Thunder at Twilight

by Frederic Morton

  Churchill on note’s reception in London: Churchill, p. 204.

  Churchill’s order to fleet: Thomson, p. 91.

  Poincaré hurries home: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 590-91.

  Russian Pre-Mobilization: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 304-5.

  Conrad needs two weeks to strike: Conrad, vol. 4, p. 40; Crankshaw, p. 398.

  Berchtold on war declaration as not really war: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 388, 457-58.

  War declaration by cable: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 461.

  Austrian mobilization posters: Auersperg, p. 153.

  Austrian restraint: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 427.

  Gallantry vis-á-vis Serbian Chief of Staff: Corti, p. 418; AZ, July 26-27, 1914.

  Yachting Kaiser kept uninformed: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 439.

  “Situation . . . not entirely clear”: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 433.

  Kaiser hastens home: Balfour, p. 348; AZ, July 27, 1914.

  Kaiser blusters: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 434.

  Delay of transmission of Austrian note text to Kaiser: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 440-41; Thomson, p. 101.

  “Brilliant achievement”: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 467.

  Kaiser-Bethmann scene: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 437.

  Bulow quote: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 436.

  Bethmann to German Ambassador in Vienna: Ludwig, p. 223; Thomson, p. 119.

  The Kaiser’s Libretto C: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 467-68.

  Franz Joseph and his Minister of War: Corti, p. 421.

  Franz Joseph and Frau Schratt: Haslip, p. 267.

  Tsar’s “I shall be overwhelmed”: Edmond Taylor, p. 220.

  Frenzied international cabling between governments: NFP and AZ, July 1914 issues; Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 390-651 passim.

  CHAPTER 34 (pages 317-336)

  International pro-war demonstrations: NFP, Times, July 1914 passim.

  British Embassy windows broken: Dugdale, pp. 304-5.

  Kraus to Sidonie: Kraus, vol. 1, p. 60.

  Fackel quote: Fackel, July 10, 1914.

  Zadruga’s destruction: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 185.

  Mussolini detail: Fermi, pp. 8-9.

  Stalin detail: Levine, p. 4.

  Pathology of industrialization: AZ, Feb. 2, 1913.

  Russian rebellion changes to patriotism: Ludwig, p. 373; Trotsky, p. 233.

  Austrian masses patriotic: Trotsky, pp. 233-34.

  Paris proletariat turns pro-war: Fremd., Aug. 2, 1914.

  “Eine Sehnsucht” poem: Cormons, p. 167.

  Rupert Brooke quote: Timms, p. 287.

  “Foul peace . . . drags on”: Gina Conrad, p. 31.

  “Crisis .. . entered Western culture”: Cormons, p. 167.

  Hitler on war: Fest, p. 64.

  Bethmann on war: Timms, p. 279.

  Czernin on war: Czernin, p. 5.

  Poincaré on war: Ludwig, p. 112.

  Freud on Jung: Freud, Freud-Salomé, Freud letter, Nov. 6, 1913.

  Jaurès assassination: Thomson, pp. 148-49.

  French reservists: Thomson, p. 155.

  Lenin arrested: Österreichische Öst.hefte, May 1970.

  Viktor Adler helps Trotsky as well as Lenin: Trotsky, pp. 235-36.

  Arbeiter Zeitung pro-war: AZ, Aug. 4, 1914; Ludwig, p. 324.

  Nicky-Willy cables: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 542, 554, 555, 557, 560, 574; Albertini, vol. 3, p. 180.

  Germany declares war on Russia: Albertini, vol. 3, p. 182.

  Kaiser asks crowd to quiet down: AZ, Aug. 4, 1914.

  “You will live to regret it”: Edmond Taylor, p. 228.

  Kaiser on British uniform: Dugdale, p. 305.

  Moltke cables Conrad: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 673.

  “Who rules in Berlin?” Albertini, vol. 2, p. 674.

  Conrad controls Berchtold cables: Hantsch, p. 642.

  “Smash my telephone”: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 572.

  Viviani at Jaures funeral: Thomson, p. 193.

  Poincaré’s manipulations: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 616-19.

  “Russians in Berlin by All Saints’ Day”: Thomson, p. 175.

  Churchill letter: Manchester, pp. 968-69.

  Churchill mobilizes fleet: Thomson, p. 161.

  “. . . lamps are going out . . .”: Edmond Taylor, p. 229.

  “Josef K.”: in Kafka’s journal: Hayman, p. 183.

  Wittgenstein notebook: Shanker, p. 9.

  Tsar bursts into tears: Albertini, vol. 3, p. 174.

  Kaiser on balcony: Thomson, p. 196; Edmond Taylor, p. 228.

  Hitler on war: Hitler, p. 161.

  Freud critical of Vienna: Clark, p. 39.

  Freud pro-war: Clark, p. 376; Jones, vol. 2, p. 171.

  Wittgenstein enlists: Shanker, pp. 8, 9.

  Schönberg pro-war: Spiel, pp. 198-99.

  Kokoschka’s change from outsider to patriot: Whitford, pp. 69, 99-100.

  Rilke “attached only by language” to Germany: Leppmann, p. 299.

  Rilke’s war poems: Leppmann, pp. 296-97’.

  Herman Hesse pro-war: Eksteins, p. 94.

  Thomas Mann pro-war: Tuchman, Guns, p. 311.

  Freud on war as opportunity for progress: Major Works, p. 756.

  Nietzsche on progress as ascent: Nietzsche, p. 552.

  Franz Joseph edits Manifesto: Hantsch, p. 618.

  Franz Joseph on going under: Corti, p. 431.

  Karl Kraus on proclamation: Fackel no. 404, Dec. 1914, p. 3.

  Franz Joseph removes Tsar’s decoration: Corti, pp. 430-31.

  Franz Joseph changes will: Jaszi, p. 13.

  British ambassador declares war: Dugdale, p. 304.

  British ambassador and wife loved Vienna: Albertini, vol. 3, p. 534; Dugdale, p. 281.

  British ambassador leaving Vienna and street scene: Dugdale, p. 304; Fremd. and NWT, Aug. 14, 1914.

  SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

  PERIODICALS

  Arbeiter Zeitung, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Die Fackel, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Fremdenblatt, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Illustrirtes Wiener Extrablatt, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Intelligence and National Security Journal, London, 1987.

  Die Muskete, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Neue Freie Presse, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Neues Wiener Tagblatt, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Österreichische Östhefte, Vienna, 1970.

  Reichspost, Vienna, 1913-14.

  The Times, London, July 1914.

  Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, Vienna, 1913.

  Wiener Zeitung, Vienna, 1913-14.

  GENERAL

  Adler, Victor. Im Spiegel Seiner Zeitgenossen. Vienna: Verlag der Weiner Volksbuchhandlung, 1968.

  Albertini, Luigi. The Origins of the War of 1914, 2 vols. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press, 1953.

  Asprey, Robert B. The Panthers Feast. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1959.

  Asquith, Herbert Henry. The Genesis of the War. London, 1923.

  Auersperg, Alois Prinz von. Menschen von Gestern und Heute. Unpublished Memoir.

  Barea, Ilsa. Vienna. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966.

  Beck, James M. The Evidence in the Case. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1914.

  Berghahn, V. R. Germany and the Approach of War in 1914. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1973.

  Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von. Betrachtungen zum Weltkriege. (2 vol.). Berlin, 1919-1922.

  Boyer, John W. Political Radicalism in Late Imperial Vienna. Chicago, London: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1981.

  Brehm, Bruno. Die Throne Sturzen. Munich: R. Piper Verlag, 1951.

  Chlumecky, Leopold Freiherr von. Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand: Wirken und Wollen. Berlin, 1929.

  Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer. The World Crisis. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1924.

  Cormons, Ernest U. Schicksale und Schatten. Salzburg: Muller Verlag, 1951.

  Cowles, Virginia. 1913, Abschied von einer Epoche. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, 1969.

  Crankshaw, Edward. The Fall of the House of
Hapsburg. New York: Viking Press, 1963.

  Czernin, Ottokar. Im Weltkriege. Berlin, Vienna: Ullstein and Co., 1919.

  DA Republic Österreich, Staatsamt fur Ausseres. Diplomatische Aktenstucke zur Vorgeschichte des Krieges 1914. Ergänzungen und Nachträge zum Österreichisch-Ungarischen Rotbuch. 3 vols. Vienna, 1919; London, 1920.

  Dedijer, Vladimir. The Road to Sarajevo. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.

  Dor, Milo. Dor Letzte Sonntag. Vienna, Munich: Verlag Almathea, 1982.

  Eksteins, Modris. Rites of Spring, the Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1989.

  Friedländer, Otto. Letzter Glanz der Märchenstadt. Vienna: Ring, 1947.

  ———. Wolken Drohen Über Wien. Vienna: Ring, 1949.

  Fritsche, Victor von. Bilder aus dem Österreichischen Hof—und Gesellschaftsleben. Vienna: Gerlach und Wirdling, 1914.

  Groner, Richard. Wien Wie Es War. Vienna, Munich: Fritz Molden, 1965.

  Hamann, Brigitte. Die Habsburger. Vienna: Überreuter, 1988.

  Hanak, Harry. Great Britain and Austria-Hungary During the First World War. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press, 1962.

  Hanak, Jacques. Im Sturm eines Jahrhunderts. Vienna: Verlag der Wiener Volksbuchhandlung, 1952.

  Hubmann, Franz. K.u.K. Familienalbum. Vienna, Munich, Zurich: Verlag Fritz Molden, 1971.

  Janik, Allan, and Stephen Toulmin. Wittgenstein’s Vienna. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.

  Jaszi, Oscar. The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Chicago, London: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1929.

  Johnston, William M. The Austrian Mind. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: Univ. of California Press, 1972.

  Jung, Carl G. The Portable Jung. Edited by Joseph Campbell. New York: Penguin, 1976.

  Kleindel, Walter. Österreich—Daten zur Geschichte und Kultur. Vienna: Ueberreuter Verlag, 1978.

  Kralik, Heinrich. The Vienna Opera House. Vienna: Rosenbaum Publishers, 1955.

  Kraus, Karl. Briefe an Sidonie von Nadherny. Frankfurt: Insel Verlag, 1973.

  La Grange, Henry Louis de. Mahler. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1973.

  Löwy, A. G. Die Weltgeschichte Ist das Weltgericht, Bucharin, Vision des Kommunismus. Vienna, Frankfurt, Zurich: Europa, 1969.

  Ludwig, Emil. July ‘14. Translated by C. A. Macartney. New York, London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1929.

  McGrath, William J. Dionysian Art and Populist Politics in Austria. New Haven, London: Yale Univ. Press, 1974.

  Massie, Robert K., and Jeffrey Fineston. The Last Courts of Europe. New York: Greenwich House, 1983.

  May, Arthur J. The Habsburg Monarchy 1867-1914. New York: W. W. Norton, 1968.

  Moltke, Helmuth von. Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente 1877-1916. Edited by Eliza von Moltke. Stuttgart, 1922.

  Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Portable Nietzsche. Edited by Walter Kaufmann. New York: Penguin Books, 1954.

  Parkinson, Roger. Origins of World War I. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1971.

  Pauli, Hertha. The Secret of Sarajevo. New York: Apple ton-Century, 1965.

  Redlich, Josef. Schicksalsjahre Österreich 1908-1919: Das politische Tagebuch Josef Redlichs. Graz, Cologne: Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., 1954.

  Reiners, Ludwig. In Europa Gehen die Lichter Aus. Munich: DTV Verlag, 1952.

  Schlögl-Karmel, Friedrich. Wiener Skizzen. Vienna: Wiener, 1946.

  Shebenko, N. Souvenirs: Essai historique sur les origines de la guerre de 1914. Paris: Bibliotheque Diplomatique, 1936.

  Spiel, Hilde. Vienna’s Golden Autumn 1866-1938. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987.

  Stanojević, Stanoje. Die Ermordung des Erzherzogs Franz Ferdinand. Frankfurt, 1923.

  Steed, Henry Wickham. The Hapsburg Monarchy. London: Constable and Company Ltd., 1914.

  ———. Through Thirty Years 1892-1922. 2 vols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page, 1924.

  Stoye, John. The Siege of Vienna. New York, Chicago, San Francisco: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965.

  Taylor, A. J. P. The Habsburg Monarchy 1809-1918. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1957.

  Taylor, Edmond. The Fall of the Dynasties—The Collapse of the Old Order 1905-1922. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963.

  Thomson, George Malcolm. The Twelve Days, 24 July to 4 August 1914. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1964.

  Tuchman, Barbara W. The Guns of August. New York: Macmillan, 1962, 1988.

  ———. The Proud Tower. New York: Macmillan, 1966.

  Vergo, Peter. Art in Vienna, 1898-1918. New York: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1975.

  Walter, E. V. Placeways—A Theory of the Human Environment. Chapel Hill, NC: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1988.

  West, Rebecca. Black Lamb and Grey Falcon. New York: Penguin, 1982.

  White, Leigh. Balkan Caesar: Tito versus Stalin. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1951.

  Wilhelm, S. Wiener Wandelbilder. Vienna, Leipzig: Bruder Rosenbaum, n.d.

  Zweig, Stefan. Die Welt von Gestern. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer, 1944.

  AUTOBIOGRAPHIES, MEMOIRS, AND BIOGRAPHIES

  Bulow, Prince Bernard von. Memoirs (1905-9). 4 vols. London and New York, 1931.

  Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz Gräf. Aus Meiner Dienstzeit 1906-1918. 5 vols. Vienna, 1921-1925.

  Conrad von Hötzendorf, Gina Gräfin. Mein Leben mit Conrad von Hötzendorf. Leipzig: Grethlein & Co., Nachf., 1935.

  Dugdale, Edgar T.S. Maurice de Bunsen: Diplomat and Friend. London: John Murray, 1934.

  Fermi, Laura. Mussolini. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1961.

  Grey, Sir Edward. Twenty-Five Years 1892-1916. 2 vols. London, 1925.

  Grosse Österreicher: Neue Österreichische Biographie. Vienna, Munich: Almathea Verlag, 1980.

  Hantsch, Hugo. Leopold Gräf Berchtold. Graz: Verlag Styria, 1963.

  Hayman, Ronald. Kafka: A Biography. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1982.

  Karolyi, Michael. Memoirs of Michael Karolyi. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1956.

  Leppmann, Wolfgang. Rilke: A Life. Translated by Russell M. Stockman. New York: Fromm International Publishing, 1984.

  Manchester, William. The Last Lion. Boston: Little, Brown, 1983.

  Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950. Graz, Cologne: Verlag Hermann Bohlaus, 1957.

  Szeps, Berta. My Life and History. Translated by John Summerfield. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1939.

  Timms, Edward. Karl Kraus—Apocalyptic Satirist: Culture and Catastrophein Habsburg Vienna. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1986.

  Tirpitz, Alfred von. My Memoirs. 2 vols. London, 1919.

  Whitford, Frank. Oscar Kokoschka: A Life. New York: Atheneum, 1986.

  Wolfe, Bertram D. Three Who Made a Revolution. New York: Stein and Day, 1984.

  On the Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  Brook-Shepherd, Gordon. Archduke of Sarajevo—The Romance and Tragedy of Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Boston, Toronto: Little, Brown and Co., 1984.

  Eisenmenger, Victor. Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand—Seinem Andenken Gewidmet von Seinem Leibarzt. Zurich, Leipzig, Vienna, 1930.

  Franz Ferdinands Lebensroman: Ein Dokument Unserer Zeit. Stuttgart: Verlag Robert Lutz, 1919.

  Kann, Robert A. Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand Studien. Vienna: Verlag fur Geschichte an Politik, 1976.

  Kiszling, Rudolph. Erherzog Franz Ferdinand von Österreich. Graz, Cologne: Hermann Bohlaus Nachf., 1953.

  On Emperor Franz Joseph

  Briefe: Kaiser Franz Josephs an Frau Katherina Schratt. Vienna, Munich, 1964.

  Corti, Egon Caesar Conte, and Hans Sokol. Der Alte Kaiser, Franz Joseph I. Graz, Vienna, Cologne: Verlag Styria, 1955.

  Haslip, Joan. The Emperor and His Actress. New York: Dial Press, 1982.

  On Freud

  Bakan, David, Sigmund Freud and the Jewish Mystical Tradition. New York: Schocken, 1965.

  Clark, Ronald W. Freud: The Man and the Cause. New York: Random House, 1980.

  Freud, Martin. Glory Reflected: Sigmund Freud—Man and Father. London: Angus & Robertson,
1957.

  Freud, Sigmund. Letters of Sigmund Freud 1873-1939. Edited by Ernst L. Freud. New York: Basic Books, 1975.

  Freud, Sigmund, and Lou Andreas-Salome. Sigmund Freud and Lou Andreas-Salomé’: Letters. Edited by Ernst Pfeiffer. New York: W. W. Norton, 1985.

  Jones, Ernest. The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud. 3 vols. London: Hogarth Press, 1953, 1955, 1957.

  ———. The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud. Abridged Edition Edited by Lionel Trilling and Steven Marcus. New York: Basic Books, 1961.

  The Major Works of Sigmund Freud. Chicago: William Benton/Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1952.

  On Hitler

  Bullock, Alan. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. Revised Edition. New York: Harper and Row, 1964.

  Fest, Joachim. Hitler. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1974.

  Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1942.

  Jenks, William A. Vienna and the Young Hitler. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1960.

  Jones, J. Sydney. Hitler in Vienna 1907-1913. New York: Stein and Day, 1983.

  Kubizek, August. The Young Hitler I Knew: The Story of Our Friendship. London: A. Wingate, 1950.

  Maser, Werner. Hitlers Briefe und Notizen. Dusseldorf, Vienna: 1973.

  On Lenin

  Lenin: A Biography. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1983.

  Possony, Stefan T. Lenin: The Compulsive Revolutionary. Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1963.

  Shub, David. Lenin. New York: Mentor, 1948.

  On Stalin

  Delbars, Yves.The Real Stalin. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1953.

  Deutscher, Isaac. Stalin: A Political Biography. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1949.

  Fischer, Louis. The Life and Death of Stalin. New York: Harper Brothers, 1952.

  Hingley, Ronald. Joseph Stalin: Man and Legend. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.

  Levine, Isaac Don. Stalin. New York: Cornwall Press, 1931.

  Lyons, Eugene. Stalin: Czar of All the Russias. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1940.

  MacNeal, Robert H. “Trotsky’s Interpretation of Stalin.” In Rigby, T. H., ed. Stalin. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966.

  Murphy, J. T. Stalin. London: 1945.

  Smith, Edward Ellis. The Young Stalin. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1967.

  Souvanine, Boris. Stalin: A Critical Study of Bolshevism. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1939.