Guns or Butter

by Bernstein, Irving;

  Johnson, Lyndon, MINIMUM WAGE AND SOCIAL SECURITY: Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) amendments, 432, 436–37;

  Fair Labor Standards Act amendments, 427–31;

  recommendations for Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance, 432

  Johnson, Lyndon, MODEL CITIES: creation of Department of Housing and Urban Development, 460–61;

  and Model Cities Act, 463, 466–67, 469;

  open housing proposal, 498;

  Special Message to the Congress on the Nation’s Cities, 460;

  task force on Metropolitan and Urban Problems, 460–61;

  task force on Model Cities, 462

  Johnson, Lyndon, PATRON OF ARTS: and addition to National Gallery of Art, 451;

  and Corporation for Public Broadcasting board of directors, 456;

  and National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities bill, 443—44;

  and Public Broadcasting Act, 455–56, 457;

  support for arts, 457;

  support for Hirshhorn museum, 448, 449, 451;

  support for national humanities foundation, 443–44;

  task force on financing public broadcasting, 456;

  unlikeliness as patron, 439

  Johnson, Lyndon, TAX CUT: and 1965 budget, 29–35;

  Economic Report of the President, 39;

  emphasis on economy of government, 33–34;

  and passage of Revenue Act of 1964, 36–38, 39

  Johnson, Lyndon, VIETNAM WAR: antiwar heckling of, 411–12;

  assumptions underlying policy, 339–42;

  and Battle of Khe Sanh, 476;

  concealment of escalation of war, 345;

  concealment of war costs, 323, 358–59, 378;

  and credibility of government, 536;

  deterioration of political position in 1968, 480;

  failure to understand military problems, 330;

  “guns and butter speech,” 319–23, 526–27;

  guns or butter dilemma, 343–44;

  halt in bombing of North Vietnam, 518;

  hubris, 329, 542;

  National Security Action Memorandum No. 328, 346;

  nomination of Clifford as Secretary of Defense, 478;

  overall performance, 534–36;

  press conference announcing war, 348–49;

  prior to 1964 election, 338;

  refusal to talk with Harrison Salisbury, 413;

  response to seizing of Pueblo, 473;

  speech calling for peace talks, 491–92; 1968

  speech to nation on war, 480–81;

  Tonkin Gulf incident, 336–38;

  “Wise Men” meetings, 424–25

  Johnson, Lyndon, VOTING RIGHTS, 218;

  meeting with Wallace, 230–31;

  presentation of voting rights bill to Congress, 231;

  reaction to James Reeb murder, 230;

  reaction to Selma voting rights struggle, 221, 229;

  sending of federal troops to Selma, 231—33;

  voting rights address to joint session, 235–36;

  and voting rights bill, 223, 224, 225, 236–37

  Johnson, Lyndon, WAR ON POVERTY: choice of Shriver to head, 98–99;

  commitment to, 95;

  and community action concept, 96–97;

  insistence on no new taxes, 106;

  lack of interest in, 112;

  and Office of Economic Opportunity, 105;

  restrictions on program, 102;

  in 1964 State of Union Address, 97;

  and Yarmolinsky affair, 110–12, 549 n.8

  Johnson, Lyndon, PRESIDENTIAL PERFORMANCE: credibility problem, 536—37;

  division of country, 537;

  Great Society achievements, 527, 537–38;

  inflation, 537;

  legislative performance, 528–30;

  loss of control over Congress, 437—38;

  periods of presidency, 527;

  personality, 538—42;

  Vietnam policy, 531–36

  Johnson, Rafer, 505

  Johnston, Olin, 8

  Joint Center on Urban Studies, 458–59

  Joint Chiefs of Staff, 357;

  request for tax increase to finance war, 359;

  support for continued bombing of North Vietnam, 480

  Joint Commission on Immigration (Dillingham Commission): Dictionary of Races or Peoples, 247

  Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 448–51

  Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act, 89

  Kagan, Donald, 525–26

  Kaiser, Edgar, 462

  Kampelman, Max, 141, 446

  Karnow, Stanley, 326, 327, 475, 476;

  on “pacification” program, 352;

  on transformation of Vietnam by war, 349–50

  Kattenburg, Paul, 341;

  position on Vietnam War, 327

  Katzenbach, Nicholas, 15;

  and Civil Rights Act of 1964, 50, 64, 70, 72, 79, 80; 1968

  conference on Vietnam War, 477;

  and drafting of civil rights bill of 1966, 391;

  and federal troops to Selma, 231–32;

  and Immigration Act of 1965, 255, 257, 260;

  proposal for Warren Commission, 22;

  support for sending troops to Watts, 385;

  support for surtax, 367;

  and voting rights, 215, 223–24, 235, 237–40, 243, 244

  Kaufman, George S., 4

  Kaufman, Herbert, 462

  Kaysen, Carl, 333

  Kearns, Doris: on Johnson’s dreams, 9;

  on Johnson’s fear of unmanliness, 329;

  on Johnson’s isolation as vice president, 11;

  on Johnson’s legislative accomplishments, 531;

  on Johnson’s loss of credibility, 477;

  on Johnson’s mental state in 1968, 488–90;

  on Johnson’s need for Kennedy staff, 21;

  on Johnson’s paranoia, 541;

  on Johnson’s performance after assassination, 26;

  on Johnson’s self-doubt, 132

  Keating, Kenneth, 69, 155, 162

  Keeney, Barnaby C, 442, 443–44

  Kefauver, Estes, 60

  Kellem, K. C., 453

  Kennedy, Edward, 56, 134, 199, 505;

  and Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 199;

  and Humphrey’s candidacy, 515;

  and Immigration Act of 1965, 255, 258;

  reaction to Humphrey’s Salt Lake City speech, 517;

  and voting rights bill, 238, 239

  Kennedy, Ethel, 505

  Kennedy, Jacqueline, 16, 496, 501, 505

  Kennedy, John F.: and air pollution legislation, 290;

  amendments to Fair Labor Standards Act, 427;

  assassination, 11;

  civil rights bill, 43–44, 80;

  Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime, 89, 96;

  creation of Cape Cod National Seashore Park, 267;

  creation of Outdoor Recreation Advisory Council, 269;

  effect of assassination on public, 18—19;

  exemptions to national immigration quotas, 248;

  and federal aid for education, 183, 184, 203;

  federal relief to the Cumberlands, 91;

  on Goldwater, 123;

  Immigration Message to the Congress, 251–52;

  and immigration reform, 249—52;

  introduction of Medicare, 182;

  and Land and Water Conservation Fund bill, 270–71;

  loose incomes policy, 360;

  national arts policy, 441–42;

  A Nation of Immigrants, 250;

  Panel on the Use of Pesticides, 264–65;

  poverty program, 91;

  on role of State

  Department, 333;

  sensitivity to Johnson’s loss of power, 9;

  support for District of Columbia home rule, 313;

  support for Twenty-fourth Amendment, 223;

  task force on health and Social Security, 158;

  tax cut bill, 2
7;

  tribute to Berkeley, 401;

  urban programs, 459–60;

  and Vietnam, 326–29;

  and wilderness legislation, 276, 277

  Kennedy, Norman, 460

  Kennedy, Robert F., 15, 89;

  announcement of candidacy for president, 372, 480, 501;

  assassination, 372;

  California primary, 502—3;

  debate with McCarthy, 503;

  at 1964 Democratic convention, 142;

  and Economic Opportunity Act, 108, 109;

  and Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 199;

  endorsement of Humphrey for VP, 140;

  on Goldwater, 123;

  1968 Indiana primary, 502;

  on limitations of U.S. power in Vietnam, 473;

  on McCarthy as presidential candidate, 501;

  and McNamara’s resignation, 357; 1968

  Nebraska primary, 502;

  opposition to House AFDC amendments, 434, 436;

  Oregon primary, 502;

  and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 63–64, 70, 76, 80;

  and 1964 vice presidential race, 134–36;

  and voting rights bill, 238;

  and War on Poverty, 96

  Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, 20, 440–41

  Keppel, Francis, 109, 185, 213, 394;

  child benefit theory, 188–91;

  as commissioner of education, 183;

  and Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 188–92;

  and Higher Education Act, 207;

  on impact of education legislation, 212;

  and Johnson’s education task force, 186, 187;

  and Kennedy’s education task force, 184;

  and reopening of Prince Edward County, Va., public schools, 199;

  and reorganization of Office of Education, 201–3;

  and withholding of federal funds for Chicago schools, 394–96

  Kerner, Otto, 419

  Kerner Commission (National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders), 388, 417, 419

  Kerr, Clark, 187;

  firing, 407;

  Godkin Lectures, 401–2;

  negotiations with Free Speech Movement, 405–6;

  negotiations with United Front, 404–5

  Kerr, Robert, 11, 60, 158, 161, 282

  Kerr-Mills bill (Medical Assistance for the Aged), 162–63, 164

  Keynes, John Maynard, 41;

  The General Theory, 41

  Keynesian tax cut.

  See Revenue Act of 1964

  Keyserling, Leon, 87;

  Poverty and Deprivation in the U.S., 87

  Khanh, Nguyen, 339

  Kilduff, Mac, 11, 15

  Killian, James R., Jr., 199, 453, 454, 456

  Killingsworth, Charles C, 206

  King, Cecil, 162, 165, 168

  King, Coretta Scott, 217, 234, 382, 414

  King, John W., 484

  King, Martin Luther Jr., 79, 389–90;

  assassination, 372, 494–95;

  “Beyond Vietnam” speech, 417;

  Chicago open housing demonstrations, 391, 396–98;

  on civil rights bill of 1966, 392;

  and Clergy and Laymen Concerned about Vietnam, 413–14;

  at 1964 Democratic convention, 138, 139;

  depression in 1968, 493;

  eulogy for Jimmie Lee Jackson, 222;

  funeral, 496;

  harassment by FBI, 216–18;

  letter from Selma jail, 221;

  and march of Memphis poor, 493;

  meeting with Hoover, 217;

  meeting with Johnson, 221;

  Nobel Peace Prize, 216;

  and peace movement, 416–17;

  premonition of death, 493, 494;

  proposal for ending Vietnam War, 417;

  public response to assassination, 496–97;

  response to Johnson’s withdrawal from 1968 race, 494;

  response to Watts Riot, 389;

  and Selma to Montgomery march, 222, 226, 227, 228–29, 233–34;

  voting rights campaign, 218–22, 244

  King-Anderson bill (Gore amendment), 162, 164, 167

  Kirk, Alan, 332

  Kirk, Russell, 119–20;

  The Conservative Mind, 120;

  six canons of conservative thought, 120–21

  Kissinger, Henry, 518, 532

  Kitchel, Denison, 127, 128, 144, 148, 149

  Klaman, S. B., 460

  Klein, Herb, 506

  Kleindienst, Richard, 127

  Kline, Hugo, 200

  Kluczynski, John C., 300

  Knight, Frances, 251

  Knight, Goodwin, 290

  Knott, Lawson, 422

  Komer, Robert, 333

  Kosygin, Aleksei, 344

  Krier, James E., 291, 303

  Krim, Arthur, 490

  Krim, Mathilde, 490

  Krock, Arthur, 74

  Krulack, Victor H., 326

  Kuchel, Thomas H., 61, 162;

  concern about Vietnam War, 380;

  and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 65–66, 69;

  and voting rights bill, 235

  Ky, Nguyen Cao, 347

  Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act), 308–9

  Labor unions: closed shop, 307;

  open shop, 307;

  opposition to Taft-Hartley Act, 309

  Laird, Melvin: “Get Out of Vietnam” policy, 415

  Lake Erie, 280–81, 283;

  clean-up, 288

  Lampman, Robert, 84, 90, 92;

  The Low Income Population and Economic Growth, 86–87;

  “The Problem of Poverty in America,” 90, 92–93, 97–98, 106, 112

  Land, Edwin H., 187, 453

  Land and Water Conservation Fund bill, 270, 271, 273

  Landon, Alf, 147

  Landrum, Phil S., 107, 110, 111

  Landrum-Griffin law, 107

  Lange, Dorothea, 84

  Laos, 324

  LaPorte, Roger, 382

  Larson, Reed E., 310

  Laue, James, 228

  Laughlin, Harry H., 246

  Lausche, Frank, 176

  Lawson, James M., Jr., 493

  Le Due Tho, 532

  Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, 50, 66, 72, 238

  League for Industrial Democracy (LID), 400;

  disagreement with SDS, 401

  Lee, Charles, 193

  Lee, Richard, 88, 101;

  concern about shift of funds to Vietnam, 409

  Legion of Voters, 238

  Lehman, Herbert, 25

  Leinsdorf, Erich, 252, 456

  Lemann, Nicholas, 89

  LeMay, Curtis, 508;

  hawkishness toward Vietnam, 330

  Leopold, Aldo, 273, 275;

  A Sand County Almanac, 275

  Lerner, Abram, 445, 448, 449, 451

  Levinson, Larry, 422

  Levison, Stanley, 216, 417

  Lewis, Art, 215

  Lewis, Fulton, 466

  Lewis, John (CEA), 30;

  and tax-cut bill, 39

  Lewis, John (SNCC), 219, 226

  Lewis, Muriel, 215

  Lewis, Oscar: The Children of Sanchez, 89;

  Five Families, 90;

  theory of culture of poverty, 89–90, 91, 93, 102–3

  Lifton, Robert Jay, 382, 534

  Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, 439–40

  Lindsay, John V., 78, 312, 366;

  and Model Cities Act, 464;

  opposition to House AFDC amendments, 436

  Lingo, Al, 220, 226

  Lippmann, Walter, 123, 133;

  concern about Vietnam War, 379

  Literacy tests, 224, 225

  Lithuanian Immigration Service, 249

  Liuzzo, Viola Gregg, 234, 244

  The Living Wilderness, 275

  Lloyd George, David, 83

  Loan, Nguyen Ngoc, 475

  Lodge, Henry Cabot, 129;

  as ambassador to Saigon, 327–28;
<
br />   “Wise Men” meetings, 425

  Loeb, Henry III, 493, 495–96

  Loeb, William, 128

  London, Jack, 400

  Loney, Kate Deadrich, 200

  Long, Huey, 166, 188–89

  Long, Russell, 60, 76, 166, 373;

  and hearings on Social Security Amendments, 433, 434, 435;

  and Medicare bill, 167, 168, 174–76;

  and tax-cut bill, 35;

  and voting rights bill, 235

  Longenecker, Stephen L., 214

  Loomis, Henry, 201, 203

  Los Angeles basin, 288–89

  Los Angeles Human Relations Commission, 383–84

  Los Angeles Music Center, 440

  Los Angeles Police Department, 496

  Lovett, Robert A., 331, 334

  Lowell, A. Lawrence, 332

  Lowell, Amy, 332

  Lowell, John Amory, 331

  Lowell, Percival, 332

  Lowell, Robert, 381, 382

  Lowenstein, Allard, 416, 482–83

  Lowery, Joseph, 217

  Lynch, Tom, 503

  Lynd, Staughton, 381

  MacDonald, Dwight: “Our Invisible Poor,” 92

  MacLeod, Colin M., 264

  Macy, John W., Jr., 202, 242, 456

  Madden, Ray, 78

  Maddox, 336

  Madison, James, 3

  Magnuson, Warren, 454, 455;

  and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 71–72, 76

  Mahon, George H., 370, 373–74, 449

  Mailer, Norman, 423–24;

  Armies of the Night, 424

  Malcolm X, 221, 388, 390, 402

  Manatos, Mike, 161;

  and Civil Rights Act, 70;

  contributions to Johnson presidency, 531;

  and Medicare bill, 166, 168, 169, 176;

  and Model Cities Act, 464–65;

  and proposed filibuster on House AFDC amendments, 437;

  and tax-cut bill, 35, 36;

  and Wilderness Act, 276

  Mankiewicz, Frank, 102

  Manley, John F., 160

  Mansfield, Mike, 8, 35, 56–58, 327;

  and Air Quality Act, 297;

  and attempt to repeal of Section 14b of Taft-Hartley, 311–12, 313;

  and civil rights bill of 1966, 392;

  on incompetency of South Vietnamese government, 341—42;

  and Johnson’s 1968

  speech on Vietnam, 490;

  and Medicare bill, 166;

  position on Vietnam, 341–43, 408–9, 415, 479;

  and proposed filibuster on House AFDC amendments, 437;

  recommendation of slowdown after 89th Congress, 531;

  report to Kennedy on Vietnam, 326;

  and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 65, 66, 70–75, 77, 81;

  and Tonkin Gulf incident, 337;

  and voting rights bill, 223, 235, 237, 239, 240

  Marcuse, Herbert, 400

  Marcy, Carl, 380

  Markley, R. W., Jr., 293

  Marland, Sidney P., 187

  Marris, Peter, 96

  Marsh, Reginald, 84

  Marshall, Bob: The People’s Forests, 275