Wild Bill Donovan

by Douglas Waller

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  Chester, Eric Thomas. Covert Network: Progressives, the International Rescue Committee and the CIA. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1995.

  Churchill, Winston S. The Second World War: the Grand Alliance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950.

  ———. The Second World War: Closing the Ring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951.

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  Donovan, William J. “A Central Intelligence Agency: Foreign Policy Must Be Based on Facts,” Vital Speeches, May 1946, pp. 446–48.

  ———. “Intelligence: Key to Defense.” Life, Sept. 30, 1946, pp. 108–20.

  ———. “Our Stake in Thailand.” Fortune, July 1955, pp. 94–95.

  ———. “Religion—The Need of the Hour.” Niagara Index 34, no. 17 (June 15, 1902): 166–67.

  ———. “Should Men of 50 Fight Our Wars?” Reader’s Digest, June 1940, pp. 30–32.

  ———. “Stop Russia’s Subversive War.” Atlantic Monthly, May 1948, pp. 27–30.

  ———. “Who Says We’re Soft.” Reader’s Digest, April 1941, pp. 66–68.

  ———, and Mary Gardner Jones. “Program for a Democratic Counter Attack to Communist Penetration of Government Service.” Yale Law Journal 58, no. 8 (July, 1949): 1211–41.

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  ———, ed. Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman. New York: Harper & Row, 1980.

  ———. The Question of MacArthur’s Reputation, Côte de Châtillon, October 14–16, 1918. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2008.

  Fischer, Benjamin B. “Dirty Tricks and Deadly Devices: OSS, SOE, NDRC and the Development of Special Weapons and Equipment.” Journal of Intelligence History 2 (Summer 2002): 1–20.

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  Harris, Stephen L. Duffy’s War: Fr. Francis Duffy, Wild Bill Donovan, and the Irish Fighting 69th in World War I. Washington: Potomac, 2006.

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  Kessler, Pamela. Undercover Washington: Touring the Sites Where Famous Spies Lived, Worked and Loved. McLean, Va.: EPM, 1992.

  Kimball, Warren F. Churchill and Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence, vols. 1–3. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.

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  Lagemann, John K. “‘Wild Bill’ Donovan.” Current History, April 1941, pp. 23–25, 55–56.

  Lankford, Nelson D. OSS Against the Reich: The World War II Diaries of Colonel David K. E. Bruce. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991.

  Laurie, Clayton D. “Black Games, Subversions, and Dirty Tricks: The OSS Morale Operations Branch in Europe, 1943–1945.” Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives, Fall 1993, pp. 269–71.

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  Lindbergh, Charles A. The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1970.


  Lochner, Louis P., ed. The Goebbels Diaries. New York: Charter, 1948.

  Lovell, Stanley P. Of Spies and Stratagems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1963.

  Lyell, Anne Morse. Nonquitt: A Summer Album, 1872–1984. South Dartmouth, Mass.: Barekneed, 1987.

  MacDonald, Elizabeth P. Undercover Girl. New York: Macmillan, 1947.

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  Martoche, Sal. “William J. Donovan: More to Remember.” Western New York Heritage 6, no. 2 (Spring 2003): 4–15.

  ———. “Lest We Forget: William J. Donovan.” Western New York Heritage 6, no. 1 (Winter 2003): 5–23.

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  Montague, Ludwell Lee. General Walter Bedell Smith as Director of Central Intelligence: October 1950–February 1953. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.

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  ———, and Carl F. Eifler. The Deadliest Colonel. New York: Vantage, 1975.

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  Mueller, Michael. Canaris: The Life and Death of Hitler’s Spymaster. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2007.

  Mulligan, Timothy P. “‘According to Colonel Donovan’: A Document from the Records of German Military Intelligence.” The Historian, November 1983, pp. 78–86.

  Murphy, Robert. Diplomat Among Warriors. New York: Doubleday, 1964.

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  Ormsby, Linus, “The University on the Banks of the Niagara.” Western New York Heritage, Fall 2006, pp. 1–8.

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  The Overseas Targets: War Report of the OSS, vol. 2. New York: Walker, 1976.

  Peake, Hayden B. “OSS and the Venona Decrypts.” Intelligence and National Security 12, no. 3 (July 1997): 14–34.

  Peers, William R., and Dan Brelis. Behind the Burma Road: The Story of America’s Most Successful Guerrilla Force. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1963.

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  Persico, Joseph E. Casey: The Lives and Secrets of William J. Casey: From the OSS to the CIA. New York: Viking, 1990.

  ———. Nuremberg: Infamy on Trial. New York: Viking, 1994.

  ———. Roosevelt’s Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage. New York: Random House, 2002.

  Peterson, Neal H. From Hitler’s Doorstep: The Wartime Intelligence Reports of Allen Dulles, 1942–1945. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996.

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  Smith, Bradley F. The Shadow Warriors: O.S.S. and the Origins of the C.I.A. New York: Basic Books, 1983.

  ———, and Elena Agarossi. Operation Sunrise: The Secret Surrender. New York: Basic Books, 1979.

  Smith, Richard Harris. OSS: The Secret History of America’s First Central Intelligence Agency. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons, 1972.

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  ———. Donovan and the CIA: A History of the Establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency. Frederick, Md.: University Publications of America, 1981.

  ———. “Knifing of the OSS.” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 1, no. 3 (1986): 95–108.

  ———. Wild Bill and Intrepid: Donovan, Stephenson and the Origin of the CIA. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

  Vaughan, Hal. FDR’s 12 Apostles: The Spies Who Paved the Way for the Invasion of North Africa. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons, 2006.

  Walker, David A. “OSS and Operation Torch.” Journal of Contemporary History 22, no. 4 (October 1987): 667–79.

  War Report of the OSS. New York: Walker, 1976.

  Warner, Michael. “The Office of Strategic Services: America’s First Intelligence Agency.” Monograph posted March 15, 2007, Public Affairs, Central Intelligence Agency.

  ———. “Salvage and Liquidation: The Creation of the Central Intelligence Group.” CIA History Staff Monograph, pp. 111–20.

  ———, and Robert Louis Benson. “Venona and Beyond: Thoughts on Work Undone.” Intelligence and National Security 12, no. 3 (July 1997): 1–13.

  Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

  Weinstein, Allen, and Alexander Vassilev. The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—The Stalin Era. New York: Random House, 1999.

  Weintraub, Stanley. Long Day’s Journey into War, December 7, 1941. New York: Dutton, 1991.

  White, Theodore H. In Search of History: A Personal Adventure. New York: Warner, 1978.

  Whitehead, Don. The FBI Story: A Report to the People. New York: Random House, 1956.

  Willoughby, Charles A., and John Chamberlain. MacArthur: 1941–1951. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954.

  Winks, Robin W. Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939–1961. New York: Morrow, 1987.

  Source Not
es

  In many instances a source note covers several paragraphs. Unless otherwise indicated, each source lists material cited up to the previous source note.

  PROLOGUE

  1 for $1.25: Washington Post, Sept. 29, 1945; Brinkley, pp. 119–20, 277–28.

  2 for the pin: WJD memo to former members of the OSS, Sept. 28, 1945, Fr: 439–40, R: 135, M1642, RG226, NA.

  2 glamorous spymaster: McIntosh, Aug. 29, 2007; Bancroft, OHC, pp. 196–97; David G. Donovan, Nov. 15, 2007.

  2–3 Donovan’s life to “will endure”: OSS Personnel Analysis, Fr: 86, R: 113, WJD Remarks at Final Gathering of OSS Employees, Sept. 28, 1945, Fr: 441–43, R: 69, M1642, RG226, NA; “Donovan Gives Farewell Talk to OSS Crew,” Washington Post, Sept. 28, 1945.

  4 to come: Unsigned OSS letter in Latin, Safe File, OSS, 1945, PSF, FDRL; WJD letter to Arthur Krock, Sept. 29, 1945, B: 24, AKP, PU; Col. J. G. Coughlin memo to WJD, Aug. 18, 1945, Fr: 449–53, R: 3, ECONIC memo to JM, Oct. 30, 1945, Fr: 348–49, R: 45, M1642, RG226, NA.

  4 many times: Warner, “Salvage and Liquidation,” pp. 112–18; Gentry, Dec. 1, 2008; Confidential interviews by author.

  5 out his name: Col. Richard Park Memorandum for the President, B: 6, TTP, RG 263, NA; Draft HST speech, March 3, 1948, Speech File 1945–53, Jan.–March 1948, PSF, HSTL.

  5 “to haunt you”: L. M. Ream memo to WJD, Sept. 12, 1945, Fr: 559–61, R: 77, Maj. Delafield memo to WJD, Sept. 10, 1945, Fr: 1355, R: 77, Memo to WJD, “Liquidation Problems—UK,” May 1, 1945, Fr: 841–52, R: 69, M1642, RG226, NA; John M. Jeffries memo to WJD, Aug. 27, 1945, R: 86, A-3304, RG226, NA; “Summary of New OSS Weapons,” B: 311, E: 210, RG226, NA; Kingsley, Jan. 1, 2008.

  5 “in wartime”: WJD letter to James K. Yardsman, Sept. 29, 1945, Fr: 804, R: 3, M1642, RG226, NA; Nature of M. O. Set II, No. 2: With Comments by Gen. William Donovan, 9/2/1945, ARC Identifier 102071/Local Identifier 226.15, Motion Picture, Sound and Video Records Section, RG226, NA.

  6 the organization: Brown, pp. xi, xii; Putzell, OHP, p. 72.

  6 shades of gray: Harper & Brothers letter to WJD, Aug. 12, 1943, and WJD response, Aug. 20, 1943, Fr: 1096–98, R: 39, Memos on OSS history, Fr: 748–948, R: 55, M1642, RG226, NA; Deutsch, pp. 85–99; WJD letter to Louis de Rochemont, July 3, 1946, B: 1, JRFP, HIA.