Caffeine Blues_ Wake Up to the Hidden Dangers of America's #1 Drug ( PDFDrive )

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  E. Lynge, A. Anttila, and K. Hemminki, “Organic Solvents and Cancer,”

  Cancer Causes and Control, May 1997;8(3):406–19. (back to text) 3

  R. G. Liteplo, G. W. Long, and M. E. Meek, “Relevance of Carcinogenicity Bioassays in Mice in Assessing Potential Health Risks Associated with Exposute to Methylene Chloride,” Human and Experimental Toxicology, February 1998;17(2):84–87. (back to text)

  4

  H. R. Superko, W. Bortz, Jr., P. T. Williams et al., “Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Effects on Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Apolipoproteins, and Lipase Activity: A Controlled, Randomized Trial,”

  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, September 1991;54(3):599–605. (back to text)

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  H. N. Graham, “Tea: The Plant and Its Manufacture: Chemistry and Consumption of the Beverage,” in G. A. Spiller (ed.), The Methrylxanthine Beverages and Foods: Chemistry, Consumption and Health Effects (New York: Alan R. Liss, 1984), pp. 29–74. (back to text)

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  C. Rice-Evans, “Plant Polyphenols: Free Radical Scavengers or Chainbreaking Antioxidants?” Biochemical Society Symposia, 1995:61:103–16. (back to text)

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  K. Okushio, N. Matsumotot, T. Kohri et al., “Absorption of Tea Catechins into Rat Portal Vein,” Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, February 1996;19(2):326–29. (back to text)

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  Y. Yoshiki, T. Kahara, K. Okuba et al., “Mechanism of Catechin Chemiluminescence in the Presence of Active Oxygen,” Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence, May–June 1996;11(3):131–36. (back to text)

  9

  G. C. Yen and H. Y. Chen, “Relationship between Antimutagenic Activity and Major Components of Various Teas,” Mutagenesis, January 1996;11(1):37–41.

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  A. Constable, N. Varga, J. Richoz et al., “Antimutagenicity and Catechin Content of Soluable Instant Teas,” Mutagenesis, March 1996;11(2):189–94.

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  11

  K. Goto, S. Kanaya, andY. Hara, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tea Science, 314 (Shizuoka, Japan); August 1991. (back to text) 12

  Y. Hara, T. Matsuzaki, andT. Suzuki, Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi, 61;803(1987). (back to text)

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  Y. Sagesaka-Mitane, M. Miwa, and S. Okada, “Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors in Hot Water Extract of Green Tea,” Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, (Tokyo) March 1990;38(3):790–93. (back to text) 14

  H. L. Gensler, B. N. Timmerman, S. Valcic et al., “Prevention of Photocarcinogenesis by Topical Administration of Pure Epigallocatechin Gallate Isolated from Green Tea,” Nutrition and Cancer, 1996;26(3):325–35. (back to text)

  15

  P. Simon, P. Charbonneau, B. Vaucel et al., “Irondeficiency Anemia during Excessive Consumption of Tea,” Nouvelle Presse Medkale, January 10, 1981;10(1):44. (back to text)

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  S. Vimkesant, S. Nakornchai, K. Rungruangsak et al., “Food Habits Causing Thiamine Deficiency in Humans,” Journal of Nutrition Science and Vitaminology, August 1976;22 supplement: 1–2. (back to text) 17

  R. S. Wang and C. Kies, “Niacin, Thiamin, Iron and Protein Status of Humans as Affected by the Consumption of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Infusions,” Plant Foods and Human Nutrition, October 1991;41(4):337–53. (back to text) 18

  K. Imai and K. Nakachi, “Cross Sectional Study of Effect of Drinking Green Tea on Cardiovascular and Liver Diseases,” British Medical Journal, 1995:310:693–96. (back to text)

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  Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk to Humans: Coffee, Tea, Mate, Methlyxanthines, and Methylglyoxal.” International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph, 1991; vol. 51. (back to text)

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  I. Oguni et al., Japanese Journal of Nutrition, 47;31(1989). (back to text) 21

  Y. T. Gao, J. K. McLaughlin, W. J. Blot et al., “Reduced Risk of Esophageal Cancer Associated with Green Tea Consumption,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, June 1, 1994;86(11):855–58. (back to text) 22

  E. Giovannucci, A. Ascherio, E. B. Rimm et al., “Intake of Carotenoids and Retinol in Relation to Risk of Prostate Cancer,” Journal ofthe National Cancer Institute, December 6, 1995;87(23):1767–76. (back to text) 23

  L. Kohlmeier, K. G. Weterings, S. Steck et al., “Tea and Cancer Prevention: An Evaluation of the Epidemiologic Literature,” Nutrition andCancer, 1997;27(1):1–13. (back to text)

  24

  B. D. Page and C. F. Charbonneau, “Headspace Gas Chromatographic Determination of Methylene Chloride in Decaffeinated Tea and Coffee with Electrolytic Conductivity Detection,” Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, July 1984;67(4):757–6l. (back to text) 25

  “EIeutherococcus: Strategy of the Use and New Data,” Research Institute of Biological Testing of Chemical Compounds. Academy of Medical-Sciences, Moscow, 1987. (back to text)

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  H. J. Meyer, “Pharmacology of Kava,” in Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs, D. H. Efron et al. (eds.), Public Health Service Publication no. 1645. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967, 133–40.

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  27

  A. von Gadow, E. Joubert, and C. F. Hansmann, “Comparison of the Antioxidant Activity of Rooibos Tea with Green, Oolong and Black Tea,” Food Chemistry, 1997;vol. 60:(1)73–77. (back to text)

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  C. Rabe, J. A. Steenkamp, E. Joubert et al., “Phenolic Metabolites from Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus linearis)” Phytochemistry, 1994; vol. 35:(6):1559–65.

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  29

  E. Joubert and D. Ferrera, “Antioxidants of Rooibos Tea—A Possible Explanation for Its Health Promoting Properties?” South African Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 1996:8:79–83. (back to text)

  30

  S. Stellman and L. Garfinkel, “Short Report: Artificial Sweetener Use and Weight Changes among Women,” Prevention Medicine, 1986:15:195–202.

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  Chapter 10

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  H. Jaggy and E. Koch, “Chemistry and Biology of Alkylphenols From Ginkgo biloba L.” Pharmazie, Octobet 1997;52(10):735–38. (back to text) 2

  J. Haase, P. Halama, and R. Horr, “Effectiveness of Brief Infusions with Ginkgo biloba Special Extract EGb 761 in Dementia of the Vascular and Alzheimer Type,” Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie and Geriatrie, July 1996;29: (4):302–09. (back to text)

  3

  M. V. R. Apparao, K. Srinivasan, and R. T. L. Koteswara, “The Effect of Centella asiatica on the General Mental Ability of Mentally Retarded Children,”

  Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 1977:19:54–59. (back to text) 4

  K. Nalini et al., “Effect of Centella asiatica Fresh Leaf Aqueous Extract on Learning and Memory and Biogenic Amine Turnover in Albino Rats,”

  Phytotherapia, 1992;63(3):232–37. (back to text)

  5

  “Caffeine Can Increase Brain Serotonin Levels,” Nutrition Reviews, October 1988;46(10):366–67. (back to text)

  6

  S. Foster, “Milk Thistle, Silybum marianum,” Botanical series no. 305, American Botanical Council, Austin, Texas, 1991. (back to text) 7

  G. Palasciano et al., “The Effect of Silymarin on Plasma Levels of Malondialdehyde in Patients Receiving Long Term Treatment with Psychotropic Drugs,” Current Therapeutic Research, May 1994;55(5):537–45. (back to text) 8

  G. P. Littatru, S. Lippa, A. Oradei et al., “Coenzyme Q10: Blood Levels and Metabolic Demand,” International Journal of Tissue Reactions, 1990;12(3):145–48. (back to text)

  9

  S. Fujimoto, N. Kurihara, K. Hirata et al., “Effects of Coenzyme Q10

  Administration on Pulmonary Function and Exercise Performance in Patients with Chronic Lung Diseases,” Clinical Investigation, 1993;71(8

  supplement):S162–S166. (back to text)

  10

  W. J. Koroshetz, B. G. Jenkins, B. R. Rosen et al., “Energy Metabolism


  Defects in Huntingtons Disease and Effects of Coenzyme Q10,” Annals of Neurology, February 1997;41(2):160–65. (back to text)

  11

  R. Lodi, R. Rinaldi, A. Gaddi et al., “Brain and Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetic Failure in Familial Hypobetalipoproteinaemia,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, June 1997;62(6):574–80. (back to text) 12

  M. Mizuno, B. Quistorff, H. Theorell et al., “Effects of Oral Supplementation of Coenzyme Q10 on 31P-NMR Detected Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism in Middle-aged Post-polio Subjects and Normal Volunteers,” Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1997;18 supplement:S291–S298. (back to text) 13

  M. Kamei and T. Fujita et al., “The Distribution and Content of Ubiquinone in Foods,” International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 1986;56:57.

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  14

  G. Lenaz, R. Fato, G. Castelluccio et al., “An Updating of the Biochemical Function of Coenzyme Q in Mitochondria,” Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1994,15 supplement:S29–S36. (back to text)

  15

  D. A. Porter, D. L. Costill, J. J. Zachwieja et al., “The Effect of Oral Coenzyme Q10 on the Exercise Tolerance of Middle-aged, Untrained Men,”

  International Journal of Sports Medicine, October 1995;16(7):421–27. (back to text)

  16

  J. Karlsson, L. Lin, C. Sylven et al., “Muscle Ubiquinone in Healthy Physically Active Males,” Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, March 23, 1996;156(2):169–72. (back to text)

  17

  C. Marconi, G. Sassi, and P. Cerretelli, “The Effect of an AlphaKetoglutarate-Pyridoxine Complex on Human Maximal Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance,” European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1982;49(3):307–17.

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  18

  A. L. Goldberg and T. W. Chang, “Regulation and Significance of Amino Acid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle,” Federation Proceedings, 1978;37:2301–07. (back to text)

  19

  R. P. Shank and D. J. Bennett, “2-Oxoglutarate Transport: A Potential Mechanism for Regulating Glutamate and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates in Neurons,” Neurochemical Research, April 1993;18(4):401–10.

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  20

  G. E. Karandashova, E. M. Kruptiskii, V. N. Petrov et al., “Study of Gammaaminohutyric Acid (GABA) Concentration in Blood Plasma of Alcoholism Patients,” Voprosy Meditsinskoi Khimii, March–April 1993;39(2):36–37. (back to text)

  21

  A. E. Morgan and S. L. Dewey, “Effects of Pharmacologic Increases in Brain GABA Levels on Cocaine-induced Changes in Extracellular Dopamine,”

  Synapse, January 1998;28(1):60–65. (back to text)

  22

  T. Kaneko and N. Mizuno, “Glutamate-synthesizing Enzymes in GABAergic Neurons of the Neocortex, A Double Immunofluorescence Study in the Rat,”

  Neuroscience, August 1994;61(4):839–49. (back to text)

  23

  C. Marconi, “The Effect of an AlphaKetoglutarate-Pyridoxine Complex.”

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  24

  M. H. Williams, “Vitamin Supplementation and Athletic Performance,”

  International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 1989;30:163–91.

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  25

  B. Chrisley and J. Driskell, “Vitamin B-6 Status of Adults in Virginia,”

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  H. Gutherie and A Crocetti, “Implications of a Protein-based Standard for Vitamin B-6,” 1983;28:133–38. (back to text)

  27

  A. Stewart, “Clinical and Biochemical Effects of Nutritional Supplementation on the Premenstrual Syndrome,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 1987;32(6):345–41. (back to text)

  28

  R. L. Rizek and K. S. Tippett, “Diets of American Women: 1977 & 1985,”

  Bulletin of the Michigan Dental Hygiene Association, 1989;19(2):3–6. (back to text)

  29

  K. Suboticanec et al., “Effects of Pyridoxine and Riboflavin Supplementation on Physical Fitness in Young Adolescents,” International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 1990;60(10):81–88. (back to text) 30

  W. Bunker, M. M. Lawson et al., “The Uptake and Excretion of Chromium by the Elderly,” American Journal of ‘Clinical Nutrition, 1984;39:799–802. (back to text)

  31

  P. Koivistoinen, “Mineral Element Composition of Finnish Foods,” Ada Agricultura Scandinavica, 1980; supplement, 22. (back to text)

  32

  R. A. Anderson and A. S. Kozlovsky, “Chromium Intake, Absorption and Excretion of Subjects Consuming Self-selected Diets,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1984;41:1177–83. (back to text)

  33

  R. Riales and M. J. Albrink, “Effect of Chromium Chloride Supplementation on Glucose Toletance and Serum Lipids Including High Density Lipoprotein of Adult men,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1981;34:2670–78. (back to text)

  34

  R. A. Anderson, M. M. Polansky et al., “Chromium Supplementation of Human Subjects: Effects on Glucose, Insulin and Lipid Parameters,”

  Metabolism, 1983;32:894–99. (back to text)

  35

  R. A. Anderson, M. M. Polansky et al., “Effects of Supplemental Chromium on Patients with Reactive Hypoglycemia,” Metabolism, 1987;36:351–55. (back to text)

  36

  W. H. Glinsmann and W. Mertz, “Effect ofTrivalent Chromium on Glucose Tolerance,” Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 1966;15:510. (back to text) 37

  R. A. Anderson, M. M. Polansky et al., “Effects of Chromium Supplementation on Insulin, Insulin Binding and C-peptide Values of Hypoglycemic Human Subjects,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1985;41:841. (back to text)

  38

  J. Clausen, “Chromium Induced Clinical Improvement in Symptomatic Hypoglycemia,” Biological Trace Element Research, 1988;17:229–36. (back to text)

  39

  J. T. Hicks, “Treatment of Fatigue in General Practice: A Double Blind Study,” Clinical Medicine, 1964;71:85–90. (back to text) 40

  D. L. Shaw et al., “Management of Fatigue, A Physiological Approach,”

  American Journal of Medical Science, 1962;243:98–109, 758–69. (back to text) 41

  I. Franz and H. Paradies, “Potassium-magnesium Aspartate as a Positive Homotropic Effector,” Arzneim Forsch, 1979;29:1676–80. (back to text) 42

  V. Tyler, The Honest Herbal, 3rd ed. (New York: Pharmaceutical Product Press, 1993), p. 155. (back to text)

  43

  I. Wiklund, J. Karlberg, and B. Lund, “Improved Quality of Life with Ginseng Preparations? Positive Effects in Healthy Working People,” Lakartidningen, September 6, 1995;92(36):3196–3200. (back to text)

  44

  K. A. Wesnes, R. A. Faleni, N. R. Hefting et al., “The Cognitive, Subjective, and Physical Effects of a Ginkgo bibbalVunax Ginseng Combination in Healthy Volunteers with Neurasthenic Complaints,” Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1997;33(4):677–83. (back to text)

  45

  T. K. Yun and S. Y. Choi, “Preventive Effect of Ginseng Intake Against Various Human Cancers: A Case-control Study on 1987 Pairs,” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, June 1995;4(4):401–08. (back to text)

  46

  X. Chen, S. Salwinski, and T. J. Lee, “Extracts of Ginkgo biloba and Ginsenosides Exert Cerebral Vasorelaxation via a Nitric Oxide Pathway,”

  Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, December 1997;24(12):958–59. (back to text)

  47

  Eleutherococcus: Strategy of the Use and New Data, Research Institute of Biological Testing of Chemical Compounds, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 1987. (back to text)

  48

  Pharmacology and Application of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Medicinal Material Research Center, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984.

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  49

  Y. Y. Cui and M. Z. Wang, “Aspects of Sc
hizandrin Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo,” European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, April–June 1993;18(2):155–60. (back to text)

  50

  L. Zhang and X. Niu, “Effects of Schizandrol A on Monoamine Neurotransmicters in the Central Nervous System,” Acta Academiae Medkinae Sinicae, February 1991;13(1):13–16. (back to text)

  51

  P. Laukkanen, E. Heikkinen, M. Schroll et al., “A Comparative Study of Factors Related to Carrying Out Physical Activities of Daily Living (PADL) among 75-Year-Old-Men and Women in Two Nordic Localities,” Aging, August 1997;9(4):258–67. (back to text)

  52

  M. P. van Boxtel, F. G. Paas, P. J. Houx et al., “Aerobic Capacity and Cognitive Performance in a Cross-sectional Aging Study,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, October 1997;29(10):1357–65. (back to text) 53

  M. S. Albert, K. Jones, G. R. Savage et al., “Predictors of Cognitive Change in Older Persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging,” Psychology and

  Aging, December 1995;10(4):578–89. (back to text)

  54

  R. Manber, R. R. Bootzin, C. Acebo et al., “The Effects of Regularizing Sleep-wake Schedules on Daytime Sleepiness,” Sleep, June 1996;19(5):432–41.