The Edward Snowden Affair

by Michael Gurnow

  50 Boadle, Anthony. “Glenn Greenwald: Snowden Gave Me 15-20,000 Classified Documents.” The Huffington Post. Aug. 6, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/07/glenn-greenwald-edwardsnowden-documents_n_3716424.html.

  51 Logiurato, Brett. “Glenn Greenwald’s Partner Was Carrying A Stunning Amount Of Sensitive Documents When He Was Detained.” Business Insider. Aug. 30, 2013. http://www.businessinsider.com/davidmiranda-glenn-greenwald-documents-national-security-2013-8.

  52 Savage, Charlie and Scott Shane. “Justice Dept. Defends Seizure of Phone Records.” The New York Times. May 14, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/15/us/politics/attorney-general-defendsseizure-of-journalists-phone-records.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&.

  53 AP. “U.S: CIA thwarts new al-Qaeda underwear bomb plot.” USA Today. May 8, 2012. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/story/2012-05-07/al-qaeda-bomb-plot-foiled/54811054/1.

  54 Ingram, David. “Associated Press says U.S. government seized journalists’ phone records.” Reuters. May 13, 2013. http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCABRE94C0ZW20130513.

  55 White, Erin. “AP responds to latest DOJ letter.” Associated Press. May 14, 2013. http://blog.ap.org/2013/05/13/ap-responds-to-intrusive-dojseizure-of-journalists-phone-records/.

  56 Marimow, Ann. “A rare peek into a Justice Department leak probe.” The Washington Post. May 19, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/a-rare-peek-into-a-justice-department-leak-probe/2013/05/19/0bc473debe5e-11e2-97d4-a479289a31f9_story.html?tid=pm_pop.

  57 Rosen, James. “North Korea Intends to Match U.N. Resolution With New Nuclear Test.” Fox News. June 11, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/06/11/north-korea-intends-matchresolution-new-nuclear-test/.

  58 Savage, Charlie and Jonathan Weisman. “Holder Faces New Round of Criticism After Leak Inquiries.” The New York Times. May 29, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/30/us/politics/holder-faces-a-newround-of-criticism.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&.

  59 Richter, Greg. “Holder Personally OK’d Fox Reporter’s Warrant.” NewsMax. May 23, 2013. http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/holder-involved-fox-warrant/2013/05/23/id/506161.

  60 Botelho, Greg and Laura Smith-Spark. “Glenn Greenwald’s partner, David Miranda, ‘afraid’ during questioning.” CNN. Aug. 21, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/20/world/europe/greenwald-partnerdetained/index.html?hpt=hp_t1.

  61 Borger, Julian. “NSA files: why the Guardian in London destroyed hard drives of leaked files.” The Guardian. Aug. 20, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/20/nsa-snowden-files-drivesdestroyed-london.

  62 Cf. 8.44

  63 Maass, Peter. “How Laura Poitras Helped Snowden Spill His Secrets.” The New York Times. Aug. 13, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/magazine/laura-poitras-snowden.html?pagewanted=all.

  64 Cf. 8.44

  65 Cf. 8.61

  66 Cf. 8.44

  67 O’Carroll, Lisa. “Guardian partners with New York Times over Snowden GCHQ files.” The Guardian. Aug. 23, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/aug/23/guardian-news-yorktimes-partnership.

  68 Pilkington, Ed. “New York Times says UK tried to get it to hand over Snowden documents.” The Guardian. Oct. 13, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/13/new-york-times-snowdennsa-files.

  69 Gorman, Siobhan and Jennifer Valentino-DeVries. “New Details Show Broader NSA Surveillance Reach.” The Wall Street Journal. Aug. 20, 2013. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324108204579022874091732470.html.

  70 MacAskill, Ewen. “NSA paid millions to cover Prism compliance costs for tech companies.” The Guardian. Aug. 22, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/23/nsa-prism-costs-techcompanies-paid.

  71 Gorman, Siobhan. “NSA Officers Spy on Love Interests.” The Wall Street Journal. Aug. 23, 2013. http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/08/23/nsa-officers-sometimes-spy-on-love-interests/.

  72 Cf. 8.37

  73 AP. “More NSA employees found to have spied on spouses, partners.” New York Post. Sept. 27, 2013. http://nypost.com/2013/09/27/morensa-employees-found-to-have-spied-on-spouses-partners/.

  74 Ellard, George. Letter from George Ellard to Senator Charles Grassley. Official website of U.S. Senator Charles Grassley. Sept. 11, 2013. http://www.grassley.senate.gov/judiciary/upload/NSA-Surveillance-09-11-13response-from-IG-to-intentional-misuse-of-NSA-authority.pdf.

  75 Campbell, Duncan, et al. “UK’s secret Mid-East internet surveillance base is revealed in Edward Snowden leaks.” The Independent. Aug. 23, 2013. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/exclusive-uks-secretmideast-internet-surveillance-base-is-revealed-in-edward-snowden-leaks8781082.html.

  76 Greenwald, Glenn. “Snowden: UK government now leaking documents about itself.” The Guardian. Aug. 23, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/23/uk-governmentindependent-military-base.

  77 Meyer, David. “UK newspapers clash over Snowden surveillance scoop claims.” PaidContent.org. Aug. 23. 2013. http://paidcontent.org/2013/08/23/with-guardian-facing-reporting-restrictions-rival-uk-paper-outslatest-snowden-scoop/.

  78 Waterman, Shaun. “NSA trove in foreign hands: 58,000 ‘highly classified’ documents, U.K. officials say.” The Washington Times. Aug. 30, 2013. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/aug/30/snowdentrove-foreign-hands-includes-58000-highly-/.

  79 Cf. 8.50

  80 Blackhurst, Chris. “Edward Snowden’s secrets may be dangerous. I would not have published them.” The Independent. Oct. 13, 2013. http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/edward-snowdens-secretsmay-be-dangerous-i-would-not-have-published-them-8877404.html.

  81 Cf. 8.32

  82 Goetz, John. “British Officials Have Far-Reaching Access To Internet And Telephone Communications.” Sueddeutsche. Aug. 28, 2013. http://international.sueddeutsche.de/post/59603415442/british-officials-havefar-reaching-access-to-internet.

  83 Esposito, Richard, et al. “Snowden impersonated NSA officials, sources say.” NBC News. Aug. 29, 2013. http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/08/29/20234171-snowden-impersonated-nsa-officialssources-say.

  84 Lake, Eli. “Greenwald: Snowden’s Files Are Out There if ‘Anything Happens’ to Him.” The Daily Beast. June 25, 2013. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/06/25/greenwald-snowden-sfiles-are-out-there-if-anything-happens-to-him.html.

  85 Cf. 8.83

  86 Miller, John. “Inside the NSA.” 60 Minutes. Dec. 15, 2013. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-speaks-out-on-snowden-spying/.

  87 Hosenball, Mark. “Laptops Snowden took to Hong Kong, Russia were a ‘diversion.’” Reuters. Oct. 11, 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/11/us-usa-security-snowden-idUSBRE99A0LK20131011.

  88 Jennett, Greg. “Inquiry launched into claim of bugging Labor MP.” ABC. Apr. 30, 2003. http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2003/s844047.htm.

  89 Veness, Peter. “Police raid home of Canberra Times journalist Philip Dorling.” The Herald Sun. Sept. 23, 2008. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/story/0,21985,24389814-661,00.html.

  90 Personal correspondence with the author, October 7 and October 18, 2013.

  91 Dorling, Philip. “Australian spies in global deal to tap undersea cables.” The Age. Aug. 29, 2013. http://www.theage.com.au/technology/technology-news/australian-spies-in-global-deal-to-tap-undersea-cables20130828-2sr58.html.

  92 Timberg, Craig and Barton Gellman. “NSA paying U.S. companies for access to communications networks.” The Washington Post. Aug. 29, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsapaying-us-companies-for-access-to-communications-networks/2013/08/29/5641a4b6-10c2-11e3-bdf6-e4fc677d94a1_story.html.

  93 DeLong, Matt. “Inside the 2013 U.S. intelligence ‘black budget.’” The Washington Post. Aug. 29, 2013. http://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/national/inside-the-2013-us-intelligence-black-budget/420/.

  94 Poitras, Laura, et al. “How the NSA Targets Germany and Europe.” Der Spiegel. July 1, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/secret-documents-nsa-targeted-germany-and-eu-buildings-a-9086093.html.<
br />
  95 Gellman, Barton and Greg Miller. “U.S. spy network’s successes, failures and objectives detailed in ‘black budget’ summary.” The Washington Post. Aug. 29, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/nationalsecurity/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successesfailures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cddbcdc09410972_story.html.

  96 Cf. 8.5

  97 Broder, John and Scott Shane. “For Snowden, a Life of Ambition, Despite the Drifting.” The New York Times. June 15, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/us/for-snowden-a-life-of-ambitiondespite-the-drifting.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.

  98 Gallagher, Sean. “As DefCon asks Feds to take ‘time-out,’ Black Hat welcomes NSA chief.” Ars Technica. July 11, 2013. http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/07/as-defcon-asks-feds-to-take-time-outblack-hat-welcomes-nsa-chief/.

  99 Zaretsky, Staci. “Lawyers Rank Near the Top for Best-Paid Careers in America.” AboveTheLaw.com. July 3, 2012. http://abovethelaw.com/2012/07/lawyers-rank-near-the-top-for-best-paid-careers-in-america/.

  100 Whitlock, Craig and Barton Gellman. “To hunt Osama bin Laden, satellites watched over Abbottabad, Pakistan, and Navy SEALs.” The Washington Post. Aug. 29, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/to-hunt-osama-bin-laden-satellites-watchedover-abbottabad-pakistan-and-navy-seals/2013/08/29/8d32c1d6-10d511e3-b4cb-fd7ce041d814_story.html.

  101 Gellman, Barton and Ellen Nakashima. “U.S. spy agencies mounted 231 offensive cyber-operations in 2011, documents show.” The Washington Post. Aug. 30, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/nationalsecurity/us-spy-agencies-mounted-231-offensive-cyber-operations-in2011-documents-show/2013/08/30/d090a6ae-119e-11e3-b4cbfd7ce041d814_story.html.

  102 Der Spiegel. “Snowden Document: NSA Spied On Al Jazeera Communications.” Der Spiegel. Aug. 31, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nsa-spied-on-al-jazeera-communications-snowdendocument-a-919681.html.

  103 Leonnig, Carol, et al. “U.S. intelligence agencies spend millions to hunt for insider threats, document shows.” The Washington Post. Sept. 1, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/us-intelligence-agenciesspend-millions-to-hunt-for-insider-threats-document-shows/2013/09/01/c6ab6c74-0ffe-11e3-85b6-d27422650fd5_story.html.

  104 The White House. “Presidential Memorandum — National Insider Threat Policy and Minimum Standards for Executive Branch Insider Threat Programs.” The White House of the United States. Nov. 21, 2012. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/11/21/presidentialmemorandum-national-insider-threat-policy-and-minimum-stand.

  105 Whitlock, Craig and Barton Gellman. “U.S. documents detail al-Qaeda’s efforts to fight back against drones.” The Washington Post. Sept. 3, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/usdocuments-detail-al-qaedas-efforts-to-fight-back-against-drones/2013/09/03/b83e7654-11c0-11e3-b630-36617ca6640f_story.html.

  106 The Washington Post. “Tracking America’s drone war.” The Washington Post. Oct. 23, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/trackingamericas-drone-war/2012/10/23/b16c0106-1d52-11e2-9cd5b55c38388962_graphic.html.

  107 Miller, Greg, et al. “Top-secret U.S. intelligence files show new levels of distrust of Pakistan.” The Washington Post. Sept. 2, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/top-secret-usintelligence-files-show-new-levels-of-distrust-of-pakistan/2013/09/02/e19d03c2-11bf-11e3-b630-36617ca6640f_story.html?wprss=rss_nationalsecurity.

  108 Der Spiegel. “’Success Story’: NSA Targeted French Foreign Ministry.” Der Spiegel. Sept. 1, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nsa-targeted-french-foreign-ministry-a-919693.html.

  109 Fantastico. “Documentos revelam esquema de agência dos EUA para espionar Dilma.” Fantastico. Sept. 1, 2013. http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2013/09/documentos-revelam-esquema-de-agenciados-eua-para-espionar-dilma-rousseff.html.

  110 Romero, Simon and Randal Archibold. “Brazil Angered Over Report N.S.A. Spied on President.” The New York Times. Sept. 2, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/03/world/americas/brazil-angered-overreport-nsa-spied-on-president.html?_r=3&%20(http://cryptome.org/2013/09/nsa-spying-brazil.htm&.

  111 Kusnetz, Nicholas and Karen Weise. “A Reading List to Put the WikiLeaks ‘War Logs’ in Context.” ProPublica. July 26, 2010. http://www.propublica.org/article/A-Reading-List-to-Put-the-WikiLeaks-WarLogs-in-Context.

  112 Kissane, Erin, et al. “ProPublica’s Jeff Larson on the NSA Crypto Story.” Source. Sept. 6, 2013. http://source.mozillaopennews.org/en-US/articles/propublicas-jeff-larson-nsa-crypto-story/.

  113 Ball, James, et al. “Revealed: how US and UK spy agencies defeat internet privacy and security.” The Guardian. Sept. 5, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/05/nsa-gchq-encryptioncodes-security.

  114 McCullagh, Declan and Anne Broache. “Security firms on police spyware, in their own words.” CNet. July 17, 2007. http://news.cnet.com/2100-7348_3-6196990.html.

  115 Internet archive. Man-in-the-Middle slide. DocumentCloud. Dec. 16, 2013. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/785152-166819124-mitmgoogle.html.

  116 Peterson, Andrea. “Post reporter: Here’s why we refused the NSA’s demand to censor the names of PRISM companies.” The Washington Post. Oct. 9, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2013/10/09/heres-why-we-refused-the-nsas-demand-to-censor-thenames-of-prism-companies/.

  117 Larson, Jeff, et al. “Revealed: The NSA’s Secret Campaign to Crack, Undermine Internet Security.” ProPublica. Sept. 5, 2013. http://www.propublica.org/article/the-nsas-secret-campaign-to-crackundermine-internet-encryption.

  118 Perlroth, Nicole, et al. “N.S.A. Able to Foil Basic Safeguards of Privacy on Web.” The New York Times. Sept. 5, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/06/us/nsa-foils-much-internet-encryption.html?_r=1&.

  119 Zetter, Kim. “Router Flaw Is a Ticking Bomb.” Wired. Aug. 1, 2005. http://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2005/08/68365?currentPage=all.

  120 Poitras, Laura and Jacob Appelbaum. “Edward Snowden Interview: The NSA and Its Willing Helpers.” Der Spiegel. July 8, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-whistlebloweredward-snowden-on-global-spying-a-910006.html.

  121 Cf. 8.14

  122 Watts, Jonathan. “NSA accused of spying on Brazilian oil company Petrobras.” The Guardian. Sept. 9, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/09/nsa-spying-brazil-oil-petrobras.

  123 Cf. 8.122

  124 Cf. 8.115

  125 Lederman, Josh. “Obama talks with Mexico, Brazil leaders on NSA.” The Big Story. Sept. 6, 2013. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/obama-talksmexico-brazil-leaders-nsa.

  126 Reuters. “Obama and Rousseff meet in Russia after disclosure of alleged U.S. spying.” Reuters. Sept. 6, 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/06/us-usa-security-snowden-brazil-idUSBRE98505220130906.

  127 Reuters. “Dilma Rousseff Cancels U.S. Trips Over Claims Of NSA Spying On Brazil’s President.” Reuters. Sept. 17, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/17/rouseff-cancels-ustrip_n_3941973.html.

  128 Cf. 8.110

  129 Brooks, Bradley. “Rousseff wants Web servers to be housed in Brazil.” Yahoo. Sept. 12, 2013. http://news.yahoo.com/rousseff-wants-servershoused-brazil-235521587.html.

  130 Cf. 8.129

  131 Rosenbach, Marcel. “iSpy: How the NSA Accesses Smartphone Data.” Der Spiegel. Sept. 9, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/how-the-nsa-spies-on-smartphones-including-the-blackberry-a921161.html.

  132 Svensson, Peter. “Smartphones now outsell ‘dumb’ phones.” 3News. Apr. 29, 2013. http://www.3news.co.nz/Smartphones-now-outselldumb-phones/tabid/412/articleID/295878/Default.aspx.

  133 Kravets, David. “Mobile ‘Rootkit’ Maker Tries to Silence Critical Android Dev.” Wired. Nov. 22, 2011. http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/11/rootkit-brouhaha/.

  134 Chen, Brian. “Programmer Raises Concerns About Phone-Monitoring Software.” The New York Times. Dec. 1, 2011. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/programmer-raises-concernsabout-phone-
monitoring-software/.

  135 Priest, Dana. “NSA growth fueled by need to target terrorists.” The Washington Post. July 21, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-growth-fueled-by-need-to-targetterrorists/2013/07/21/24c93cf4-f0b1-11e2-bed3b9b6fe264871_story.html.

  136 Zetter, Kim. “Researcher: Middle East BlackBerry update spies on users.” Wired. July 15, 2009. http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2009-07/15/researcher-says-middle-east-blackberry-update-spies-on-users.

  137 Kaplan, Lewis. Court opinion on United States District Court v. John Tomero, et al. Politech: Politics & Technology. Nov. 27, 2006. http://www.politechbot.com/docs/fbi.ardito.roving.bug.opinion.120106.txt.

  138 Der Spiegel. Three NSA smartphone surveillance slides. Der Spiegel. Dec. 16, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-galleryspying-on-smartphones-fotostrecke-101201.html.

  139 Rodriguez, Salvador. “Unlocking smartphones without permission illegal after Friday.” Los Angeles Times. Jan. 25, 2013. http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/25/business/la-fi-tn-unlock-phone-illegal20130125.

  AFTERWORD

  1 Ed. William Temple Franklin. Charleston: Nabu Press, 2010.

  2 Lanchester, John. “The Snowden files: why the British public should be worried about GCHQ.” The Guardian. Oct. 3, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/03/edward-snowden-filesjohn-lanchester.

  3 Cf. A.2

  4 Department of Homeland Security. “Analyst’s Desktop Binder.” Epic. 2011. https://epic.org/foia/epic-v-dhs-media-monitoring/Analyst-Desktop-Binder-REDACTED.pdf.

  5 The White House. “Daily Briefing by the Press Secretary, 9/30/13.” The White House of the United States. Sept. 30, 2013. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/09/30/daily-briefing-presssecretary-93013.

  6 Risen, James and Laura Poitras. “N.S.A. Gathers Data on Social Connections of U.S. Citizens.” The New York Times. Sept. 28, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/29/us/nsa-examines-social-networks-ofus-citizens.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all.

  7 Savage, Charlie. “In Test Project, N.S.A. Tracked Cellphone Locations.” The New York Times. Oct. 2, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/03/us/nsa-experiment-traced-us-cellphone-locations.html?_r=1&.