Who Discovered America? : The Untold History of the Peopling of the Americas (9780062236777)

by Menzies, Gavin; Hudson, Ian

  IAN HUDSON

  LONDON

  June 26, 2013

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  This bibliography is structured to assist readers who wish to become experts in this particular subject or in a part of it—whether they are professional historians or not. The bibliography follows the chronology of the text:

  Part A. Transcontinental Trade Before Columbus

  Part B. China in the Americas

  Part C. China’s Explorations to the North

  Each section is considered in more detail:

  A1. Transoceanic Trade—General

  A2. Atlantic Trade in the Bronze Age

  A3. Sea Currents

  A4. Trade on the Atlantic Coasts

  A5. Tin and Copper

  A6. Mediterranean Sea Trade in Prehistory

  A7. Mycenae

  A8. Chinese, Egyptian, and Minoan Ships and Their Trade

  A9. Calculation of Longitude at Sea

  A10. Ocean Navigation

  A11. Maritime Trade in 100,000 B.C.

  B1. DNA Evidence

  B2. In Search of Lost Civilizations

  B3. The Maya Compared with Peoples of the Ancient Near East

  B4. Shang Dynasty and Olmec Art and Pyramids

  B5. Pyramid Builders of South America and China

  C1. Kublai Khan’s Lost Fleets

  C2. The Carolinas, Virginia, and the Eastern Seaboard

  C3. Nova Cataia

  C4. The Pacific Coast

  C5. The Florida Bog People

  SUGGESTED METHOD FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

  1. After reading this book, study the notes and visit our website, www.Gavin​Menzies.net. Then select your research topic.

  2. Read this bibliography and decide generally which books interest you.

  3. Read summaries of those books on a website like Goodreads or Amazon. Narrow your choice and purchase or borrow from a library those books you decide you should read. When at your local library, visit www.jstor.org and download all relevant papers (this excellent service is free in the British Library, and in countless libraries, museums, and educational institutions around the world).

  If you follow this advice you can become an expert within a month. In return, we ask that you contact us with the results of your investigations via email (zhenghe@gavinmenzies.net). With your permission, we will then place the conclusions on our website. This will spread the results quickly around the world, and in turn should help to further stimulate research on the topic. You will have joined a worldwide research group with an aim to rewriting “accepted” history.

  GOOD LUCK!

  GAVIN MENZIES AND IAN HUDSON

  PART A. TRANSCONTINENTAL TRADE BEFORE COLUMBUS

  Transoceanic Trade—General

  Acosta, José de. The Natural and Moral History of the Indies. c. 1560; reprint, London: Hakluyt Society, 1880.

  Alfieri, Anastase. The Coleoptera of Egypt. Cairo: Société Entomologique d’Egypte, 1976.

  Allison, M. J., et al. “A Case of Hookworm Infestation in a Pre-Columbian American.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 41 (1974): 103–106.

  Araujo, Adauto, et al. “Paleoepidemologia da Ancilostomose.” Paleoparasitologia no Brasil (1988): 144–51.

  Bagrow, Leo. “Maps from the Home Archives of the Descendants of a Friend of Marco Polo.” Imago Mundi 5 (1948): 1–13.

  Balabanova, S. “Tabak in Europa vor Kolumbus.” Antike Welt 25, no. 3 (1994): 282–85.

  Barthel, Thomas S. “Planetary Series in Ancient India and Pre-Hispanic Mexico: An Analysis of Their Relations with Each Other.” Tribus 30 (1981): 203–30.

  Barthel, Thomas S., et al. Circumpacifica Festschrift für Thomas S. Barthel. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1990.

  Buckland, P. C., and E. Panagiotakopulu. “Ramses II and the Tobacco Beetle.” Antiquity 75 (2001): 549–56.

  Burl, Aubrey. From Carnac to Callanish. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993.

  Carter, G. F. Pre-Columbiana: A Journal of Long-Distance Contacts 2, no. 4 (2002).

  Chadwick, R. E. “Toward a Theory of Trans-Atlantic Diffusion.” Ph.D. diss., Tulane University, 1975.

  Cunliffe, Barry W. Facing the Ocean. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

  Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca Historica, 2.47 (quoting lost history of Hecataeus of Abdera).

  Evenhuis, Neal L. “Charles Henry Townsend (1863–1944): Man of Wanderlust and Mystery.” Fly Times 50 (2013): 15–24.

  Guthrie, James L. “Observations on Nicotine and Cocaine in Ancient Egyptian Mummies.” Pre-Columbiana: A Journal of Long-Distance Contacts 2, no. 4 (2002).

  Harris, Hendon M., Jr. Edited and abridged by Charlotte Harris Rees. The Asiatic Fathers of America. Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House, 2006.

  Harris Rees, Charlotte. Chinese Sailed to America Before Columbus. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2011.

  . Secret Maps of the Ancient World. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008.

  Heyerdahl, Thor. “Feasible Ocean Routes to and from the Americas in Pre-Columbian Times.” American Antiquity 28 (1963), Bradshaw Foundation podcast.

  Hosler, Dorothy. “Pre-Columbian American Metallurgy.” Paper presented at 45th International Congress of Americanists, Bogotá, Colombia, 1985.

  Hristov, Romeo, and Santiago Genovés. “Mesoamerican Evidence of Pre-Columbian Transoceanic Contacts.” Ancient Mesoamerica 10 (1999): 207–13. See also http://www.unm.edu/~rhristov/.

  Hutchinson, Sir Joseph B., R. A. Silow, and S. G. Stephens. The Evolutions of Gossypium and the Differentiation of the Cultivated Cottons. London: Oxford University Press, 1947.

  Jairazbhoy, R. Rameses III: Father of Ancient America. London: Karnak House, 1992.

  Jeffreys, M. D. W. “Pre-Columbian Maize in Africa.” Nature 172 (1953): 965–66.

  Johannessen, Carl L., and John L. Sorenson. World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492. New York: iUniverse, 2009.

  Landa, Fray Diego de. Yucatan Before and After the Conquests. Trans. William E. Gates. Baltimore: Maya Society, 1937. See also other Maya Society publications.

  Landström, Björn. The Ship. London: Allen & Unwin, 1961.

  Lui, Bao-Lin, and Alan D. Fiala. Canon of Lunar Eclipses, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 3000. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, 1992.

  MacNeish, R. S., and C. Earle Smith, Jr. “Antiquity of American Polyploid Cotton.” Science 173 (1964): 675–76.

  McGrail, Sean. Ancient Boats and Ships. Princes Risborough, UK: Shire, 2006.

  . Ancient Boats in Northwest Europe: The Archaeology of Water Transport to A.D. 1 500. London: Longman, 1998.

  Mertz, Henriette. “The Pre-Columbian Horse.” Anthropological Journal of Canada 10 (1972): 23–24.

  Mookerji, D. N. “A Correlation of the Mayan and Hindu Calendars.” Indian Culture 2, no. 4 (1935–36): 685–92.

  Neugebauer, O. A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. New York: Springer Verlag, 1975.

  Parry, J. H. The Discovery of South America. New York: Taplinger, 1979.

  Riley, Carroll L., et al., eds. Man Across the Sea. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971.

  Rydholm, Fred. Michigan Copper—The Untold Story. Marquette, MI: Winter Cabin Books, 2006

  Sachan, J. K. S. “Discovery of Sikkim Primitive [Maize] Precursor in the Americas.” Maize Genetics Co-operative Newsletter 60 (1986).

  Sauer, Carl Ortwin. Maize into Europe. Vienna: Akten des 34. Internationalen Amerikanistenkongresses, 1962.

  Smith, G. Elliot. Elephants and Ethnologists: Asiatic Origins of the Maya Ruins. London: Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1924.

  Soper, Fred L. “The Report of a Nearly Pure Ancylostoma Duodenale Infestation in Native South American Indians and a Discussion of Its Ethnological Significance.” American Journal of Hygiene 7 (1927): 174–84.

  Sorenson, John L., and Martin H. Raish. Pre-Columbian Contact with the Americas Across the Oceans: An Annotated Bibliography. Provo, UT: Research Press, 1996.

  Steffy, J. Richard. Wooden Ship Building and the Interpret
ation of Shipwrecks. 1994; reprint, College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2011.

  Tolstoy, Paul. “Transoceanic Diffusion and Nuclear Mesoamerica.” In Shirley Gorenstein, ed., Prehistoric America. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1974.

  Townsend, Charles H. T. “Ancient Voyages to America.” Brazilian American 12 (1925).

  . ‘Fly Times’ No. 50, 2013.

  Varshavsky, S. R. “Appearance of American Turkeys in Europe Before Columbus.” New World Antiquity 8, no. 8 (1961). And ArchivesofCulturalExchanges.org.

  Atlantic Trade in the Bronze Age

  Almagro-Gorbea, M. “Ireland and Spain in the Bronze Age.” In John Waddell and Elizabeth Shee Twohig, eds., Ireland in the Bronze Age: Proceedings of the Dublin Conference, April 1995. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1995.

  Bradley, Richard. The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

  . The Social Foundations of Prehistoric Britain. London: Longman, 2004.

  Butler, Jay J. “Bronze Age Connections Across the North Sea.” Paleohistoria 9 (1963): 1–286.

  Childe, V. Gordon. The Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1930.

  Clark, Peter. Bronze Age Connections. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2009.

  . The Dover Bronze Age Boat in Context: Society and Water Transport in Prehistoric Britain. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2004.

  Cunliffe, Barry W. Facing the Ocean. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

  . Mount Batten, Plymouth: A Prehistoric and Late Roman Port. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, 1988.

  Darvill, Timothy. Stonehenge: The Biography of a Landscape. Stroud, UK: Tempus, 2006.

  Fitzpatrick, A. “The Amesbury Archer.” Current Archaeology 184 (2003): 146–52.

  Gonzalez-Ruibal, Alfredo. “Facing Two Seas: Mediterranean and Atlantic Contacts in the Northwest of Iberia in the First Millennium B.C.” Oxford Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 3 (2004): 287–317.

  Kristiansen, K. “Seafaring Voyages and Rock Art Ships.” In Peter Clark, ed., The Dover Bronze Age Boat in Context: Society and Water Transport in Prehistoric Britain. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2004.

  Muckelroy, K. “Middle Bronze Age Trade Between Britain and Europe: A Maritime Perspective.” Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 47 (1981): 275–97.

  Needham, S. “The Archer’s Metal Equipment.” Forthcoming.

  . “The Extent of Foreign Influence on Early Bronze Age Axe Development in Southern Britain.” In M. Ryan, The Origins of Metallurgy in Atlantic Europe: Proceedings of the Fifth Atlantic Colloquium, Dublin, 1978. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1979.

  Needham, S., and C. Giardino. “From Sicily to Salcombe.” Antiquity 82, no. 315 (2008): 60–72. See also a number of works by Professor Needham relating to Bronze Age weapons.

  Needham, S., et al. “An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork.” Archaeological Journal 154 (1997): 55–107.

  Needham, S., et al. “Networks of Contact, Exchange and Meaning: Beginning of the Channel Bronze Age.” In S. Needham et al., eds., The Ringlemere Cup. London: British Museum, 2006.

  Parker Pearson, Mike, et al., “The Age of Stonehenge.” Antiquity 81 (2007): 617–39.

  Rowlands, M. J. “The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain.” N.p.: British Archaeological Reports, 1976.

  Scarre, Christopher, and Frances Healy. Trade and Exchange in European Prehistory. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1993.

  Sea Currents

  Admiralty charts of North Atlantic.

  Albert, HRH Prince, of Monaco. “A New Chart of the Currents of the North Atlantic.” Scottish Geographical Magazine 8, no. 10 (1892).

  Becher, A. B. “Bottle Chart of the Atlantic Ocean.” Nautical Magazine 12 (1843): 181.

  James, H. Guill. “Vila do Infante (Prince-Town), the First School of Oceanography in the Modern Era: An Essay.” In Mary Sears and Daniel Merriman, eds., Oceanography: The Past: Proceedings of the Third International Congress on the History of Oceanography. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1980.

  Richardson, P. L. “Drifting Derelicts in the North Atlantic 1883–1902.” Progress in Oceanography 14 (1985): 463–83.

  Trade on the Atlantic Coasts

  Bannerman, Nigel V. C. “Bronze Age Smelting in North Wales: A Discussion Paper on Possible Smelting Sites for Great Orme Ore.” Journal of the Great Orme Exploration Society 3 (1992): 7–16.

  Briggs, C. S. The Location and Recognition of Metal Ores in Pre-Roman and Roman Britain. Bangor: University College of North Wales, 1988.

  Chapman, D. “Great Orme, Smelting Site, Llandudno.” Archaeology in Wales 37 (1997): 56–57.

  David, G. “Great Orme, Bronze Age Mine, Llandudno.” Archaeology in Wales 41 (2001): 118–19.

  Dutton, L., and P. Fasham. “Prehistoric Copper Mining in the Great Orme, Llandudno, Gwynedd.” Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 60 (1994): 245–86. See also the bibliography to this article.

  James, D. “Prehistoric Copper Mining on the Great Orme’s Head.” In J. Ellis Jones, ed., Aspects of Ancient Mining and Metallurgy. Bangor: University College of North Wales, 1988.

  Lewis, C. Andrew. Prehistoric Mining at the Great Orme. Bangor: University College of North Wales, 1996.

  Map of the Great Orme Country Park and Nature Reserve. Public Mapping Company, 2003.

  Northover, Jeremy P. “Bronze in the British Bronze Age.” In W. A. Oddy, ed., Aspects of Early Metallurgy, British Museum Occasional Paper 17, 1980. The paper also includes a catalog of Welsh Bronze Age metalwork.

  O’Brian, William. Ross Island: Mining, Metal, and Society in Early Ireland. Galway: National University of Ireland, 2004.

  Roberts, E. R. D. “The Great Orme Guide: The Copper Mine, The Prehistoric Period.” 1993.

  Robertson. “The Bronze Age—A Time of Change.” 1994.

  Taylor, Joan J. “The First Golden Age of Europe Was in Ireland and Britain.” Ulster Journal of Archaeology 57 (1994): 37–60.

  Tin and Copper

  Gale, N. H. “Copper Oxhide Ingots: Their Origin and Their Place in the Bronze Age. In N. H. Gale, ed., Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean. Jonsered: P. Åströms Förlag, 1991.

  Manning, Sturt, et al. “Chronology for the Aegean Late Bronze Age, 1700–1400 B.C.” Science 312 (2006): 565–69.

  Muhly, James D. “Mining and Metalwork in Ancient Western Asia.” In Jack M. Sasson, ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 2000.

  Mediterranean Sea Trade in Prehistory

  Haldane, Cheryl W. “Direct Evidence for Organic Cargoes in the Late Bronze Age.” World Archaeology 24 (1993): 348–60.

  Knapp, A. Copper Production and Divine Protection: Archaeology, Ideology, and Social Complexity on Bronze Age Cyprus. Göteborg P. Åströms förlag, 1986.

  . “Island Cultures: Crete, Thera, Cyprus, Rhodes and Sardinia.” In Jack M. Sasson, ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner, 2000. The Biblical Archaeologist Vol.55, No.2, 1992.

  . “Spice, Drugs, Grain, and Grog: Organic Goods in Bronze Age Mediterranean Trade.” In N. H. Gale, ed., Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean. Jonsered: P. Åströms Förlag, 1991.

  Bronze Age Seafaring in the Mediterranean

  Bryce, Trevor. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

  . The Trojans and Their Neighbours. London: Routledge, 2006.

  Collins, Paul. From Egypt to Babylon: The International Age 1550–500 B.C. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.

  Curtis, John, et al. Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

  Haldane, Cheryl [Ward]. “Organic Goods from the Uluburun Wreck.” INA Newsletter 18 (1991): 11.

  . “Shipwrecked Plant Remains.” Biblical Archaeologist 53, no. 1 (1990): 55–60.

  Johnston, P. F. “Bronze Age Cycladic Ships: An Overview.” Temple University Aegean Symposium, 1982.

  Kantor, Helene J. The Aeg
ean and the Orient in the Second Millennium B.C. Bloomington, IN: Principia Press, 1947.

  Manning, Stuart W. A Test of Time: The Volcano of Thera and the Chronology and History of the Aegean and East Mediterranean in the Mid-Second Millennium BC. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1999.

  Merrillees, Robert S. “Aegean Bronze Age Relations with Egypt.” American Journal of Archaeology 76 (1972): 281–94.

  Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. 1942; reprint, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.

  Pulak, C. “As One Ship Is Unearthed, Another Is Reassembled.” INA Newsletter 12 (1989): 4–5.

  . “The Balance Weights from the Late Bronze Age Shipwreck at Uluburun.” In C. F. E. Pare, ed., Metals Make the World Go Round. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2000.

  . “Cedar for Ships.” Archaeology and History in Lebanon 14 (2001): 24–36.

  . “Paired Mortise and Tenon Joints of Bronze Age Seagoing Hulls.” In Boats, Ships, and Shipyards: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, Venice 2000. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2003.

  . “The Uluburun Hull Remains.” In Harry Tzalas, ed., Tropis VII: Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity. Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition, 2002.

  Raban, A. “The Siting and Development of Mediterranean Harbours in Antiquity.” In Mary Sears and Daniel Merriman, eds., Oceanography: The Past: Proceedings of the Third International Congress on the History of Oceanography. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1980.

  Rao, Shikaripur R., ed. The Role of Universities and Research Institutes in Marine Archaeology: Proceedings of the Third Indian Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, 1992. Dona Paula, Goa, India: National Institute of Oceanography, 1994.

  Reynolds, C. G. “Note: The Thera Ships.” Mariner’s Mirror 64 (1978): 124.

  Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File, 1990.