The Arsenal of Democracy: FDR, Detroit, and an Epic Quest to Arm an America at War
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Greece, takeover by Nazi Germany, [>]
Gregorie, Bob, [>], [>]
Grosse Pointe, Michigan, EF and family in, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Guadalcanal, American army success at, [>]
Guardian Building, Detroit, [>]
guns and ammunition
GM production of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
inaccessible, at Pearl Harbor, [>]
production of, in 1942, [>]
Roosevelt’s production goals for 1942, [>]
US, government orders for, 1940, [>]
gyrocompasses, [>]
Hail Columbia (B-24 Liberator), during Operation Tidal Wave, [>], [>]
Hall, Ed, [>]
Hamburg, Germany, bombing of, [>]
hard-steel dies, use of at Ford, [>]
Harff, Anthony, [>]
Harris, Arthur “Butch,” [>]
Hartford Courant, article on Willow Run, [>]
Harvey, Bill, [>]
heat-treating airplane components, [>]
heavy bombers
emphasis on, by Knudsen, [>]
FDR’s demand for focus on, [>], [>]
mass production approach, [>], [>]
popularizing of in US culture, [>]
production efforts, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
recognition of importance to Allied success, [>], [>]
role during D-Day invasion, [>]
superchargers for, [>]
See also B-17 Flying Fortress bomber; B-24 Liberator; Combined Bomber Offensive; Willow Run bomber plant
Heinkel bombers, [>]
Henderson, Nevile, [>]
Hennessy, Patrick, [>]
Henning, Harold, [>]–[>]
Henry Ford (final B-24 Liberator), [>]
Henry Ford Hospital, [>], [>]–[>]
Hickam Airfield, Pearl Harbor, bombing of, [>]
high-altitude experiments, [>]–[>], [>]
Highland Park factory (Ford)
diversity of labor force at, [>]
production of M7 anti-aircraft guns, [>]
production volume and efficiency at, [>]
size, [>]
Himmler, Heinrich, [>]–[>], [>]
Hitler, Adolf
admiration for HF, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
admiration for Lindbergh, [>]
assassination attempt, [>]
declining health, [>]
desire to destroy Manhattan skyline, [>]
desire to stay in good graces of US, [>]
dismissal of reports about US production of four-engine bombers, [>]
employment of slave labor, [>]
impact of 1944 Allied bombings on, [>]–[>]
implementation of Volksmotorisierung (Fordism), [>]
Mein Kampf, [>]
military buildup, [>]
payment for trucks produced by Ford of France, [>]
reading of The International Jew: The World’s Foremost Problem, [>]
refusal to capitulate, [>]
rise to power, [>]
suicide, [>]
view of American resolve and skill, [>], [>]
See also Nazi Germany
Hogan, Elmer “One Round,” [>]
Holland, invasion by Nazi Germany, [>]–[>], [>]
Hoover, J. Edgar, [>], [>], [>]. See also Bugas, John; FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
Hopkins, Harry
exhaustion, [>]–[>]
on FDR’s belief in role of bombings to victory, [>]
with FDR when learning of Pearl Harbor attack, [>]
reports on delays in heavy bomber production, [>]
Hotchkiss school, William Ford at, [>]–[>]
housing crisis, Willow Run, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Hudson Motor Car Company, frames for the B-26 “Widowmaker” Marauder, [>]
Hudson’s Department Store, [>]
Hull, Cordell, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
hydraulic brakes, [>]–[>]
Ickes, Harold “Old Curmudgeon,” [>]–[>], [>]
incendiary bombs, [>]
The International Jew: The World’s Foremost Problem, [>]
iron ore, mining of, in Michigan, [>]
Italy, declaration of war on the US, [>]
Iwanowa, Elsa, [>]
Jackson (Mississippi) Daily News, on Detroit Race Riot of 1943, [>]
Japan
air attack on Pearl Harbor, [>]
initial Allied victories against, [>]
successes following US entry into war, [>]
surrender to Allies, [>]
US actions to thwart growing militarism of, [>]–[>]
US declaration of war on, [>]
war with, FDR’s early recognition of likelihood of, [>]
JB-2 Loon, [>]
Jeep (Willys-Overland)
and hiring of Sorensen as chief executive, [>]
production of at the Rouge plant, [>]
Jeffries, Edward, [>]–[>], [>]
Jeschonnek, Hans, [>]
Jews. See anti-Semitism
Johnson, Leon, [>]
Josephine Ford (Byrd’s plane), [>]
Junkers Ju 88 bombers, [>]
Kahn, Albert
design for General Motors headquarters, [>]
design for Highland Park assembly line, [>]
design for Willow Run bomber plant, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Kaiser, Henry, [>], [>]
Kane, John R. “Killer,” [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Kanzler, Ernest “Ernie”
at EF’s funeral, [>]–[>]
as government’s representative in Detroit, [>]
HF’s firing of, [>]–[>]
relationship with EF, [>], [>], [>], [>]
relationship with HF2, [>], [>]
Karin Hall, Germany, [>]
Keller, K. T.
at auto industry meeting in New York, [>]
and Chrysler’s Detroit Tank Arsenal, [>]–[>], [>]
at EF’s funeral, [>]
Kelly, Harry, [>], [>]
Kennedy, Joseph, [>]
Kenney, George C., [>]
Kilpatrick, James, [>]
Kindelberger, James “Dutch,” [>]
Kingsford lumber mill, glider production, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Kisko, Moses, [>]
Kleenex Tissue Company, production of gun mounts, [>]
Knox, Frank, [>], [>]–[>]
Knudsen, William
agreement to work with FDR, [>]
background, [>]
at Detroit’s V-J Day celebrations, [>]
at EF’s funeral, [>]
EF’s report to on Ford defense employment, [>]
as joint head of National Defense Advisory Committee, [>]
meeting with Goering, 1938, [>]–[>]
mobilization of industrial power in Detroit, [>], [>]
as president of General Motors, [>]
request that Chrysler make tanks, [>]–[>]
request that Ford build R-2800 Double Wasp engines, [>]–[>]
response to EF’s withdrawal from aircraft engine building deal, [>]
responsibilities as Defense Commissioner, [>]
tour of war production facilities, 1943, [>]
trip to England and Europe, 1938, [>]–[>]
Kozak (US gunner), [>]
Kristallnacht, [>]–[>]
Krupp, war production by, [>]
labor unions
Bennett’s union-busting efforts, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
HF’s hatred for, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Supreme Court ruling in favor of, [>]
Wagner Act, [>]–[>]
wildcat strikes, [>]–[>]
See also United Auto Workers (UAW)
La Guardia, Fiorello, [>]
Laman, Joseph “Legs,” [>], [>]
LaMare, Chester, “the Al Capone of Detroit,” [>]
landing gear, B-24 Liberator, [>]
landing strip, concrete, [>]
Laumet de la Mothe, Antoine, sieur de Cadillac, [>]
Lawler, J. John, [>]–[>], [>]
Lend-Lease program, [>], [>]
Lepine, A. J., [>], [>], [>]
Lesto, George, [>]
Liberator. See B-24 Liberator
Liebold, Ernest
on HF’s business approach, [>]
HF’s use of in fights with Edsel, [>]
Nazi ties and anti-Semitic statements, [>], [>]–[>]
power of attorney over HF, [>]
Life magazine
coverage of Detroit unrest, [>]
Knudsen cover, [>]
praise for HF’s war production, [>]
Lincoln factory, Detroit
aircraft superchargers, [>]
FDR’s Lincoln phaeton limousine, [>], [>]
Lincoln Continental, [>]
production of parts for the B-24, [>]
Lindbergh, Charles “Lucky Lindy”
acceptance of Grand Cross of the German Eagle, [>]
evaluations of design and quality of B-24 Liberators, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
departure from Ford, [>]
description of Sorensen, [>]–[>]
dislike for FDR and his policies, [>], [>], [>]
first flight to Ford Airport, [>]–[>]
high-altitude-flying experiments, [>]–[>], [>]
love for flying and airplanes, [>], [>], [>]
on maneuverability of the P-51 Mustang fighter, [>]
meetings with Bennett and HF at the Rouge, [>]–[>]
pacifism, antiwar activism, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
as pilot of experimental airplanes, [>]–[>]
presumed anti-Semitism and proNazi sympathies, [>], [>]
resignation from the Army Air Corps, [>]–[>]
response to using airplanes as weapons of war, [>]
testimony on Hitler’s air force, [>]
visit to Germany following end of war, [>]–[>]
visit to Willow Run plant, 1942, [>]–[>]
work for Ford, [>]–[>], [>]
“Little Boy” atomic bomb, [>]
Lochner, Louis, [>]
London, England, bombing of, [>], [>]. See also Battle of Britain; Churchill, Winston
London Daily Express article on Blériot’s cross-Channel flight, [>]–[>]
Look article on war production in Detroit, [>]
Lovett, Robert, [>], [>]
Lubin, Isador, [>], [>]
Luftwaffe (German Air Force)
Arnold’s order to destroy, [>]
Battle of Britain, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Blitzkrieg (“lightning war”), [>]
first challenge of, by British, [>]–[>]
Goering’s view of as invincible, [>], [>]
growth and power of, [>]
Hitler’s view of as failure, [>]
and the invasion of Poland, [>]
Junkers Ju 88 bombers, [>]
Lindbergh’s 1941 testimony about, [>]
Messerschmitt fighter planes, [>], [>], [>], [>]
removal of Goering from command of, [>]
V1 and V2 flying bombs, [>]
See also Goering, Hermann; Hitler, Adolf; Nazi Germany; Operation Tidal Wave
M2A1 tank production at Chrysler, [>]–[>]
M5 light tank production at GM, [>]
Macauley, Alvan, [>], [>]
Mack Avenue, Detroit, [>]
Mackey, Oak, [>]
magnesium foundry at the Rouge, [>]–[>]
Maiden USA (B-24 Liberator), [>]
map room, White House, [>]
Marquis, Samuel, [>]
Marshall, George C.
as FDR’s army chief of staff, [>]
meeting with Knudsen, [>]
on poorly equipped US Army, [>]
Sorensen’s introduction of HF2 to, [>]
Martin, Glenn, [>]
mass production
of aircraft engines, [>]
of airplanes, [>], [>], [>]
application to genocide, [>]
of B-24 Liberator, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
converting from cars to military production, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and the moving assembly line, [>], [>], [>], [>]
successful use of in Nazi Germany, [>], [>]–[>]
See also Battle of Production; bomber-an-hour goal; Highland Park factory; River Rouge factory; war production; Willow Run bomber plant
Mateer, John, [>]
Mayo, William, [>]
Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, high-altitude experiments at, [>]
McClure (Ford family doctor), [>], [>]–[>], [>]
McCormick, Anne O’Hare, [>]
McCrary, “Tex,” [>]
McDonnell, Anne, [>]. See also Ford, Anne McDonnell
McGovern, George, [>]–[>], [>]
McIntyre, Marvin, [>], [>]
Mein Kampf (Hitler), [>], [>]
Menzies, Agnes, [>]
Merlin aircraft engines (Rolls-Royce), building of, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Merriweather, William, [>]
Messerschmitt fighter planes attacks by, during Battle of Britain, [>]
Bf109s, [>]
deployment in defense of Ploesti, [>], [>]
Metal Molding Company, Detroit, production of parts for the B-24, [>]
metals, in the B24 Liberator, [>]
Meyer, Agnes, [>]–[>]
military airplanes, airpower
critical lack of in 1940, [>]
resistance to producing, [>]–[>]
display of, for FDR, [>]–[>]
importance to Allied success, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, [>]–[>]
pleas for from European allies, [>]
production speed and numbers, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
production of in Nazi Germany, [>]
US orders for, Oct. 1940, [>]
See also Battle of Production; bomber-an-hour goal; war production and specific airplanes
Miller, Logan, [>]
Mitsubishi Zero fighters, [>]
Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp, Lindbergh visit to, [>]
Model A Ford, [>]
Model T Ford
brake system problems, [>]
concept for, [>]
engine, EF’s use in prototype airplane, [>]–[>]
worldwide impact of, [>], [>]–[>]
Monroe, Rose (“Rosie the Riveter”), [>]
Mooney, James, [>]
Morgenthau, Henry
and concerns about Ford-Afrique, [>], [>]–[>]
on FDR’s view of Lindbergh as Nazi, [>]
investigations of corporate dealings with Nazi Germany, [>]
as member of FDR’s cabinet, [>]
and negotiations with EF to produce aircraft engines, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Munich Pact, [>], [>]
munitions industry. See war production
Murray Corporation, production of B-17 Flying Fortress parts, [>]
Murrow, Edward R.
on the bombing of London, [>]
on the destruction of Berlin, [>]
on genocide in Nazi Germany, [>]
on start of D-Day invasion, [>]
Mussolini, Benito, [>], [>], [>]
NAACP, involvement during Detroit Race Riot, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Napolitano, Benjamin, [>]
Nash factory, war production, [>]
Nast, Condé, [>]
National Advisory Committee of the American Red Cross, [>]
National Defense Advisory Committee, [>]
National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, [>]
National Foundation on Matters of Business Policy, [>]
National Guard, use of to end Detroit Race Riot, [>]
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), [>]
National Resources Planning Board, [>]–[>]
Nazi Germany
acceleration of production capacities, [>]
annual production of airplanes, [>]
arming of, role of Detroit auto comp
anies, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
automakers and mass production in, [>], [>]
declaration of war on the US, [>]
efforts to obtain information about US bomber program, [>]
HF as hero in, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
genocide in, [>], [>], [>]