1913
Page 60
Parra, Felix, 208
Pascoli, Giovanni, 80
Pasternak, Boris, 456
Patten, Simon Nelson, 190
Pavlova, Anna, 18–19
Peabody, Charles, 221
Péguy, Charles, 58
Peking, 387; and 1911 revolution, 409–10; Boxer Rebellion in, 384–6, 388–9; Grand Hôtel des Wagons Lits, 394–5; imperial sites, 381–3, 388–9; overview, 381–9
Permanent Court of Arbitration, 5
Perry, Commodore Matthew, 354
Persia: attitude to empire, 227; ethnic and religious diversity, 314–15; foreign involvement, 310, 317; and globalisation, 227; history and politics, 309, 310–11, 315–21; landscape and geography, 312–13; lifestyle, 313–14; majlis, 318, 319; oil, 321–4; strategic importance, 309–10, 317, 324; transport, 313; see also Tehran
Peter I, the Great, Tsar, 117, 118
Petit, Jehangir Bomanji, 292
Philippines, 140–1
Picasso, Pablo, 9, 53
Pischari, Ernest, 58
Pius IX, Pope, 83–4
Pius X, Pope, 41, 83
Plaatje, Solomon Tshekisho, 304–5, 308
Podbielski, General Victor von, 64
Poincaré, Henri, 43
Poincaré, Raymond: and Algeria, 269, 278; attitude to Germany and war, 38, 39, 57; on French decadence, 55; and national unity, 41; state visit to Britain, 20, 33–5
Poland and Poles, 92, 453
polo, 258
Port Arthur, 355
Portugal, 3
postal services, 139
Powell, Ellis, 26
Poynter, Mary, 361, 365–6, 367, 368–9, 376, 377
Princeton University, 157
Prokofiev, Sergey: European trip, 6, 19–20, 51–2, 60; investments, 128; and Romanov tercentenary, 114
Proust, Marcel, 55
psychoanalysis, 102
Puccini, Giacomo, 48, 169
Putnik, General Radomir, 7
Puyi, Chinese Emperor, 393, 401, 410
Qingdao, 451
race issues: aboriginal peoples in Australia and Canada, 248–51; Algeria, 267, 273–9; beginning of end of Europe’s predominance, 453–4; brain weight and racial superiority, 430; and British Empire, 434; Mexico, 212; ‘negro makeup outfit’, 191; race war, 387; racial and civilisation superiority theories, 228–9; segregation in Shanghai, 399–400; South Africa, 296, 298–308; USA, 150–3, 154, 156–60, 182, 220; Western attitude to Japanese, 426–8
ragtime, 33
railways: Argentina, 252, 253, 257; Britain, 24; China, 394; France, 47; India, 286, 287, 288–9; Mexico, 207; Ottoman Empire, 351, 374; USA, 139, 184, 198
Raja Harischandra (film), 288
Ramadan, 360
Ramona (novel and film), 203–4, 208
Ramunajaswami, N., 20–2, 31, 43
Ranke, Leopold von, xii
Rasim, Ahmed, 372
Rasputin, Grigori, 126, 332
Rastrelli, Francesco Bartolomeo, 118
Rathenau, Walter, 62, 68, 69
Ravel, Maurice, 8
Réau, Louis, 118
Redl, Alfred, 106–9
Redmond, John, 438
Redon, Eugène de, 273
Redpath, Lionel V., 195–6
Reeves, Maud Pember, 31–2
Rehovot, 340–1
Reinsch, Paul, 402–3
religion: Austro-Hungarian Empire, 90; church–state relations in Rome, 83–4; festivals in Constantinople, 360–2; Jerusalem as holy city, 326–7, 331–5, 343–4; Muslim–Hindu relations in India, 286, 291; Persia, 315; Protestant–Catholic tensions in British Empire and Ireland, 248, 437–40; see also Hinduism; Islam; Jews
Renan, Ernest, 391
Reuter, Baron Paul Julius de, 317
Reyes, Bernardo, 213
Richet, Charles, 56
Riel, Louis, 250
Robinson, Anne, 266
Robinson, B. Atwood, 407
Rockefeller, John D., 177
Rockefeller, John D. Jr, 162
Rodin, Auguste, 171
Rodzianko, Michael, 113
Rohmer, Sax, 353
Rolland, Romain, 10
Rome: church–state conflict, 83–4; development, 82–3; Italian attitude to, 84–5; overview, 81–5; population, 82; Vittorio Emanuele’s statue, 83
Rook, Clarence, 447
Roosevelt, Theodore: Argentina visit, 254–5; and imperialism, 140; meets British delegation, 221; on modern art, 170–1; on Morgan, 177–8; presidential campaign against Wilson, 141–2, 144; on Zangwill, 174
Ross, Edward Alsworth, 176
rowing, 258
Royal Dutch Shell, 323
Ruppin, Arthur, 337, 338, 339–40, 341
Russia: 1917 revolution and civil war, 453, 456; armed forces, 116; attitude to Balkan War, 378; attitude to Constantinople, 359; cars, 190; Duma, 125; empire’s size, population and diversity, 114–16; and First World War, 450–1; French investment, 42; importance as world power, 350; influence in Persia, 310, 312, 314, 316, 317, 319, 320; Jews in, 116, 124, 126–7, 174; likelihood of revolution, 121–7; pan-Slavism, 13; political system, 112, 116, 124–7; quest for territorial expansion, 227; relations with Austria-Hungary, 88, 107–9; relations with Britain, 115; relations with China, 352, 386, 394, 397, 406, 408; relations with Germany, 120, 128; relations with Ottomans, 115; Romanov tercentenary, 110–14, 123; Russian facilities in Jerusalem, 332; Russian visitors to Berlin, 59; territory taken from China, 351–2; trade and industry, 28, 119–20; see also St Petersburg
Russo-Japanese War (1905), 115, 226, 355, 424
Sacconi, Giuseppe, 83
Sáenz Peña, Roque, 263
Saint-Gaudens, Louis, 145
St Joachimsthal (Jáchymov), 6
St Moritz, 6
St Petersburg, 123; 1917 revolution, 453; architecture and layout, 117–19; Astoria Hotel, 128; cinemas, 129; German Embassy, 128; history and development, 117; international feel, 127; Nevsky Prospect and its buildings, 127–8; overview, 116–19, 127–30; population, 119; poverty in, 130; Romanov tercentenary celebrations, 111–14, 123; transport, 129
Saint-Saëns, Camille, 10
Salisbury, Lord, 349–50
Salonica, 365, 376, 379
San Francisco, 198, 202
Sanjiro Ichimura, 427
satyagraha, 301–3
Saverne affair see Zabern affair
Scallion, James, 238
Scheffler, Karl, 69–70, 71
Schiele, Egon, 103
Schliemann, Heinrich, 68
Schnitzler, Arnold, 103, 104
Schoenberg, Arnold, 8, 102, 103, 104
Schönerer, Georg von, 105
Schratt, Katharina, 100
Schreiner, William, 305
Schubert, Franz, 102
Schumann, Robert, 10
Sciaky, Leon, 379
Scidmore, Eliza Ruhamah, 398, 413
Scott, Gilbert, 292
Scutari, 378
Sears Roebuck catalogue, 189, 190–2
Seeley, John, 22
Selfridge, H. Gordon, 447
Selma Ekrem, 327–9
Şemsi Pasha, 365
Serbia and Serbs, 93, 351, 376, 378
Servier, André, 273
Seurat, Georges, 49
Sewell, Robert, 172
Shanghai, 399; and 1911 revolution, 401, 408; Bund, 396–7; development, 395–6; diversity and foreign influence, 397–401; mission schools, 398; modernity, poverty and unrest, 399–401; overview, 395–401; trade and industry, 394, 395, 396; transport, 394
Shaw, George Bernard, 5
Shekel Pasha, Mahmoud, 367
Shiba, Colonel, 385
Shusei Tokuda, 419
Shuster, William Morgan, 316, 319–21
Sikorskii, Ivan, 126
Sikorsky, Igor, 129
Simpson, Bertrand Lenox, 384–5, 386
Sinclair, Upton, 163
Sino-Japanese War (1894–5), 355
Slade, Rear Admiral Sir Edward,
324
Smetana, Bedřich, 9
Smirnov, Dmitri, 111, 113–14, 119
Smuts, Jan, 300, 301–2, 303, 304
Smyrna, 453
Society of Righteous Harmony, 383–4
Sombart, Werner, 65
Song Jiaoren, 403, 404
South Africa: Anglo-Boer War, 235, 305, 432–3; attitude to British Empire, 228; and globalisation, 227; history and politics, 296; Indians in, 226, 229, 294–5, 297–304; race issues, 296, 298–308; relations with Britain, 296–7, 434–5; Zulu disturbances, 298; see also Durban
South African Native National Congress, 306–7
Spafford, Edith, 335
Spafford family, 334–5
Spain, 28, 258–9
Spender, John Alfred, 292–3
Spengler, Oswald, 454
Spitzka, Edward Charles, 430
sport, 258
Staël, Madame de, 67
Stalin, Josef, 93, 97
Starye gody (Bygone Years; magazine), 118
Stead, William Thomas, 135–6, 161, 192
Steed, Henry Wickham, 95–6
Stein, Gertrude, 50
Stella, Joseph, 172
Stewart, Bertrand, 13
Stolypin, Pyotr, 126
Stowe, Lyman Beecher, 162–3
Strasbourg, 38
Strauss, Johann, 96, 102
Strauss, Richard, 102
Stravinsky, Igor, 54, 103
Streeton, Arthur: paintings by, 24–5, 25
Stuart, Gilbert, 169
Suarez, Pino, 215
Sudan, 17
Sulzer, William, 162
Sun Yat-Sen, 389, 392, 401–2, 403, 405, 407–8
Sydney, 244, 246
Taaffe, Eduard, 94
Taft, William, 141, 144
Tagore, Rabindranath, 288, 425
Taisho, Japanese Emperor, 356, 411, 421, 422, 423
Taiwan, 352, 425–6
Taj al-Saltana, 314
Talat, Mehmed, 364
Tammany Hall, 162
tango, 9, 64
Tarde, Alfred de, 57–8
Tata, Jamsetji, 289
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 188–9
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr, 9
Tehran, 310–12
telegraph, 225–6
telephones, 61, 139, 187
Terry, Ellen, 20
Thames, River, 16
Tibet, 352, 406
Tiffany, Louis Comfort, 195, 209
Tilak, Bal Ganghadhar, 282
Tillett, Ben, 442
time zones and standardisation, 45–7
Titanic, SS, 135
Tobolsk, 111
Tokutomi Soho, 427
Tokyo, 417; cars, 395; cherry blossom, 413; development and modernisation, 413–20; foreign hotels, 415–16; Ginza district, 417; High City (Yamanote), 418; Low City (Shitamachi), 418–20; overview, 413–20; political pan-Asianism, 425; population, 414–15; prostitution in Yoshiwara, 419–20; Rokumeikan, 415; skyscrapers and architecture, 416, 418; trade and industry, 419; transport, 415, 417; unrest, 423
Tongzhi, Chinese Emperor, 383
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri, 49
trade: protectionism, 28
trade unions see labour movement and unions
travel: increasing facility, ix–x, 6–7, 226; London to Paris, 37; transatlantic, 135; see also aircraft; cruises; railways
Trench, Captain, 13
Trento, 87
Trieste, 81
Trotsky, Leon, 96–7, 97, 369
Tsarskoe Selo, 118, 127
Tumulty, Joseph Patrick, 159
Turner, John Kenneth, 210–11
Twain, Mark, 69, 141
Union of International Associations, 5
Universal Races Congress, 21
Uruguay, 262
USA: American Colony in Jerusalem, 334–5; Americans in Berlin, 59; Americans in Paris, 50; attitude to immigration, 175–6; Chinese in, 387–8; colonial empire, 140; development as nation, 138–9, 220; film industry, 201–4; importance as world power, 350, 454–5; impression of invulnerability, 220–1; interventions abroad, 215–20, 320, 387; Japanese land ownership in California, 197, 426–8; Jews in, 173–5; mass production and consumption, 188–93; oil, 194–6, 195; philanthropy, 176–81; political system, 136–7; race issues, 150–3, 154, 156–60, 182, 220; railways, 139, 184, 198; relations with Argentina, 254–5; relations with Britain, 221; relations with Canada, 237, 243–4; relations with China, 394, 397, 398, 399, 406–8; relations with France, 261; relations with Mexico, 206–8, 209–11, 212, 214–20; rise of corporations, 142–3; trade and industry, 28, 135, 139, 181, 183–4, 184–9, 220; world financial role, 180; world political role, 139–41; see also Detroit; Los Angeles; New York; Washington, DC
Valéry, Paul, 454
Van Gogh, Vincent, 171
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 177
Vatican, 82
Védrines, Jules, 325
Venice, 6
Verdi, Giuseppe, 101
Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 285, 352
Victoria Louise, Princess, 10–12, 13
Vienna: anti-Semitism, 104–6; court life, 99–101; First World War’s aftermath, 452–3; House without Eyebrows, 102–3; Jews in, 90, 101, 104–6, 152; modernity, 102–4; music, 101–2, 103; overview, 87–8, 96–109; population, 97; suicides, 106–7; tradition in, 99
Villa, Francisco ‘Pancho’, 208, 211, 219
Villard, Oswald Garrison, 150
Villari, Luigi, 124
Vittorio Emanuele, King of Italy, 83
Vladivostok, 352–3
Voigt, Wilhelm, 63
Volturno, SS, 135
Wagner, Richard, 9, 10, 101, 173, 246
Wall Street crisis (1907), 178
waltz, 102
war: expectation of in 1913, 447–9; intellectual glorification, 8; popular attitude in 1913, 130–1
Warzée, Dorothy de, 311–12
Washington, DC: architecture and layout, 144–5; cherry trees, 413; overview, 144–53, 156–60; political and economic role, 147–9; population, 149; presidential inaugurations, 132, 144–7; race issues, 150–3, 151, 156–60, 220; Union Station, 145
Washington, Booker T., 156–7
water, 198
Watt, William, 235–6
Webern, Anton, 103
Wedderburn, Sir William, 21
Weller, Charles Frederick, 151, 153
Weller, Eugenia Winston, 151, 153
wheat industry, 242, 243–4, 252
Wheeler, Benjamin Ide, 77
Whistler, James McNeill, 169
Wilhelm II, Kaiser: attitude to war, 13, 75–7; Berlin building programme, 68, 70; and Boxer Rebellion, 386; birthday and silver jubilee celebrations, 74–5; cartoon, 352; character, 10, 70–1; and culture, 74; daughter’s wedding, 10–12, 13; exile, 452; and Franz Ferdinand, 100–1; Jerusalem visit, 327, 332; in Morocco, 35; on Paris, 49–50; power, 71–4; and the tango, 64; Vienna visit, 96; visibility in Berlin, 127
Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 12–13, 64
Williams, Henry Smith, 175–6
Wilson, Ellen Axson, 153, 154, 157, 218
Wilson, Henry Lane, 214, 217, 219
Wilson, Hugo, 258
Wilson, Woodrow: attitude to colonialism, 140–1; audience with British delegation, 221; on automobiles, 186, 192–3; background, 153, 172; and California’s immigration policy, 197, 426; campaign and election as president, 141–3, 154, 179, 192; and China, 407; inauguration, 132, 144–7; income tax policy, 177; and League of Nations, 455; on mass consumption, 192–3; and Mexico, 215–20; and race issues, 154, 156–60; second presidential election, 450; as Southerner, 153–6; at Versailles, 454; on Washington, DC, 147–8; Woolworth Building opened by, 165–6
Winnipeg, 222, 240; aboriginal people, 249–51; attitude to British Empire, 228, 230–2; as boom town, 243–4; commercial centre, 242; development, 240–2; diversity, 242–3; and globalisation, 227; Manitoba Legislative building, 254; overview, 239–44, 249–51; population,
241
Wittet, George, 292
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 103–4
women: status in Constantinople, 366, 373; status in Japan, 418; status in Persia, 314; suffrage, 18, 20–1, 79, 220, 231, 357, 437, 438, 442–6
Wood, Robert N., 158–9
Woodsworth, James Shaver, 243
Woolworth, Frank Winfield, 166, 168
world fairs, xvi, 4–5, 48, 130
Wroclaw, 245
Wu Tingfang, 402–3
Yamamoto, Admiral, 411–12, 423–4
Yan Fu, 352, 389, 454
Yokohama, 419
Yokoi Tokiyoshi, 414
Yokoyama, Professor, 428
Yuan Shikai, 402–3, 405, 406–7, 408–9, 410
Yugoslavia, 453
Yusupov, Prince Felix, 18
Zabern (Saverne) affair (1913), 72–3, 73
Zangwill, Israel, 173–5, 446, 447
Zapata, Emiliano, 211, 213, 218, 219
Zarnuqa, 340–1
Zenner, Mr (Detroit exhibition organiser), 185
Zionism see Jews
Zola, Émile, 48
Zulus, 298
Zweig, Stefan: on European solidarity, 7; experiences as Jew, 106; play put on by, 101; on pre-war Vienna, 94, 98, 104, 456; on Redl case, 107
ALEXANDRA HUDSON
Charles Emmerson was born in Australia and grew up in London. After graduating top of his class in modern history for Oxford University, he took up an Entente Cordiale scholarship to study international relations and international public law in Paris. The author of The Future History of the Arctic (2010), he writes and speaks widely on international affairs. He is a senior research fellow at Chatham House (the Royal Institute for International Affairs).
PublicAffairs is a publishing house founded in 1997. It is a tribute to the standards, values, and flair of three persons who have served as mentors to countless reporters, writers, editors, and book people of all kinds, including me.
I.F. STONE, proprietor of I. F. Stone’s Weekly, combined a commitment to the First Amendment with entrepreneurial zeal and reporting skill and became one of the great independent journalists in American history. At the age of eighty, Izzy published The Trial of Socrates, which was a national bestseller. He wrote the book after he taught himself ancient Greek.
BENJAMIN C. BRADLEE was for nearly thirty years the charismatic editorial leader of The Washington Post. It was Ben who gave the Post the range and courage to pursue such historic issues as Watergate. He supported his reporters with a tenacity that made them fearless and it is no accident that so many became authors of influential, best-selling books.