1913
Page 55
6C. Knick Harley, ‘The World Food Economy and Pre-World War I Argentina’, in S. N. Broadberry and N. F. R. Crafts, Britain in the International Economy, 1992
7Buenos Aires Herald, 6 February 1913
8Op. cit., Martinez
9Quoted in op. cit., Martinez
10Op. cit., Lloyd
11Buenos Aires Herald, 13 November 1913
12Ibid.
13Op. cit., Clemenceau
14Op. cit., Lloyd
15The Standard (Buenos Aires), 4 December 1913
16Ibid.
17Buenos Aires Herald, 25 December 1913
18Buenos Aires Herald, 12 September 1913; John Fraser, ‘The Diaghilev Ballet in South America: Footnotes to Nijinsky, Part One’, Dance Chronicle, vol. 5, no. 1, 1982
19Quoted in op. cit., Fraser
20Buenos Aires Herald, 5 October 1913
21Op. cit., Díaz Alejandro
22The English Address Book of British and North American Residents, Business Houses, Institutions, etc. – Argentine Republic, 1913
23Buenos Aires Herald, 8 May 1913
24Buenos Aires Herald, 12 February 1913
25Buenos Aires Herald, 24 May 1913
26Leandro Losada, ‘Sociabilidad, distinción y alta sociedad en Buenos Aires: Los clubes sociales de la elite porteña (1880–1930)’, Desarrollo Económico, vol. 45, no. 180, 2006
27James R. Scobie, ‘Buenos Aires as a Commercial-Bureaucratic City, 1880–1910: Characteristics of a City’s Orientation’, The American Historical Review, vol. 77, no. 4, 1972
28Buenos Aires Herald, 31 January 1913
29Standard (Buenos Aires), 6 February 1913
30Op. cit., Clemenceau
31J. P. Daughton, ‘When Argentina was “French”: Rethinking Cultural Politics and European Imperialism in Belle-Époque Buenos Aires’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 80, no. 4, 2008; Buenos Aires Herald, 8 February 1913
32Buenos Aires Herald, 28 January 1913
33Op. cit., Clemenceau
34Ibid.
35Op. cit., Daughton
36Luis Tosoni, ‘Gaetano Moretti et su obsesión americana’, lecture given to the Instituto de Arte Americano e Investigaciones Estéticas, Buenos Aires, 26 September 2008
37Op. cit., Clemenceau
38Buenos Aires Herald, 6 March 1913
39Op. cit., Lloyd
40Buenos Aires Herald, 3 October 1913
41Buenos Aires Herald, 13 April 1913
42John Foster Fraser, The Amazing Argentine: A New Land of Enterprise, 1914
43C. Reginald Enock, The Republics of Central and South America: Their Resources, Industries, Sociology and Future, 1913
44Ibid.
45Ibid.
46Buenos Aires Herald, 5 October 1913
47Buenos Aires Herald, 10 October 1913
Algiers
1John Ruedy, Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation, 2005
2L’Afrique française, January 1913
3Jean-Jacques Jordi and Jean-Louis Planche, ‘1860–1930: une certaine idée de la construction de la France’, in Jean-Jacques Jordi and Jean-Louis Planche, Alger 1860–1939: Le modèle ambigu du triomphe colonial, 1999
4Jean-Jacques Jordi and Pierre Enckell, ‘Le temps des hiverneurs’, in op. cit., Jordi and Planche
5Gilbert Meynier, L’Algérie révélée: La guerre du 1914–1918 et le premier quart du XXe siècle, 1981
6Quoted in op. cit., Meynier
7Rachel Humphreys, Algiers, the Sahara and the Nile, 1913
8Ibid.
9Guides Joanne, Algérie et Tunisie, 1905
10Ibid.
11Op. cit., Humphreys
12Karl Baedeker, The Mediterranean: Seaports and Sea Routes, including Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Coast of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, 1911
13Quoted in Ursula Kingsmill Hart, Two Ladies of Colonial Algeria: The Lives and Times of Aurelie Picard and Isabelle Eberhardt, 1987
14Xavier Malverti, ‘Entre orientalisme et mouvement moderne’, in op. cit., Jordi and Planche
15Op. cit., Meynier
16Kirsty K. Riggs, ‘Bartok in the Desert: Challenges to a European Conducting Research in North Africa in the Early Twentieth Century’, Musical Quarterly, vol. 90, no. 1, 2007
17Quoted in op. cit., Meynier
18André Servier, Le Nationalisme Musulman en Egypte, en Tunisie, en Algérie: Le Péril de l’avenir, 1913
19Op. cit., Meynier
20Ibid.
21Ibid.
22Ibid.
23Op. cit., Ruedy
24Rosa Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capital, 2003 (first published as Die Akkumulation des Kapitals in 1913)
25Chérif Benhabylès, L’Algérie française vue par un indigène, 1914
26Belkacem Saadallah, ‘The Rise of the Algerian Elite, 1900–1914’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, 1967
27Ahmed Koulakssis and Gilbert Meynier, L’Emir Khaled, Premier za’îm?: Identité algérienne et colonialisme français, 1987
28Op. cit., Benhabylès
29Ibid.
Bombay–Durban
1Attempt upon the Life of His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor General, on the occasion of the State Entry into Delhi, 23rd December 1912, India Office archives, L/PJ/6/1216, file 183
2Ibid.
3Quoted in Thomas R. Metcalf, An Imperial Vision: Indian Architecture and Britain’s Raj, 1989
4Lawrence James, The Making and Unmaking of British India, 1997
5Gordon Johnson, Provincial politics and Indian nationalism: Bombay and the Indian National Congress, 1973
6Quoted in op. cit., James
7Report of the 28th INC, Karachi, December 1913, India Office archives, L/PJ/6/1341, file 5311
8William Wilson Hunter, A History of British India, two volumes, 1899, vol. 1
9Rao Bahadur P.B. Joshi, Empire-Day and Our Duties and Responsibilities, 1913
10Ibid.
11Quoted in Dennis Judd, The Lion and the Tiger: The Rise and Fall of the British Raj, 1600–1947, 2004
12D. K. Fieldhouse, ‘The Metropolitan Economics of Empire’, in Judith M. Brown and William Roger Louis, eds, The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century, 1999
13W. R. S. Sharpe, Bombay: The Gateway of India, 1930
14S. M. Rutnagur, ed., Electricity in India: Being a History of the Tata Hydro-Electric Project, with notes on the mill industry and the progress of electric drive in Indian factories, 1912
15The Indian Witness (Calcutta), quoted in ibid.
16Ibid.
17Prashant Kidambi, The Making of an Indian Metropolis: Colonial Governance and Public Culture in Bombay, 1890–1920, 2007
18Suresh Chabria, ed., Light of Asia: Indian Silent Cinema, 1912–1934, 1994
19Rudyard Kipling, The Seven Seas, 1896
20Bojidar Karageorgevitch, Enchanted India, 1899 (first published in French)
21Count Hans von Koenigsmarck, A German Staff Officer in India: Being the Impressions of an Officer of the German General Staff of his Travels through the Peninsula, trans. P. H. Oakley Williams, 1909
22Ibid.
23S. M. Edwardes, By-Ways of Bombay, 1912
24Op. cit., Kidambi
25Ibid.
26Ibid.; op. cit., Edwardes
27Quoted in R. P. Karkaria, ed., The Charm of Bombay: An Anthology of Writings in Praise of the First City in India, 1915
28Ibid.
29Quoted in S. B. Upadhyay, Dissension and Unity: The Origins of Workers’ Solidarity in the Cotton Mills of Bombay, 1875–1918, 1990
30Op. cit., Koenigsmarck
31Thacker’s Bombay Directory, 1913
32Christopher W. London, ‘Edwardian Architects of Bombay: George Wittet and John Begg’, in C. London, ed., Architecture in Victorian and Edwardian India, 1994
33Rachel Humphreys, Travels East of Suez, 1915
34J. A. Spender, The Indian Scene, 1912
35Ibid.
36Ibid.
/>
37Preeti Chopra, A Joint Enterprise: Indian Elites and the Making of British Bombay, 2011
38Honourable Mr G. K. Gokhale’s Visit to South Africa, special edition of Indian Opinion, 1912
39Quoted in Sugata Bose, A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the age of global empire, 2006
40South Africa Act, 1909
41South African Census, 1911
42John Lambert, ‘“The Last Outpost”: The Natalians, South Africa, and the British Empire’, in Robert Bickers, ed., Settlers and Expatriates: Britons over the Seas, 2010
43Maureen Swan, ‘The 1913 Natal Indian Strike’, Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 1984
44Goolam Vahed, ‘Passengers, Partnerships and Promissory Notes: Gujurati Traders in Colonial Natal, 1870–1920’, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, vol. 38, no. 3, 2005
45Robert A. Huttenback, ‘Indians in South Africa, 1860–1914: The British Philosophy on Trial’, The English Historical Review, vol. 81, no. 319, 1966
46Quoted in Ronald Hyam, ‘African Interests and the South Africa Act, 1908–1910’, in Peter Henshaw, ed., The Lion and the Springbok: Britain and South Africa since the Boer War, 2003
47Quoted in Natal Mercury, 11 April 1913
48Indian Opinion, 8 February 1913
49Natal Mercury, 14 February 1913
50Ibid.
51Indian Opinion, 8 October 1913
52Natal Mercury, 9 May 1913
53Ibid.
54Natal Mercury, 20 June 1913
55Natal Mercury, 7 October 1913
56Indian Opinion, 13 November 1913
57Natal Mercury, 28 October 1913
58Indian Opinion, 10 December 1913
59The Economist, 6 December 1913
60Solomon Tshekisko Plaatje, Native Life in South Africa before and since the European War and the Boer Rebellion, 1916
61Quoted in Martin Meredith, Diamonds, Gold and War: The Making of South Africa, 2007
62Harvey M. Feinberg, ‘The 1913 Natives Land Act in South Africa: Politics, Race, and Segregation in the Early 20th Century’, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, vol. 26, no. 1, 1993
63Ibid.
64A National Symposium: Essays on South African Subjects by South African Writers (pamphlet of articles originally published in the Natal Mercury in November 1912)
65Ibid.
66Ibid.
67Natal Mercury, 6 June 1913
68Natal Mercury, 18 July 1913
69Ibid.
70Op. cit., Plaatje
Tehran
1Hansard, 28 July 1913
2R. Jarman, ed., Iran: Political Diaries, 1881–1965, vol. 3, 1997, May 12 1913
3Op. cit., Jarman (1997), July 8 1913
4Dorothy de Warzée, Peeps into Persia, 1913
5Ibid.
6Ibid.
7George Nathaniel Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question, 1892
8Military Handbooks of Arabia, 1913–1917, vol. 1: Strategical Study of Persia and the Persian Gulf, 1913, 1998
9Ervand Abrahamian, A History of Modern Iran, 2008
10Taj al-Saltanah, Crowning Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity, 1884–1936, Abbas Amanat, ed., trans. Anna Vanzan and Amin Neshati, 1993
11Collier’s Weekly, 2 August 1913
12Ibid.
13W. Morgan Shuster, The Strangling of Persia: Story of the European Diplomacy and Oriental Intrigue That Resulted in the Denationalization of Twelve Million Mohammadans, A Personal Narrative, 1912
14Op. cit., Curzon
15Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet, Frontier Fictions: Shaping the Iranian Nation, 1804–1946, 2000
16Michael Axworthy, Iran: Empire of the Mind: A History from Zoroaster to the Present Day, 2008
17Quoted in op. cit., Kashani-Sabet
18Ibid.
19Op. cit., Shuster
20Percy Sykes, A History of Persia, vol. 2, 1930
21Ibid.
22Op. cit., Jarman (1997), 23 December 1913
23Marian Kent, Moguls and Mandarins: Oil, Imperialism and the Middle East in British Foreign Policy, 1900–1940, 1993
24The Economist, 26 July 1913
25Hansard, 17 July 1913
26Denis Wright, The Persians Amongst the English: Episodes in Anglo-Persian History, 1985; Ronald W. Ferrier, The History of the British Petroleum Company, 1982
Jerusalem
1Israel State Archives (ISA), German consular note, 443/7, December 1913
2Roberto Mazza, Jerusalem: From the Ottomans to the British, 2009
3Ibid.
4Simon Sebag Montefiore, Jerusalem: The Biography, 2011
5Quoted in ‘Selma Ekrem – Jerusalem 1908: In the Household of the Ottoman Governor’, Jerusalem Quarterly 50, 2012 (extracts taken from Selma Ekrem’s memoirs printed in Turkey in 1931)
6Ibid.
7Ibid.
8Salim Tamari, ‘Jerusalem’s Ottoman Modernity: The Times and Lives of Wasif Jawhariyyeh’, Jerusalem Quarterly 9, 2000
9Wasif Jawhariyyeh, Al Quds Al Othaminyah Fi Al Mutbakrat Al Jawhariyyeh, Issam Nassar and Salim Tamari, eds, 2001
10Salim Tamari, ‘The Vagabond Café and Jerusalem’s Prince of Idleness’, Jerusalem Quarterly 19, 2003
11Abigail Jacobson, ‘Alternative Voices in Late Ottoman Palestine: A Historical Note’, Jerusalem Quarterly 21, 2004
12Op. cit., Tamari (2000)
13Op. cit., Jawhariyyeh
14Op. cit., Sebag Montefiore
15Stephen Graham, With the Russian Pilgrims to Jerusalem, 1913
16Ibid.
17Ibid.
18Ibid.
19Helga Dudman and Ruth Kark, The American Colony: Scenes from a Jerusalem Saga, 1998
20Bertha Spafford Vester, Our Jerusalem: An American Family in the Holy City, 1881–1949, 1951
21Op. cit., Dudman and Kark
22Ibid.
23Sufian Abu Zaida, ‘‘‘A Miserable Provincial Town”: The Zionist Approach to Jerusalem from 1897–1937’, Jerusalem Quarterly 32, 2007
24Amy Dockser Marcus, Jerusalem 1913: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2007
25Ibid.
26Central Zionist Archive (CZA), L2/27
27CZA, L2/26/3
28Ibid.
29Quoted in Neville J. Mandel, The Arabs and Zionism before World War I, 1976
30Ibid.
31Op. cit., Jacobson
32CZA, L2/26/3, letter dated 26 January 1913
33Ibid.
34Op. cit., Dockser Marcus
35CZA, L2/26/3
36Ibid.
37Quoted in op. cit., Mandel
38Mendel Beilis, The Story of My Sufferings, trans. Harrison Goldberg, 1926
39Ibid.
40ISA 415/10, German consular note, February 1914
41Theodor Herzl, The Diaries of Theodor Herzl, Martin Lowenthal, ed., 1978
IV Twilight Powers
1The New York Times, 18 May 1898; Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
2Ibid.
3Elizabeth Kendall, A Wayfarer in China, 1913
4Erik J. Zürcher, The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building, 2010
5Le Petit Journal, 16 January 1898
6Anon., China as it Really Is, 1912
7Marius B. Jansen, The Making of Modern Japan, 2002
8Quoted in ibid.
9Quoted in Carol Gluck, Japan’s Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period, 1985
10Peter H. Hoffenberg, An Empire on Display: English, Indian, and Australian Exhibitions from the Crystal Palace to the Great War, 2001
Constantinople
1Quoted in Ebru Boyar and Kate Fleet, A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul, 2010
2Hermann Barth, Constantinople, 1906 (French version; original German published in 1901)
3H. G. Dwight, Constantinople Old and New, 1915
4Ibid.
5Stanford J. Shaw, ‘The Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831–1914’, Internationa
l Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 9, no. 3, 1978; Servet Mutlu, ‘Late Ottoman Population and its Ethnic Distribution’, Turkish Journal of Population Studies, no. 25, 2003; Philip Mansel, Constantinople: City of the World’s Desire, 1453–1923, 1995
6Mary Poynter, When Turkey was Turkey, 1921
7Op. cit., Dwight
8Ibid.
9Levant Herald and Eastern Express, 2 January 1913
10Op. cit., Shaw
11Edmondo de Amicis, Constantinople, trans. Maria Horner, 1896 (originally published in Italian in 1877)
12Zeynep Çelik, The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, 1986
13Feroz Ahmad, The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908–1914, 1969
14Zürcher, The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building
15Renée Worringer, ‘“Sick man of Europe” or “Japan of the Near East?”: Constructing Ottoman Modernity in the Hamidian and Young Turk Eras’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 36, no. 2, 2004
16Op. cit., Poynter
17Ibid.
18Op. cit., Ahmad
19Op. cit., Poynter
20Ibid.
21Ibid.
22Op. cit., Mansel
23Francis McCullagh, The Fall of Abd-Ul-Hamid, 1910
24Op. cit., Ahmad
25G. F. Abbott, Turkey in Transition, 1909
26Op. cit., Zürcher
27Op. cit., Poynter
28Op. cit., Mansel
29Op. cit., Abbott
30Robert Hichens, The Near East, 1913
31Ibid.
32Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett, With the Turks in Thrace, 1913
33Henry Morgenthau, United States Diplomacy on the Bosphorus: The Diaries of Ambassador Morgenthau 1913–1916, compiled by Ara Sarafian, 2004
34This and following from advertisements in the Levant Herald and Eastern Express, 6 and 9 January 1913
35Op. cit., Boyar and Fleet
36Andrew Mango, Atatürk, 1999
37Karl Baedeker, Konstantinopel und das Westliche Kleinasien, 1905
38Op. cit., Hichens
39Op. cit., Dwight
40Op. cit., Abbott
41Quoted in op. cit., Boyar and Fleet
42Ibid.
43Ibid.
44Zeyneb Hanoum, A Turkish Woman’s European Impressions, 1913
45Ibid.
46Alexander van Millingen, Constantinople, 1906
47Ibid.
48Ibid.
49Ibid.
50Nicola Guy, The Birth of Albania: Ethnic Nationalism, the Great Powers of World War I and the Emergence of Albanian Independence, 2012