Guns or Butter

by Bernstein, Irving;

Marshall, Burke, 50, 233, 244;

  and passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964, 63, 70, 80;

  and voting rights bill, 223

  Marshall, Dale Rogers, 469

  Marshall, Thomas R., 4

  Martin, John Bartlow, 130

  Martin, Louis: on Watts Riot, 387, 389

  Martin, William McChesney, 364, 369, 372, 373

  Martin Luther King, Jr./Drew Medical School, 389

  Mather, George, 497

  May, Elaine, 234

  May 2d Movement, 379

  Mayer, Martin, 440

  Mayhew, Henry, 82–83

  McCall, Tom, 507

  McCarran-Walter Act (Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952), 249, 252;

  creation of Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs, 250

  McCarthy, Abigail, 139

  McCarthy, Eugene: background, 483;

  and Chicago demonstrations, 514, 515;

  debate with Robert Kennedy, 503;

  decision to enter 1968 presidential race, 482, 483–84;

  endorsement of Humphrey, 518;

  on limitations of U.S. power in Vietnam, 473;

  and Medicare bill, 167, 175;

  in New Hampshire primary, 372, 480, 484;

  as peace senator, 417; 1968

  presidential campaign, 484, 509–10;

  at signing of ESEA, 200;

  and tax-cut bill, 35;

  and 1964 vice presidential choice, 142; 1968

  Wisconsin primary, 486

  McCarthy, Joseph, 250

  McCarthyism, 249

  McClellan, John, 462

  McCloy, John J., 22, 331

  McCone, John A.: and Commission on the Los Angeles Riots, 386, 388;

  and Johnson’s Vietnam policy, 339

  McCone, Robert, 266

  McConnell, Joseph, 453

  McCormack, John W., 110, 150, 208;

  floor strategy for ESEA, 196;

  and voting rights bill, 235

  McCulloch, Mabel, 52

  McCulloch, William, 44;

  and Civil Rights

  Bill of 1964, 49–52, 55–56, 69, 72, 77–78, 81;

  and voting rights bill, 235

  McDonald, David, 361

  McDonald, Dwight, 381–82

  McDonough, John R., 422–23

  McGee, Gale, 76, 298

  McGill, Ralph, 460

  McGovern, George, 76, 417, 511;

  and proposed filibuster on House AFDC amendments, 437

  McGrory, Mary, 145, 202;

  on McCarthy’s campaign, 484

  Mclntyre, Thomas J., 484;

  and Model Cities Act, 465–66

  McKay, Bruce, 457

  McKeithen, John J., 237

  McLeod, Scott, 250–51

  McNamara, Margy, 355

  McNamara, Pat, 282, 309, 312

  McNamara, Robert, 17, 110;

  admiration for JFK, 20;

  antiwar heckling of, 412;

  background, 333—34;

  and Califano’s position, 318–19;

  as cold warrior, 335;

  destruction of by Vietnam War, 354–57;

  disillusion with Vietnam War, 407–8;

  hiding cost of war, 360;

  on Johnson’s personality, 538;

  and Johnson’s Vietnam policy, 339, 344;

  and march on Pentagon, 424;

  and passage of Economic Opportunity Act, 107–8;

  policy on Defense Department college recruiting, 420;

  “Recommendations of Additional Deployments to Vietnam,” 347;

  relationship with armed forces, 355;

  relationship with Robert Kennedy, 354–55;

  as Secretary of Defense, 335;

  support for sending troops to Watts, 385;

  support for surtax, 367;

  testimony in Senate bombing hearings, 357;

  and Tonkin Gulf incident, 336–37

  McNaughton, John, 335;

  death, 355;

  early position on Vietnam War, 327;

  on effectiveness of South Vietnamese government, 340;

  on inability to win Vietnam War, 354;

  and National Security Council Working Group report, 338, 341

  McPherson, Harry, 11, 242, 414;

  on Hubert Humphrey, 60;

  on Humphrey-Johnson relationship, 61;

  on implementation of new legislation, 531;

  on Johnson’s personality, 541;

  and Johnson’s 1968 speech to nation on war, 480–81;

  on Mike Mansfield, 56, 57–58;

  and Model Cities Act, 462, 464–65;

  on Robert McNamara, 477;

  and Selma march, 228;

  support for ending Vietnam War, 408, 410

  McWilliams, Norman, 416

  Meany, George, 107, 376, 509;

  and attempt to repeal Section 14b of Taft-Hartley, 309, 311, 312;

  opposition to House AFDC amendments, 436, 437

  Medical Assistance for the Aged (Kerr-Mills bill), 162–63, 164

  Medicare, 157, 159, 162;

  administration, 180–81;

  importance of, 156;

  as issue in 1960 campaign, 158;

  public support for, 169;

  in Social Security Amendments of 1965, 177–78;

  in 88th Congress, 161, 164–65, 167–69;

  in 89th Congress, 170–76

  Mellinkoff, Sherman M., 389

  Mellon, Andrew, 447, 451

  Mellon, Paul, 451

  Memphis garbage strike, 493

  Mendenhall, Joseph A., 326

  Menninger, Karl, 460

  Mennis, Ed, 147

  Metcalf, Lee, 75, 76

  Meyerson, Martin, 406, 460

  Mill, John Stuart, 118

  Miller, Fred, 228

  Miller, Uri, 69

  Miller, William, 130, 153

  Mills, C. Wright, 400, 401

  Mills, Wilbur, 27, 156, 159–60, 359;

  on Johnson’s guns-or-butter dilemma, 527;

  and Medicare bill, 159–61, 164–69, 171–73, 176, 182;

  and Social Security Amendments, 432—36, 437;

  and surtax bill, 370–71, 372–77

  Minh, Duong Van (“Big”), 328, 339, 340

  Minikus, Lee W., 383

  Minimum wage: under 1966

  amendments to FLSA, 430–31;

  argument for raising in mid-1960s, 427

  Mississippi Educational Summer Project, 137

  Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 137

  Mitchell, Clarence M., Jr., 66, 79, 498

  Mitchell, John, 518

  Mobilization for Youth, 88, 89, 96

  Model Cities Act, 462–64;

  accomplishments, 469–70;

  conflict with other federal programs, 468;

  failures, 469;

  in House, 464–65, 466–67;

  implementation, 467–68;

  origin, 460–61;

  process of city selection, 468;

  in Senate, 465–66;

  signing, 467;

  task force on, 462–63

  Modern Age: A Conservative Review, 119

  Moe, Henry Allen, 444

  Mohr, Charles, 539

  Mondale, Walter, 228;

  and proposed amendment to Fair Housing Act of 1968, 498;

  and proposed filibuster on House AFDC amendments, 437

  Monroney, A. S. Mike, 161

  Moore, Joe, 287

  Moore, Pauline, 58

  Morey, Roy D., 196, 200

  Morgenthau, Hans, 379, 381

  Morhouse, Jud, 117

  Morse, Wayne, 37;

  amendment to repeal of Section 14b of Taft-Hartley, 310;

  antiwar rally address, 382;

  bill to amend impacted areas program, 189;

  and child benefit theory, 188;

  and Civil Rights Act of 1964, 64, 66, 73, 76;

  concern about shift of funds to Vietnam, 409;

  and Elementary and Secondary Education Act
, 193, 198–200, 201;

  on failure of home rule bill, 314;

  and Higher Education Act, 208, 209, 210;

  legislative management skills, 213;

  opposition to Vietnam War, 327;

  and Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 338;

  and USW contract negotiations, 361

  Morton, Thruston: and tax-cut bill, 35, 37

  Moses, Robert, 137, 138–39

  Mosher, Edith, 201, 203

  Moss, Frank, 76, 298

  Mothers’ Lobby, 381

  Moton, LeRoy, 234

  Moyers, Bill, 24, 97, 98;

  actions after Kennedy assassination, 16, 17, 18;

  and domestic legislation, 317;

  establishment of task forces, 459;

  formula for task forces, 186;

  Great Society concept, 131, 132;

  and “guns and butter” speech, 321;

  and highway beautification bill, 300, 303;

  and Johnson’s mental stability, 343;

  on Johnson’s paranoia, 541;

  and 1964 presidential campaign, 145, 152;

  resignation, 407;

  response to Johnson’s rage, 541;

  statement about Watts Riot, 385;

  and water pollution legislation, 283

  Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 101;

  and community responsibility for arts, 442;

  The Negro Family: The Case for National Action, 390

  Mudd, Roger, 66, 70, 75

  Muir, John, 265, 273

  Multer, Abraham J., 313

  Multiple Use and Sustained Yield Act, 275

  Mumford, Lewis, 264

  Mundell, James, 505

  Mundt, Karl, 73

  Murphy, Charles, 304

  Murphy, Robert: support for Vietnam War, 481;

  “Wise Men” meetings, 425

  Murrow, Edward R.: “Harvest of Shame,” 90

  Muskie, Edmund S., 515;

  and air pollution legislation, 291, 292–94, 295–98; 1968

  campaign, 517;

  and Clean Water Reclamation Act, 285–86;

  and Model Cities Act, 465, 466;

  opposition to reorganization of Department of Interior, 285–86;

  and proposed filibuster on House AFDC amendments, 437;

  relationship with LBJ, 281–82;

  and Senate Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution, 282, 291;

  and water pollution legislation, 281, 282–83

  Muskie, Jane, 465

  Muste, A. J., 421

  Mustin, Lloyd, 339;

  and National Security Council Working Group report, 338

  Myart, Leon, 73–74

  Mylecraine, Walter, 202

  Myrdal, Alva, 216

  Myrdal, Gunnar: An American Dilemma, 54, 216

  National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (Kerner Commission), 388, 417, 419

  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 417;

  Legal Defense Fund, 219;

  voting rights efforts, 222–23

  National Association of Counties, 300

  National Association of Educational Broadcasters, 452, 453

  National Association of Manufacturers: opposition to Wilderness Act, 276

  National Association of Real Estate Boards, 391

  National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 451–52

  National Catholic Welfare Conference, 184, 188, 189–90

  National Committee on Health Care of the Aged, 162

  National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE), 379, 382, 399

  National Council on the Arts, 443

  National Council on the Arts and Cultural Development Act, 442

  National Council of Churches, 184, 188, 198;

  opposition to Vietnam War, 410

  National Council on the Humanities, 443, 444

  National Council of Senior Citizens, 432

  National Cultural Center (Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts), 20, 440–41

  National Cultural Center Act, 440

  National Defense Education Act, 205

  National Educational Television, 453

  National Education Association, 184, 188, 189–90, 192

  National Endowment on the Arts, 443, 444

  National Endowment on the Humanities, 443

  National Gallery of Art, 451

  National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act), 308

  National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (Mobe), 421, 422, 512, 514

  National Origins Act of 1924 (Japanese Exclusion Act), 248

  National Park Service, 272, 274;

  wilderness lands, 278–79

  National park system, 272—73

  National Parks Association, 275

  National Public Radio, 457 National Review, 118–19

  National Right to Work Committee, 310

  National Science Foundation, 192, 442

  National Security Action Memorandum No. 328, 346

  National Security Council Working Group report, 338—42;

  failure to address military questions, 342

  National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study, 532

  National Welfare Rights Organization, 433

  National Wildflower Research Center, 298

  National Wildlife Federation, 275

  National Woman’s Party, 53

  Neighborhood Youth Corps, 104, 112

  Nelson, Gaylord, 199

  Neuberger, Maurine B., 76

  Neustadt, Richard, 366

  Nevin, David, 281

  New Conservatism, 118–19;

  dedication to free market economy, 119–20;

  Kirk’s six canons, 120–21;

  language, 121–22;

  opposition to communism, 120

  New England Resistance, 420

  New York Times, 479;

  reaction to

  Johnson’s education legislation, 192

  Newark riots, 418

  Newman, Cecil, 75

  News (Washington), 152

  Nguyen Sinh Cung. See Ho Chi Minh Nhu, Ngo Dinh, 326

  Nichols, Mike, 234

  Nimetz, Matthew, 422

  Nitze, Paul, 422, 424

  Nixon, Richard M., 4, 118, 125, 147; 1962

  concession speech, 506;

  defeat for California governorship, 506;

  and Johnson, 518;

  low funding for public broadcasting, 456;

  opposition to Model Cities, 467, 469;

  peace talk plot, 519, 520;

  and 1968 presidential race, 505–8, 521;

  refusal to debate Humphrey, 517

  North Vietnam: “General Offensive and

  General Uprising” (Tet offensive), 372, 473–75, 476;

  lack of effect of U.S. bombing strikes, 346;

  strategy, 351

  Novak, Robert: on defeat of Johnson in Senate, 8;

  on Goldwater’s candidacy, 126, 128;

  on Yarmolinsky affair, 110, 111

  Noyes, Newbold Jr., 152

  Oanh, 340

  O’Brien, Larry, 5, 48, 134;

  on accomplishments of 89th Congress, 527–28;

  on attempt to repeal Section 14b of Taft-Hartley, 312–13;

  and Civil Rights Act of 1964, 49, 78;

  on civil rights bill of 1966, 392;

  on Dirksen and Civil Rights Bill, 64;

  and Economic Opportunity Act, 97, 110;

  and Higher Education Act, 208;

  and highway beautification bill, 302;

  and Humphrey campaign, 509, 515–17;

  and Immigration Act of 1965, 257;

  importance to Johnson, 21, 531;

  as “Irish Mafia,” 20;

  and Johnson’s choice of running mate, 133;

  and Kennedy assassination, 16;

  on loss of support for Vietnam War, 411;

  and Medicare bill, 168, 169, 174;

  and minimum wage increase, 428;

  and Model Cities Act, 464–65;


  on Muskie, 515;

  O’Brien Manual, 129–30, 482;

  as Postmaster General, 481;

  on Potomac River, 284;

  and 1964 presidential campaign, 145–46, 148, 150;

  and 1968 presidential campaign, 482, 484–87, 499–500;

  on 1966 Republican victory, 411;

  as Robert Kennedy’s campaign manager, 500, 502;

  and surtax bill, 367, 370–71;

  and tax-cut bill, 35, 36;

  and Wilderness Act, 276

  Ochs, Phil, 381

  O’Connor, Daniel J., 255

  O’Connor, Len, 392

  O’Donnell, Kenneth: as

  “Irish Mafia,” 20;

  and Kennedy assassination, 11, 15, 16;

  and 1964 presidential campaign, 145, 146;

  and Tonkin Gulf incident, 337;

  and 1964 vice presidential selection, 134, 135, 140

  Of Thee I Sing, 4

  Office of Economic Opportunity, 105;

  conflict with Model Cities Act, 468

  Office of Education, 201

  O’Grady’s Raiders, 50

  O’Hara, James, 195

  Ohio Medical Association, 179

  Ohlin, Lloyd E., 90;

  Delinquency and Opportunity, 88–89

  Okun, Arthur M., 360;

  analysis of tax cut impact, 41;

  on growth and price stability, 358;

  report on interest rates, 367;

  support for surtax, 375–77

  Oliver, Edith, 262

  O’Neill, Mike, 202

  O’Neill, Thomas P., Jr. (“Tip”), 416

  Orange, James, 221

  Orfield, Gary, 394, 396

  Oswald, Lee Harvey, 19, 21

  Ouellet, Maurice, 215

  Outdoor Advertising Association, 300

  Outdoor Recreation Resources Review

  Commission, 267–69;

  classes of recreation areas, 268;

  Outdoor Recreation for America, 268;

  “Wilderness and Recreation,” 268

  Owen, David, 332

  Owings, Nathaniel, 448

  Ozark National Scenic Riverways, 271

  Pace, Frank, Jr., 456

  Page, Bruce: on George Wallace, 508;

  on Lowenstein’s strategy in 1968

  presidential race, 483

  Paris peace talks, 518–19;

  lack of results, 511

  Parker, Michael L., 158

  Parker, William H, 384, 389

  Pastore, John, 454, 455

  Patman, Wright, 463

  Paul, Alice, 53

  Peace movement, 381–83, 399;

  growth in 1967, 413–14;

  march on Pentagon, 421–24;

  march on Washington, 381;

  Stop the Draft Week, 420–22

  Peace senators, 417

  Peacha, Thomas, 505

  Pearson, Drew, 130

  Pechman, Joseph, 185, 370

  Pei, I. M., 451

  Pell, Claiborne, 443

  Pentagon Papers, 352, 356

  Pepper, Claude, 166

  Percy, Charles, 155, 410, 499

  Perez, Leander H., 237

  Pericles, 525–26