The Edward Snowden Affair

by Michael Gurnow

  8 Gellman, Barton and Matt DeLong. “The NSA’s problem? Too much data.” The Washington Post. Oct. 14, 2013. http://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/world/the-nsas-overcollectionproblem/517/.

  9 Ball, James. “Xbox Live among game services targeted by US and UK spy agencies.” The Guardian. Dec. 9, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/09/nsa-spies-online-gamesworld-warcraft-second-life.

  10 Education Database Online. “Videogame Statistics.” Education Online. Dec. 16, 2013. http://www.onlineeducation.net/videogame.

  11 The Washington Post. “Ecuador’s foreign minister publicly reads Snowden asylum request letter.” The Washington Post. June 24, 2013. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-06-24/world/40157366_1_human-rights-universal-declaration-asylum-request.

  12 Cassidy, John. “Demonizing Edward Snowden: Which Side Are You On?” The New Yorker. June 24, 2013. http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2013/06/demonizing-edward-snowdenwhich-side-are-you-on.html.

  13 Privacy International. “Surveillance Monitor 2007 - International country rankings.” Privacy International. Dec. 13, 2007. https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/surveillance-monitor-2007international-country-rankings.

  14 Cushing, Tim. “Former NSA Officer: Wikileaks Is A Front For Russian Intelligence And Snowden’s (Probably) A Spy.” TechDirt. Sept. 12, 2013. http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130910/13145824474/former-nsaofficer-wikileaks-is-front-russian-intelligence-snowdens-probablyspy.shtml.

  15 RT. “Obama administration drowning in lawsuits filed over NSA surveillance.” RT. July 16, 2013. http://rt.com/usa/snowden-leakssurveillance-suits-174/.

  16 Bowe, Rebecca. “NSA surveillance: protesters stage Restore the Fourth rallies across US.” The Guardian. July 5, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/04/restore-the-fourthprotesters-nsa-surveillance.

  17 Newell, Jim. “Thousands gather in Washington for anti-NSA ‘Stop Watching Us’ rally.” The Guardian. Oct. 26, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/26/nsa-rally-stop-watchingwashington-snowden.

  18 Lewis, Paul and Philip Oltermann. “NSA denies discussing Merkel phone surveillance with Obama.” The Guardian. Oct. 27, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/27/barack-obama-nsa-angelamerkel-germany.

  19 The White House. “Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney, 10/28/13.” The White House of the United States. Oct. 28, 2013. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/10/28/press-briefingpress-secretary-jay-carney-112813.

  20 Washington’s Blog. “Head of Congressional Intelligence Committee: ‘You Can’t Have Your Privacy Violated If You Don’t KNOW Your Privacy Is Violated.’” Washington’s Blog. Oct. 30, 2013. http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2013/10/head-of-congressionalintelligence-committee-you-cant-have-your-privacy-violated-if-you-dontknow-your-privacy-is-violated.html.

  21 Greenberg, Andy. “NSA Implementing ‘Two-Person’ Rule To Stop The Next Edward Snowden.” Forbes. June 18, 2013. http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/06/18/nsa-director-saysagency-implementing-two-person-rule-to-stop-the-next-edwardsnowden/.

  22 Bierman, Noah and Bryan Bender. “Leaks show US intelligence vulnerability.” The Boston Globe. June 11, 2013. http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2013/06/10/surveillance-leakspoint-hole-security-system-more-people-more-levels-gain-access/d85USWewpmk5HiG72HZ9EO/story.html.

  23 Gjelten, Tom. “Officials: Edward Snowden’s Leaks Were Masked By Job Duties.” NPR. Sept. 18, 2013. http://www.npr.org/2013/09/18/223523622/officials-edward-snowdens-leaks-were-masked-by-job-duties.

  24 Leonnig, Carol, et al. “U.S. intelligence agencies spend millions to hunt for insider threats, document shows.” The Washington Post. Sept. 1, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/us-intelligence-agenciesspend-millions-to-hunt-for-insider-threats-document-shows/2013/09/01/c6ab6c74-0ffe-11e3-85b6-d27422650fd5_story_1.html.

  25 Lawrence O’Donnell. “The Last Word with Lawrence O’Donnell (with Glenn Greenwald).” NBC News. June 10, 2013. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755883/ns/msnbc-the_last_word/vp/52163467#52163467.

  26 Bamford, James. “The NSA Is Building the Country’s Biggest Spy Center (Watch What You Say).” Wired. Mar. 15, 2012. http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/03/ff_nsadatacenter/all/1.

  27 Cf. A.26

  28 Glüsing, Jens, et al. “Fresh Leak on US Spying: NSA Accessed Mexican President’s Email.” Der Spiegel. Oct. 20, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nsa-hacked-email-account-of-mexican-president-a928817.html.

  29 Wolverton, Joe. “NSA Surveillance in Germany May Threaten Merkel Reelection.” The New American. Aug. 29, 2013. http://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/16423-nsasurveillance-in-germany-may-threaten-merkel-reelection.

  30 Ball, James. “NSA monitored calls of 35 world leaders after US official handed over contacts.” The Guardian. Oct. 24, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/24/nsa-surveillance-worldleaders-calls.

  31 Saxena, Shobhan. “NSA planted bugs at Indian missions in D.C., U.N.” The Hindu. Sept. 25, 2013. http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/nsa-planted-bugs-at-indian-missions-in-dc-un/article5164944.ece.

  32 Bedi, Rahul. “Indian High Commission returns to typewriters.” The Telegraph. Sept. 27, 2013. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10339111/Indian-High-Commission-returns-totypewriters.html.

  33 Follorou, Jacques and Glenn Greenwald. “France in the NSA’s crosshair: phone networks under surveillance.” Le Monde. Oct. 21, 2013. http://www.lemonde.fr/technologies/article/2013/10/21/france-in-the-nsa-scrosshair-phone-networks-under-surveillance_3499741_651865.html.

  34 The New York Times. “Oct. 22, 2013: European Union profile.” The New York Times. Oct. 22, 2013. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/e/european_union/.

  35 Schmitz, Gregor. “SWIFT Suspension? EU Parliament Furious about NSA Bank Spying.” Der Spiegel. Sept. 18, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/nsa-spying-european-parliamentarians-call-forswift-suspension-a-922920.html.

  36 European Parliament. “MEPs call for suspension of EU-US bank data deal in response to NSA snooping.” The European Parliament. Oct. 23, 2013. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20131021IPR22725/html/MEPs-call-for-suspension-of-EU-US-bank-datadeal-in-response-to-NSA-snooping.

  37 Voice of America. “Obama to Meet With Chinese, French Presidents at G20.” Voice of America. Sept. 5, 2013. http://www.voanews.com/content/obama-to-meet-with-chinese-french-presidents-at-g20/1744252.html.

  38 Cunningham, Erin. “Edward Snowden the Focus of New Lingerie Ad.” The Daily Beast. July 1, 2013. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/07/01/blush-berlin-taps-snowden-nsa-scandal-for-lingerieads.html.

  39 Loveday, Eric. “Electric Vehicle Firm in Beijing Registers Snowden Name for its Top Secret Breakthrough Technology.” InsideEVs. Aug. 20, 2013. http://insideevs.com/electric-vehicle-firm-in-beijing-registers-snowdenname-for-its-top-secret-breakthrough-technology/.

  40 Rosen, Jay. “The Snowden Effect: definition and examples.” PressThink. July 5, 2013. http://pressthink.org/2013/07/the-snowden-effectdefinition-and-examples/.

  41 Vlahos, Kelley. “The Right Rallies to Edward Snowden.” The American Conservative. Aug. 8, 2013. http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-right-rallies-to-edward-snowden/.

  42 RT. “‘Heroic effort at great personal cost’: Edward Snowden nominated for Nobel Peace Prize.” RT. July 15, 2013. http://rt.com/news/snowden-nominated-nobel-peace-099/.

  43 Hibberd, James. “‘South Park’ NSA surveillance spoof gets big ratings.” Entertainment Weekly. Sept. 26, 2013. http://insidetv.ew.com/2013/09/26/south-park-ratings-snowden/?hpt=hp_t3.

  44 Maierbrugger, Arno. “Ready at last: Hong Kong director presents Snowden movie.” Investvine. July 4, 2013. http://investvine.com/ready-at-last-hong-kong-director-presents-snowden-movie/.

  45 Child, Ben. “Edward Snowden story on way to the big screen.” The Guardian. June 14, 2013. http://www.theguardia
n.com/film/2013/jun/14/edward-snowden-story-nsa-whistleblower.

  46 Kharpal, Arjun. “Filmmakers look to crowdfunding for Snowden movie.” CNBC. Sept. 10, 2013. http://www.cnbc.com/id/101021408.

  47 Perlman, Jake. “Maggie Gyllenhaal, John Cusack, Oliver Stone, and more tell NSA to ‘Stop Watching Us’ — VIDEO.” Entertainment Weekly. Oct. 24, 2013. http://popwatch.ew.com/2013/10/24/stop-watching-us-video/?hpt=hp_t3.

  48 Winter, Michael. “Sales of ‘1984’ spike amid NSA spying scandal.” USA Today. June 11, 2013. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/11/1984-book-sales-jump-surveillance/2413433/.

  49 Agence France Presse. “Snowden’s Russian Lawyer: US Leaker Wears Disguises And ‘I Am His Only Link With The Outside World.’” Business Insider. Sept. 23, 2013. http://www.businessinsider.com/snowdensrussian-lawyer-he-wears-disguises-2013-9.

  50 BBC News Europe. “Snowden father ‘meets son in Russia.’” BBC. Oct. 10, 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24470942.

  51 Kim, Douglas. “Former National Security Whistleblowers Meet in Moscow and Award Sam Adams Prize to Snowden.” Whistleblower.org. Oct. 10, 2013. http://www.whistleblower.org/blog/44-2013/3012former-national-security-whistleblowers-meet-in-moscow-and-awardsam-adams-prize-to-snowden-.

  52 Sheridan, Peter. “Are lover’s enigmatic photos a secret message to ‘traitor’ Edward Snowden?” Mail Online. Oct. 19, 2013. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2467914/Are-lovers-enigmaticphotos-secret-message-traitor-Edward-Snowden.html.

  53 Black, Phil and Ben Brumfield. “NSA leaker Edward Snowden deserves a Nobel Prize, his father says.” CNN. Oct. 10, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/10/world/europe/moscow-snowden-nsaleaks/.

  54 Eshchenko, Alla. “Edward Snowden gets website job in Russia, lawyer says.” CNN. Oct. 31, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/31/world/europe/russia-snowden-job/index.html?hpt=hp_t3.

  55 Snowden, Edward. “Letter from Edward Snowden to German Government.” The Guardian. Nov. 1, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/01/edward-snowden-letterto-german-government-in-full-nsa.

  56 Snowden, Edward. “An Open Letter to the People of Brazil.” Folha de S. Paulo. December 16, 2013. http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/world/2013/12/1386296-an-open-letter-to-the-peopleof-brazil.shtml.

  57 Butler, Don. “Are we addicted to being watched?” Canada.com. Jan. 31, 2009. http://www2.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/observer/story.html?id=ade6d795-4e7a-4ede-9fc1-f7bf929849c8&p=1.

  58 Clifford, Stephanie and Quentin Hardy. “Attention, Shoppers: Store Is Tracking Your Cell.” The New York Times. July 14, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/15/business/attention-shopper-stores-aretracking-your-cell.html.

  59 The Week. “Acxiom Corp: The ‘faceless organization that knows everything about you.’” The Week. June 20, 2012. http://theweek.com/article/index/229508/acxiom-corp-the-faceless-organization-that-knowseverything-about-you.

  60 Gurnow, Michael. “Why Searching for Dog Toys Online Might Increase Your Home Insurance: The Importance of Internet Security.” Strike the Root. July 1, 2013. http://strike-the-root.com/why-searching-for-dogtoys-online-might-increase-your-home-insurance-importance-ofinternet-security.

  61 Cf. A.2

  62 Niznik, Steven. “How to Job Search Confidentially.” About.com. Dec. 16, 2013. http://jobsearchtech.about.com/od/careerplanning/l/aa111102.htm.

  63 Cloud Security Alliance. “Government Access to Information.” Cloud Security Alliance. July 2013. https://downloads.cloudsecurityalliance.org/initiatives/surveys/nsa_prism/CSA-govt-access-survey-July-2013.pdf.

  64 Castro, Daniel. “How Much Will PRISM Cost the U.S. Cloud Computing Industry?” The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation. Aug. 2013. http://www2.itif.org/2013-cloud-computing-costs.pdf.

  65 Arthur, Charles. “Fears over NSA surveillance revelations endanger US cloud computing industry.” The Guardian. Aug. 8, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/08/nsa-revelations-fearscloud-computing.

  66 Strohm, Chris and Danielle Ivory. “Booz Allen to Lockheed Win Part of $6 Billion Cyber Award.” Bloomberg. Aug. 13, 2013. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-13/booz-allen-to-lockheed-winpart-of-6-billion-cyber-award.html.

  67 Gross, Grant. “People flock to anonymizing services after NSA snooping reports.” Computerworld. Oct. 10, 2013. http://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/528833/people_flock_anonymizing_services_after_nsa_snooping_reports/?fp=16&fpid=1.

  68 Ball, James, et al. “NSA and GCHQ target Tor network that protects anonymity of web users.” The Guardian. Oct. 4, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/04/nsa-gchq-attack-tornetwork-encryption.

  69 Friends magazine, 1970.

  70 Hackers News Bulletin. “NSA Fear: More than 11 Million users from U.S & U.K quitted Facebook.” HackersNewsBulletin. Oct. 5, 2013. http://hackersnewsbulletin.com/2013/10/nsa-fear-11-million-users-u-s-u-kquieted-facebook-accounts.html.

  71 Nakashima, Ellen. “NSA has made strides in thwarting encryption used to protect Internet communication.” The Washington Post. Sept. 5, 2013. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-05/world/41798759_1_encryption-nsa-internet.

  72 MacAskill, Ewen. “Edward Snowden, NSA files source: ‘If they want to get you, in time they will.’” The Guardian. June 9, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/nsa-whistleblower-edwardsnowden-why.

  73 Rushe, Dominic. “Lavabit founder: ‘My own tax dollars are being used to spy on me.’” The Guardian. Aug. 22, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/22/lavabit-founder-ussurveillance-snowden.

  74 Daily Paul. “cc the DHS, NSA, CIA, and FBI on all of your emails.” Daily Paul. May 21, 2012. http://www.dailypaul.com/235277/cc-the-nsa-nsacia-all-fbi-on-all-of-your-emails.

  75 Godlikeproductions. Online forum. Godlikeproductions. Aug. 16, 2013. http://www.godlikeproductions.com/forum1/message2322985/pg1.

  76 Riseup. Newsletter August 2013. Riseup. Aug. 2013. https://www.riseup.net/en/newsletter-2013-8.

  77 The Tor Project. Overview page. The Tor Project. Dec. 16, 2013. https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en.

  78 Cf. A.76

  79 Gurnow, Michael. “Seated Between Pablo Escobar and Mahatma Gandhi: The Sticky Ethics of Anonymity Networks.” DissidentVoice. June 28, 2013. http://dissidentvoice.org/2013/06/seated-between-pabloescobar-and-mahatma-gandhi/.