by Dexter Hoyos
—— (1993) Forschungen zu Hannibal (Darmstadt) [cited as Seibert, FzH]
—— (1993) Hannibal (Darmstadt) [cited as Seibert, Hann.]
Shean, J. (1996), ‘Hannibal’s mules: the logistical limitations of Hannibal’s army and
the battle of Cannae, 216 BC’, Historia 45, 159–87
Starr, C. G. (1980), T he Beginnings of Imperial Rome: Rome in the Mid-Republic (Ann Arbor,
MI)
Studia Phoenicia: see Devijver and Lipinski
Studi Annibalici, in RSA 13–14 (1983–4)
Sumner, G. V. (1966), ‘The chronology of the outbreak of the Second Punic War’,
Proceedings of the African Classical Associations 9, 5–30
—— (1967), ‘Roman policy in Spain before the Hannibalic War’, Harvard Studies in
Classical Philology 72, 205–46
—— (1972), ‘Rome, Spain and the outbreak of the Second Punic War: some clarifi-
cations’, Latomus 31, 469–80
Susemihl, F., and Hicks, R. D. (1894), The Politics of Aristotle: Books I–V (London)
Sznycer, M. (1978), ‘Carthage et la civilisation punique’, in Nicolet, 2.545–93
Tarn, W. W. (1930), Hellenistic Military and Naval Developments (Cambridge; reprinted
Chicago 1984)
Thiel, J. H. (1946), Studies on the History of Roman Sea-Power in Republican Times (Amster-
dam)
—— (1954), A History of Roman Sea-Power before the Second P unic War (Amsterdam)
Thompson, L. A. (1981), ‘Carthage and the Massylian coup d’état of 206 BC’, Historia
30, 120–6
Tlatli, S.-E. (1978), La Carthage punique: étude urbaine (Paris and Tunis)
Tränkle, H. (1977), Livius und Polybios (Basel and Stuttgart)
Tusa, V. (1974), ‘La civiltà punica’, in Popoli e Civiltà dell’Italia Antica (Rome) 2.9–142
Ungern-Sternberg, J. von (1975), Capua im zweiten punischen Krieg: Untersuchungen zur
römischen Annalistik (Munich: Vestigia: Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte 23)
Veith, see Kromayer
Verbrugghe, G. P. (1976), Sicilia ( Itinera Romana: Beiträge zur Strassengeschichte des römischen Reiches, ed. G. Walser, 2: Berne)
Villaronga, L. (1973), Las Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesas (Barcelona)
Vollmer, D. (1990), Symploke: Das Übergreifen der römischen Expansion auf den griechischen
Osten (Stuttgart: Hermes-Einzelschriften 54)
Wagner: see González Wagner
Walbank, F., A Historical Commentary on Polybius, vols 1 (1957), 2 (1967), 3 (1979)
(Oxford) [cited as Walbank, 1, 2 and 3]
—— (1972), Polybius (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: Sather Classical Lectures
42)
Walsh, P. G. (1965), ‘Masinissa’, JRS 55, 149–60
—— (1994), Livy: Book XXXIX (Warminster)
Warmington, B. H. (1964), Carthage (Harmondsworth)
Warmington, E. H. (1935, 1936), Remains of Old Latin, vol. 1, Ennius and Caecilius; vol.
2, Livius Andronicus, Naevius, Pacuvius and Accius (Cambridge, MA, and London:
Loeb Classical Library)
Whittaker, C. R. (1978), ‘Carthaginian imperialism in the fifth and fourth centuries’,
294
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
in P. D. A. Garnsey and C. R. Whittaker (eds), Imperialism in the Ancient World (Cam-
bridge), 59–90
Wise, T. (1982), Armies of the Carthaginian Wars 265–146 BC, plates by R. Hook
(Osprey Men-at-Arms Series 121: Botley)
Zecchini, G. (1997), ‘Ancora sul Papiro Würzburg e su Sosilo’, Akten des 21. Inter-
nationalen Papyrologenkongresses: Berlin 13–19.8.1995 (Stuttgart: Archiv für Papyrus-
forschung, Beiheft 3: 2 vols), 1,061–7
295
I N D E X
Very frequent names ( e.g. Carthage, Hannibal, Livy, Polybius, Rome, Sicily) are
not included
Abdera (Spain), 65, 73
Andalusia, 57
Accabicon Teichos (Spain), 80
annalists, Roman, 157, 190, 195, 214,
Acerrae, 124, 133
217–18, 220, 229
Achaean League, 75
annals of the pontifices, 217
Acra Leuce (Spain), 63–9, 73, 80, 90, 208,
Antigonus Doson, king of Macedon, 75
226
Antiochus III, 53, 107, 189–91, 195,
Acragas, see Agrigentum
203–6, 221, 235
Adherbal (Carthaginian name), 21
Appian, 2, 4, 10, 21, 24, 35–7, 47, 51–2, 62,
Adherbal (general in Sicily in 250–249), 9,
73, 77, 83, 85–6, 88–9, 97, 99, 128,
23, 36
139–40, 143, 154, 157, 162–3, 168,
admiration for Barcids, 4–5, 210, 216–17
170–3, 178, 180, 183, 191, 200, 218–20,
Adriatic, 13, 63, 81, 94, 116, 126, 134, 148
223, 226, 229, 232
Aecae, 135
Apulia, 116–22, 132, 134–7, 146–8, 150,
Aegates Islands, 18–19, 30, 125, 221, 233
230, 234
Aegimurus island (Zembra), 173
Aratus, 75
Aemilius Paullus, L., 107, 118–19, 150
arbitration at Saguntum, Roman, 95–6
Aerenosii and Andosini (north-east Spain),
Arbucala (Spain), 90–1
110
Arcilacis (Elche de la Sierra?), 69
Aetolian League, 199
Aristo of Tyre, 197–8, 200, 204, 235
Africa (Roman province after 146), 180
Aristotle on Carthage, 22, 29–31, 48, 77,
Agathocles, 27, 32, 75, 113, 233
79, 183–4, 186, 212, 216
Agrigentum, 8–9, 14, 26, 212
Armenia, 206
Alce (Spain), 68, 90
armistice after Zama, 186
Alexander the Acarnanian, 204
armistice in 203, 167, 169–70, 173, 231
Alexander the Great, 2, 38, 63, 67, 75, 98,
Arno (river), 115, 234
105, 125, 132, 176
Arpi, 122–3, 128, 132–3, 135, 234
Alexandria, 63, 218
Artaxata, 206
Alicante, 59, 63–5, 79, 226
Artaxias of Armenia, 206
Allobroges, 110, 112
assembly, citizen (at Carthage), see citizen
Almería, 59
assembly at Carthage
Alonis (Spain), 226
Astarte (goddess), 15, 25
Alps, 100, 103, 105, 107, 110–12, 126, 135,
Atella, 122
146, 209, 213, 227–8
Athens, 28, 72, 193, 207
Alpujarras, Las (Spain), 59
Aufidus (river), 118
Alsium, 13
Augustus, 4
Althia (Spain), 89, 96
Aurelius Victor, 181, 222
Anas (Guadiana), 57, 68–9, 74, 83–4
Aurgi (Jaén), 69
296
I N D E X
Aurinx (cf. Aurgi, Orongis), 69
Caesar, Julius, 4, 41, 208
Ausetani (north-east Spain), 108
Calatia, 122
Autaritus (rebel leader), 16, 37, 41–2, 71
Calor (river), 123, 128, 135, 234
Campania, 102, 117, 120, 122, 124, 126,
Ba’al Hammon, 27, 53, 108
128, 135–7, 141, 185, 234
Ba’al Shamim, 27, 53
Cannae, 51, 88, 106, 118–21, 122, 124–30,
Ba’lu of Tyre (seventh century), 21
133, 134–6, 145, 148, 150, 152, 157,
Baebelo (Spain), 85, 222, 225
159, 176–8, 209, 213–15, 218–20, 228,
Baebius Tamphilus, Q., 92, 94, 96–8
230, 234
Baecula (Spain), 144, 219, 235
&
nbsp; Cantabrians (Spain), 56
Baetis (Guadalquivir), 55–9, 63, 69–70, 80,
Canusium, 135, 137, 147–8, 150, 230
140
Cape de la Nao, 55, 64, 84, 226
Baeturii (Spain), 57
Cape de los Palos, 80
Bagradas (Medjerda, river), 37, 42
Cape Lacinium (Capo Colonna), 106, 110,
Balearic islands, 153, 156, 167, 197
159, 171, 213
Balearic slingers, 110, 137, 228
Cape Pachynus, 8–9, 136, 233
Barca (Dido’s brother), 21
Capo Colonna, 159
Barcid (family sobriquet), 1
Capua, 102, 122–3, 126–8, 132, 136, 141,
Barcid family estates, 22, 187
145, 157, 234
Barcid support at Carthage, 2–4, 37, 40,
Carpetani, 83–4, 90–1, 98, 110, 138, 234
43, 48, 52, 60, 76, 78, 88–9, 97, 100,
Cartagena, see New Carthage
107, 121, 130–2, 142–3, 155–8, 160–1,
Cartalia (‘old Carthage’ (?), Spain), 79
163–4, 167, 173, 182–3, 189, 193, 198,
Carthalo (Carthaginian name), 21
200, 210
Carthalo (general in Sicily in 249–247),
Barcids and naval matters, 3, 105, 155, 175
9–11, 13, 23, 36
Barcino (Spain), 108
Carthalo (Hannibal’s officer), 125
Bargusii (north-east Spain), 108
Carthalo (in 152), 200
Bastetani (Spain), 58, 69
Casilinum, 124, 133, 135
Belus (Dido’s father), 21
Cassiodorus, 223
Beneventum, 123, 128, 132, 135–6
Castra Claudiana, 132
Bigerra (Spain), 69
Castrum Album, 65
Bithynia, 206, 235
Castrum Altum, 65, 69, 140, 233
Boards of Five (Carthage), see pentarchies
Castulo (Spain), 58, 65–6, 69–70, 74, 88,
Boii, 61, 104, 111, 227
140, 144, 155
Bomilcar (Barcid in-law?), 21, 51, 88,
Catana, 13
128–9, 141, 154–5, 163, 172, 186, 223
Catius, Q., 150
Bomilcar (Carthaginian name), 21
Caudini, 122
Bomilcar (fourth century), 32–3, 233
Caulonia, 137, 150
booty, 9–10, 13, 28, 86, 89–91, 100, 113,
Celtiberians, Celtiberia, 45, 56–7, 68, 70,
115, 117, 141, 144, 146, 160, 182,
83–4, 90, 136, 139, 152, 162
213–14, 218
Centenius Paenula, M. (prefect (?) in 212),
borrowings from Greece by Carthaginians,
218, 229
26, 67, 72, 208
Centenius, C. (cavalry officer in 217), 229
Bostar, 16
Cercina (Kerkennah, island), 198
Bostar (Carthaginian name), 21
Chaereas, 214
bribery, see corruption at Carthage
chronology, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 58–61, 67,
Brundisium, 13, 114, 132
70, 76, 78, 85–6, 100, 102–3, 107, 112,
Bruttians, Bruttium, 12, 14, 122–4, 127–9,
140, 150, 162, 168, 171, 173–5, 182,
132, 135–7, 143, 145, 147–8, 150, 154,
190–1, 206, 216, 231–2, 233–5
159–60, 162–3, 165, 229, 235
Cicero, 214
Byrsa hill, 24, 27, 31, 197
Cieza (Spain), see Segisa
Byzacium, see Emporia
Cincius Alimentus, L., 111, 130, 214, 217,
227
Caecilius Metellus, Q., 169
Cirta, 120, 162
Caere, 25
Cisalpine Gaul, 82–3, 104, 109, 111, 124,
297
I N D E X
132, 134, 144, 146, 148–9, 164, 181,
Cynoscephalae, 188
204–5, 209, 216, 234
Cyrenaica, 204
Cissis (Spain), 138
Cyrene, 26, 204, 231
Citium (Cyprus), 79
citizen assembly at Carthage, 2, 31, 39, 77,
De Viris Illustribus (anonymous work), 263
87, 89, 166, 194, 200, 207
Delphi, 222
citizenship, Punic, 77, 122, 127
Demetrias (Greece), 204
Clampetia, 160
democracy at Carthage, alleged, 77, 188,
Clastidium, 114
210, 216
Claudius Marcellus, M., 4, 120–1, 134–5,
democracy in Italy, Hannibal’s supposed
137, 141, 145–6, 150, 214, 219–20,
favour for, 123–4
234–5
democrats at Carthage (in 150s), 200
Claudius Marcellus, M. (consul in 196),
deserters, 18, 36, 41, 44, 58, 108, 110–12,
190–1
128, 135, 138, 146–7, 167, 173, 176,
Claudius Nero, C., 140, 145–50, 155, 230
179, 183, 229
Claudius Quadrigarius, 214, 217
Despeñaperros, pass of (Spain), 69
Cleomenes III of Sparta, 208
Dido, 21, 24
clubs, communal, at Carthage, 29
Dio (L. Cassius Dio), 4, 11, 61, 99, 168,
Coelius Antipater, L., 169–70, 214, 219,
182, 210, 220
227
Diodorus, 4–5, 13, 16, 32, 35, 44, 47–8,
coins, 26, 34, 45, 58, 72–3, 84, 185, 224
55–9, 63–5, 79–82, 67–71, 73–4,
colonies, Barcid, 51, 63, 76, 79, 208
79–80, 85, 129, 171, 173, 217, 219
colonies, Latin, 63, 114, 132, 148
Dion (fourth-century Syracusan liberator),
colonists, Punic, 6, 246
75
commerce, see trade, traders
Dionysius the Elder (tyrant of Syracuse),
Compsa, 135
32, 74–6
Conii (Algarve, Portugal), 83
dream, Hannibal’s, 108, 213–14
Consentia, 124, 159–60
Drepana, 8–19, 233
Constantine VII (Byzantine emperor), 215
Durius (Duero, river), 56, 70–1, 84, 90–1
constitution of Carthage, 29–30, 76, 182,
212
Ebro (river; ancient Iber, Iberus), 2, 68, 79,
Contestani, 56
82–4, 90–6, 101–2, 106, 108, 118, 134,
Cordillera Ibérica, 83, 90
137–8, 140–1, 143–4, 213, 218–19, 234,
Cornelius Lentulus, L. (senator in 218), 99
see also Iber
Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus, P.,
Ebro accord, 2, 62, 81–4, 94, 218, 234
180, 215, 235
Ebusus, 50, 63–5, 80, 167
Cornelius Scipio, Cn., 103, 109, 112, 118,
Edetani (Spain), 56
131, 134, 137–41, 197, 209, 219, 234–5
Egypt, 10, 25–7, 63, 79, 107
Cornelius Scipio, P. (consul in 218), 103–5,
Elche, see Ilici
107–9, 112–14, 118, 121, 131, 138–41,
Elche de la Sierra (Arcilacis?), 69
143, 209, 219, 234–5
elephants, 2, 38, 55, 65, 67–8, 73–4, 85, 100,
Cornelius Scipio, P. (consul in 205; later
111, 114, 128, 130, 149, 154, 178, 179
Africanus), 4,113, 140, 142–4, 146,
Elymians, 9
152–62, 164–83, 186, 190, 198, 201,
embassy of 220, Roman, 92–7, 208
206, 210, 212, 214–15, 218–21, 321,
Emporia (later Byzacium), 22, 27, 40,
235
43–4, 180, 188, 224
corruption at Carthage, 22, 48, 185–7, 195
Emporiae (Spain), 82, 84, 103, 138
&nb
sp; Corsica, 49
Ennius, 77
councillors from Carthage, Barcid, 51, 75,
Ephesus, 190, 203, 210, 235
107, 123
Epicydes (Hannibal’s agent), 130–1, 134,
Crete, 205
187, 234
Crispinus, see Quinctius Crispinus, T.
Eryx, Mount, 13–18, 71, 223, 233
Croton, 127, 132, 150, 159, 174
Eshmoun, 24, 27
Cumae, 13, 124, 135
Etruria, Etruscans, 8, 13, 25, 82, 115, 120,
Cunctator, see Fabius Maximus
123, 133, 148–9, 155, 204, 234
298
I N D E X
Eumachus of Neapolis, 180, 214
Gisco (officer in and after 241), 18–19,
Eumenes, king of Pergamum, 206
34–6, 38–9, 42, 58
Eutropius, 4, 221, 231
Gortyn, 205
Great Plains, the, 162, 174, 178
Fabian strategy, 117–18, 133
Greater Syrtes, 25, 27
Fabius (senator in 219), see Fabius Buteo,
Greek borrowings, see borrowings from
M.
Greece by Carthaginians
Fabius Buteo, M., 61, 99, 107
Grumentum, 147
Fabius Maximus, Q. (consul in 213), 135
Guadalquivir, see Baetis
Fabius Maximus, Q., the Delayer (Cuncta-
tor), 4, 38, 60, 99, 117–18, 133, 135,
hadirim, h’drm (the Mighty Ones), see senate,
137, 143, 145–7, 154, 156, 158–9, 165,
Carthaginian
218, 220, 234–5
Hadrumetum, 27, 172, 178, 225
Fabius Pictor, Q., 51–2, 62, 72, 75–6, 78–9,
Halicyae, 9
87, 111, 166, 173, 212–14, 217, 229, 231
Hamae (Campania), 135
fides, Hannibal on, 95–6
Hamilcar (Carthaginian name), 21
finances, 2, 45, 50, 141, 187, 191, 194–6
Hamilcar (general in 260s/250s), 21
First Punic War, 125, 212–13, 215–17, 233
Hamilcar (king in 480), 25, 32
Flaminius, C., 115–16, 122, 147, 150
Hamilcar (postwar renegade in Cisalpine
fleet, Seleucid, 204–5
Gaul), 181, 183, 187
fleets, Carthaginian, 7, 10, 12, 17–18, 24,
Hamilcar Barca, 1–74, 76–7, 79, 83, 85–8,
40, 51, 62, 75, 115–16, 119, 121, 130,
103, 105, 123, 139–40, 143, 145, 156,
136, 138, 141, 154–6, 159–60, 162, 171,
158, 172, 201, 206–7, 211–13, 216–17,
173,175, 177, 196, 224
223, 233
fleets, Roman, 8, 11, 16–19, 62–3, 103,
Hamilcar the Samnite, 200
107, 120–1, 141, 154, 159, 173, 175
Hammamet, 22, 79, 224
Florus, 221
Hannibal (Carthaginian name), 21
Fregenae, 13
‘Hannibal at the gates!’ (proverb), 136
Frontinus, 221
Hannibal (general in 239), 42
Fulvius Centumalus, Cn., 137
