2 Duby, Georges. “Solitude: Eleventh to Thirteenth Century.” In Duby, Georges ed. A History of Private Life: Revelations in the Medieval World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988. p. 510; Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982. p. 58.
3 Thomas, Keith. Man and the Natural World: A History of the Modern Sensibility. New York: Pantheon, 1983. p. 95.
4 Beresford, Maurice, and John G. Hurst, eds. Deserted Medieval Villages. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1972. p. 236.
5 Weiner, Philip P. “Man-Machine from the Greeks to the Computer.” In Weiner, ed. Dictionary of the History of Ideas. New York: 1973-74. p. iii.
6 Thomas, Keith. Man and the Natural World: A History of the Modern Sensibility. p. 39.
7 Lamont, William, and Sybil Oldfield, eds. Politics, Religion and Literature in the 17th Century . London: Dent, Rowman & Littlefield, 1975. pp. 61-62.
8 Desiderius, Erasmus. De civilitate morum puerilium (On the Civility of Children.). 1540. Robert Whittinton, trans.; Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. pp. 48-50; Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners. New York: Urizen Books, 1978. pp. 73-74.
9 Furnivall, Frederick J. English Meals and Manners. Detroit, MI: Singing Tree Press, 1969. p. xvi; Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. p. 42.
10 Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. p. 42.
11 Rifkin, Jeremy. Biosphere Politics. New York: Crown, 1991. p. 198.
12 Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. p. 42.
13 Ibid. p. 44; Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners. p. 118.
14 Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners. p. 121.
15 Ibid. p. 126.
16 Ibid. p. 68; Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. p. 45; Cooper, Charles. The English Table in History and Literature. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, n.d. pp. 17, 19.
17 Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners. p. 107; Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. p. 46.
18 Brett, Gerard. Dinner Is Served: A History of Dining in England, 1400-1900. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1968. p. 116.
19 Barley, M. W. The House and Home: A Review of 900 Years of House Planning and Furnishing in Britain. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1971. pp. 40-41; Aries, Philippe. “The Family and the City.” In Rossi, Alice, ed. The Family. New York: Norton, 1965. pp. 227-235; Holmes, U. T. Jr. Daily Living in the Twelfth Century: Based on the Observations of Alexander Neckham in London and Paris. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1952. p. 231.
20 Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. pp. 59-60; Everett, Alan. “Farm Labourers.” In Thirsk, Joan, ed. The Agrarian History of England and Wales: 1500-1640. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1967. pp. 442-443.
21 Aries, Philippe. Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Private Life. New York: Random House, 1962. p. 369.
22 Berman, Morris. Coming to Our Senses: Body and Spirit in the Hidden History of the West. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989. p. 48.
23 Giedion, Siegfried. Mechanization Takes Command: A Contribution to Anonymous History. New York: Norton, 1969. pp. 268-269.
24 Lukacs, John. “The Bourgeois Interior.” American Scholar 39. Fall 1970, Vol. 623; Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. p. 83.
25 Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners. p. 177; Duby, Georges. “Solitude.” In Duby, ed. A History of Private Life: Revelations in the Medieval World. pp. 589-590.
26 Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners. pp. 178-180; Aries, Philippe. Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. pp. 100-127.
27 Duby, Georges. “Solitude.” In Duby, ed. A History of Private Life: Revelations in the Medieval World. p. 605.
28 Tuan, Yi-Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. pp. 125-126.
29 Rifkin, Jeremy. Biosphere Politics. p. 212.
30 Ibid. p. 214; Corbin, Alain. The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press, 1986. pp. 143-144.
CHAPTER 6: INVENTING THE IDEOLOGY OF PROPERTY
1 Schaff, Philip. America: A Sketch of Its Political, Social, and Religious Character. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1855, 1961. p. 87; Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. George Lawrence, trans. New York: Harper, 1988. p. 238.
2 Schlatter, Richard. Private Property: The History of an Idea. New York: Russell & Russell, 1973.
3 Ibid. p. 64.
4 Randall, John Herman, Jr. The Making of the Modern Mind. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1940. p. 140.
5 Marty, Martin E. A Short History of Christianity. New York: Collins World, 1959. pp. 220, 223; Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Scribner’s, 1958. pp. 104-105, 108, 116-117.
6 Tawney, R. H. The Acquisitive Society. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1920. p. 13.
7 Ibid. p. 17.
8 Schlatter, Richard. Private Property: The History of an Idea. pp. 118-120; Les Six Libres de la Republique. 1576. Reference Richard Knolles’s English translation of the Latin, London, England: 1606.
9 Schlatter, Richard. Private Property: The History of an Idea. p. 119.
10 Ibid. p. 120.
11 Tawney, R. H. The Acquisitive Society.
12 Ibid. p. 20.
13 Reeve, Andrew. Property. London: Macmillan, 1986. p. 124; Schlatter, Richard, Private Property: The History of an Idea. p. 154.
14 Locke, John; Schlatter, Richard. Private Property: The History of an Idea. p. 154.
15 Schlatter, Richard. Private Property: The History of an Idea. p. 242.
16 Ibid. p. 249.
17 Reeve, Andrew. Property. p. 137.
18 Ibid. pp. 137-138.
19 Ibid. p. 138.
20 Ibid. pp. 298-299.
21 Beaglehole, Ernest. Property: A Study in Social Psychology. New York: Macmillan, 1932. p. 303.
22 Ely, James W. The Guardian of Every Other Right. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 26.
23 Locke, John. Second Treatise of Civil Government. Peter Laslett, ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1963. #123, #124.
24 Kelley, Donald R. Historians and the Law in Postrevolutionary France. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984. p. 129.
25 Bethell, Tom. The Noblest Triumph: Property and Prosperity Through the Ages. p. 98. Quotation by Say.
26 De Soto, Hernando. The Mystery of Capital. New York: Basic Books, 2000. p. 5.
27 Ibid. p. 35.
28 Ibid. p. 6.
29 Ibid. p. 10.
30 Ibid. p. 8.
31 Kelley, Donald R. Historians and the Law in Postrevolutionary France. p. 131.
32 Condorcet, Marquis de. Outlines of an Historical View of the Progress of the Human Mind. London: J. Johnson, 1795. pp. 4-5.
33 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. In Rousseau, Basic Political Writings, Donald A. Cress, trans. and ed. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1987. p. 60.
34 Sombart, Werner. Why Is There No Socialism in the United States? White Plains, NY: International Arts and Sciences Press, 1976. p. 106.
35 Jameson, Anna Brownell. Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada. Reissue edition. Toronto: New Canadian Library, 1990.
36 Johnson, Paul. The Birth of the Modern. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991. p. 211.
37 “The Homestead Act.” The National Park Service. August 20, 2003. www.nps.gov
38 Skaggs, Jimmy M. Prime Cut. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1967. p. 79.
39 Turner, Frederick Jacks
on. The Frontier in American History. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1994. p. 1.
40 “Strategies for Housing and Social Integration in Cities.” Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Paris: OECD, 1996. p. 40.
41 Jackson, Kenneth. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. p. 57.
42 Ibid. p. 58.
43 “British Homes the Smallest in Europe.” Bradford & Bingley, 2003. Sources: HM Land Registry Residential Property Price Report, Oct.-Dec. 2001; “Characteristics of New Single-Family Homes (1987-2002).” National Association of Home Builders. August 21, 2003. www.nahb.org
44 Platt, Rutherford H. Land Use and Society. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration Office of Highway Information Management. July 1992. pp. 23-24.
45 Diamond, Henry L., and Patrick F. Noonan. Land Use in America. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996. p. 85.
46 Arendt, Randall G. Conservation Design for Subdivisions. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996. p. 19.
47 Schueler, Tom. Site Planning for Urban Stream Protection. Washington, DC: Metropolitan Council of Governments, Environmental Land Planning Series, 1995. p. 73.
48 Newman, Peter W. G., and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Cities and Automobile Dependence: A Sourcebook. Aldershot, U.K., and Brookfield, VT: Gower Publishing Co., 1989. pp. 40-44.
49 Jackson, Kenneth T. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. pp. 204-209.
50 “British Have Smallest Homes in Europe.” The Move Channel. May 3, 2002. www. themovechannel.com
51 Ibid.; “Housing Vacancy Survey—Annual 2002.” The U.S. Census Bureau, 2002. www.census.gov; Maclennan, Duncan. “Decentralization and Residential Choices in European Cities: The Roles of State and Market.” In Summers, Anita A., Paul C. Cheshire, and Lanfranco Senn, eds. Urban Change in the United States and Western Europe: Comparative Analysis and Policy. Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 1993, p. 517.
52 “British Have Smallest Homes in Europe”; Nivola, Pietro S. Laws of the Landscape: How Politics Shape Cities in Europe and America. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1999. p. 22.
53 Jackson, Kenneth. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. p. 280.
54 Stegman, Michael A., and Margery Austin Turner. “The Future of Urban America in the Global Economy.” Journal of the American Planning Association. Vol. 62. Spring 1996. p. 157.
55 Suplee, Curt. “Slaves of Lawn.” p. 20.
56 Jackson, Kenneth. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. p. 50.
57 “The Social Situation in the European Union, 2002.” European Commission. May 22, 2002. www.europa.eu.int
58 Diamond, Henry L., and Patrick F. Noonan. Land Use in America. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996. p. 68; Davis, Judy S., Arthur C. Nelson, and Kenneth J. Ducker. “The New ’Burbs: The Exurbs and Their Implications for Planning Policy.” Journal of the American Planning Association. Vol. 60, Winter 1994. pp. 45-46.
59 “Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent.” European Conference of Ministers Responsible for Regional Planning (CEMAT). February 6, 2003. www.coe.int
60 Turner, Frederick Jackson. The Frontier in American History. p. 320.
61 Ibid.
62 Ibid.
63 Ibid. p. 312.
64 Ibid. p. 211.
65 Ibid. p. 288.
66 Adams, Charles. For Good and Evil: The Impact of Taxes on the Course of Civilization. New York: Madison Books, 1993. pp. 360-364.
67 Roosevelt, Theodore. The New Nationalism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1910. (1961 reprint). p. 33.
CHAPTER 7: FORGING CAPITALIST MARKETS AND NATION-STATES
1 Heilbroner, Robert L. The Making of Economic Society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1962. pp. 36-38, 50.
2 Polanyi, Karl. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon, 1944. p. 70; Jones, E. L. The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1981. pp. 101-102.
3 Jones, E. L. The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. pp. 98-100.
4 Dobb, Maurice M. A. Studies in the Development of Capitalism. New York: International Publishers, 1947. p. 123.
5 Ibid. p. 150.
6 Ibid. pp. 140-141.
7 Ibid. p. 143.
8 Heilbroner, Robert L. The Making of Economic Society. pp. 51-52.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid.
12 Polanyi, Karl. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. p. 65.
13 Hobsbawm, E. J. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1990. p. 45. Said at the first meeting of the parliament of the newly united Italian kingdom (1861). (Latham, E. Famous Sayings and Their Authors. Detroit, 1970.) (Refers to “We have made Italy, now we have to make Italians.”)
14 Brunot, Ferdinand, ed. Histoire de la langue francaise. 13 vols. Paris: 1927-43; de Mauro, Tullio. Storia linguistica dell’Italia unita. Bari. 1963, p. 41; Wehler, H. U. Deutsche Gesellschaftgeschichte 1700-1815. Munich, Ger: 1987. p. 305.
15 Hobsbawm, E. J. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. p. 54.
16 Wright, Lawrence. Clockwork Man. New York: Horizon Press, 1969. p. 121.
17 Flora, Peter. Economy and Society in Western Europe 1815-1975. Vol. 1, chap. 5. Frankfurt, London, and Chicago, 1983.
18 Mumford, Lewis. The Culture of Cities. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1963. p. 79.
19 Held, David, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. pp. 33-34.
20 Jones, E. L. The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. pp. 130-131.
21 Smith, Dennis. “Making Europe—Processes of Europe-Formation since 1945.” In Smith, Dennis, and Sue Wright, eds. Whose Europe? The Turn Towards Democracy. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. pp. 240-241.
22 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. On the Social Contract. Roger Masters, trans. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1978. p. 130.
23 Hindess, Barry. “Neo-liberalism and the National Economy.” In Dean, M., and B. Hindess, eds. Governing Australia: Studies in Contemporary Rationalities of Government. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1988. pp. 210-226; Held, David, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. p. 37.
24 Held, David, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. pp. 37-38.
25 Dobb, Maurice. Studies in the Development of Capitalism. p. 193; “Mercantilism.” The Columbia Encyclopedia. Sixth Edition, 2001. www.bartleby.com
26 Shapiro, Michael J., and Hayward R. Alker. Challenging Boundaries: Global Flows, Territorial Identities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. p. 238; “French Revolution.” The Columbia Encyclopedia. Sixth Edition, 2001. www.bartleby.com; “Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.” Article 3. Adopted by the National Assembly, August 27, 1789. www.history.binghamton.edu
27 Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press, 2001. p. 45. For further information, see Brubaker, Rogers. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992; Sluga, Glenda. “Identity, Gender, and the History of European Nations and Nationalism.” Nations and Nationalism. 1998. 4, 1: pp. 87-111.
28 Hobsbawm, E. J. Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. pp. 82-83.
29 Maier, Charles S. “Does Europe Need a Frontier?: From Territorial to Redistributive Community.” In Zielonka, Jan. Europe Unbound. London: Routledge, 2002. p. 26.
<
br /> 30 Lowe, Donald M. History of Bourgeois Perception. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982. p. 38.
31 “Spread of Railways in 19th Century.” Modern History Sourcebook. Fordham University. September 22, 2001.
32 Russell, J. C. Medieval Regions and Their Cities. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1972. pp. 244, 246; Strayer, Joseph R. On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970. p. 61; Tilly, Charles, ed. The Formation of the National State in Western Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975. p. 15; Wesson, Robert. State Systems: International Pluralism, Politics, and Culture. New York: Free Press, 1978. p. 21.
33 “Table A-1. Reported Voting and Registration by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex and Age Groups: November 1964-2000.” U.S. Census Bureau. June 3, 2002. www.census.gov
CHAPTER 8: NETWORK COMMERCE IN A GLOBALIZED ECONOMY
1 Kirkham, Jan, and Timothy McGowan. “Strengthening and Supporting the Franchising System.” International Franchise Association. The Franchising Handbook. p. 12.
2 Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Edwin Cannan, ed. London: Methuen & Co., 1961. Vol. I. p. 475.
3 Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996. p. 207; Ernst, Dieter. Inter-firms Networks and Market Structure: Driving Forces, Barriers and Patterns of Control. Berkeley, CA: University of California, BRIE working paper 73, 1994. pp. 5-6.
4 Scharpf, Fritz W. Games in Hierarchies and Networks. Frankfurt am Main, Ger.: Campus Verlag, 1993. pp. 69-70.
5 Uzzi, Brian. “The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect.” American Sociological Review. Vol. 61. No. 4. August 1996. p. 682.
6 Ibid. pp. 682-683.
7 Ibid. p. 679.
8 Ibid. p. 678.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid. p. 682.
11 Jones, Candace, William S. Hesterly, and Stephen P. Borgatti. “A General Theory of Network Governance: Exchange Conditions and Social Mechanisms.” The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 22. No. 4. October 1997. p. 921.
12 Powell, Walter W. “Neither Market Nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization.” Research in Organizational Behavior. Vol. 12. 1990. p. 325.
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