tower, p. 230.

  19 THE RUSSIANS HAVE: Lee, 2, p. 279.

  20 SMOOTH MATTERS DOWN: McLean, p. 98.

  21 BE WRAPPED IN THE UNION JACK: Bülow, 1, p. 528, and Pakula, An Uncommon Woman, pp. 597–98.

  22 KING EDWARD: F. Ponsonby, My Recollections, p. 122.