by Adam Cohen
40. CD, 8/17/57; CT, 9/5/57.
41. Ralph, Northern Protest, p. 240; Reed, The Chicago NAACP, pp. 162–163; Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, pp. 260–261; Reed, Chicago NAACP, p. 166.
42. “Open Letter to Congressman William L. Dawson,” from the Executive Committee of Chicago Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 8/29/56, in possession of the authors.
43. Wilson, Negro Politics, pp. 63–64; CD, 12/14/57; Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 270; Reed, The Chicago NAACP, p. 189.
44. Reed, The Chicago NAACP, pp. 182, 189; Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, pp. 261–264; Wilson, Negro Politics, p. 64.
45. Hirsch, Making the Second Ghetto, p. 139.
46. Sinkevitch, AIA Guide to Chicago, pp. 418–419; Horwitt, Let Them Call Me Rebel, p. 369.
47. Winger, “Unwelcome Neighbors,” Chicago History, spring and summer 1992, pp. 56–73; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 13; Hirsch, Making the Second Ghetto, pp. 137, 135–136, 152, 153.
48. Julian Levi Oral History by Daniel Meyer, Special Collections Library, University of Chicago, pp. 46–47; Leon Despres Oral History, p. 41, Leon Despres Papers, Chicago Historical Society; Hirsch, Making the Second Ghetto, p. 167; Anthony Downs, interview with the authors.
49. NYT, 11/1/59; Horwitt, Let Them Call Me Rebel, p. 370; NYT, 11/1/59; Hirsch, Making the Second Ghetto, p. 161.
50. Hirsch, Making the Second Ghetto, p. 162; Rossi and Dentler, The Politics of Urban Renewal, pp. 264–65; Reed, The Chicago NAACP, p. 195.
51. Julian Levi Oral History, p. 81; Julian Levi, interview with the authors; Msgr. John Egan, interview with the authors; Rossi and Dentler, The Politics of Urban Renewal, pp. 253–263; Leon Despres Oral History, Joseph Regenstein Library, Department of Special Collections, University of Chicago, p. 39; Hirsch, Making the Second Ghetto, pp. 161–165, 255–260; Rossi and Dentler, The Politics of Urban Renewal, pp. 225–239; Baron, “Planning . . . in Black and White,” in Chicago Urban League, The Racial Aspects of Urban Planning, 1968, n.p.
52. Fremon, Chicago Politics Ward by Ward, p. 204; CT, 3/5/58; CT, 4/16/58; CT, 4/22/58.
53. Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, pp. 234; Grimshaw, Bitter Fruit, p. 109; Cooper, South Side Boss, pp. 78–79.
54. Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, pp. 235–236; Ira Dawson, interview with the authors.
55. Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 235; Grimshaw, Bitter Fruit, p. 109; Cooper, South Side Boss, p. 81; Grimshaw, Bitter Fruit, p. 87.
Chapter 6. Make No Little Plans
1. Miller, Here’s the Deal, p. 13; Mayer and Wade, Chicago: Growth of a Metropolis, p. 280; Sinkevitch, AIA Guide to Chicago, pp. 15–16.
2. CST, 8/23/58.
3. Banfield and Clark, Fort Dearborn, p. 1; Department of City Planning, Development Plan for Central Area of Chicago (1958), p. 4; Banfield and Clark, Fort Dearborn, p. 2; Development Plan, p. 26.
4. Tom Cokins, interview with the authors.
5. Development Plan, pp. 7, 21; Anthony Downs, interview with the authors.
6. Rubloff Papers, Box 7, Folder 4, Chicago Historical Society; Development Plan, p. 1.
7. Wilson, When Work Disappears, p. 13.
8. Mayer and Wade, Chicago: Growth of a Metropolis, p. 406; CST, 7/1/65; Massey and Denton, American Apartheid, p. 50.
9. McGreevy, American Catholics, pp. 109, 119; Chicago Commission on Human Relations, “Panic Peddling by Real Estate Brokers and Salesmen,” in James Murray Files, Chicago Historical Society, Box 233; Massey and Denton, American Apartheid, p. 38; Horwitt, Let Them Call Me Rebel, p. 358.
10. CST, 7/1/65; Hauser, “Statement on the Chicago Housing Authority Proposal for Dispersed Public Housing in Chicago,” 3/11/71, on file with the authors.
11. Gunther, Inside U.S.A., p. 384; Ralph, Northern Protest, p. 48; Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, p. 328; Wilson, When Work Disappears, p. 35.
12. Horwitt, Let Them Call Me Rebel, pp. 358–359, 426, 433.
13. Anthony Downs, interview with the authors; Horwitt, Let Them Call Me Rebel, p. 346.
14. CT, 10/31/58.
15. CT, 10/15/58; CT, 10/14/58; CT, 11/5/58; Fremon, Chicago Politics Ward by Ward, p. 246.
16. William Daley, interview with the authors; Rosen, Decision-Making, p. 30; William Stratton, interview with the authors; CT, 9/2/58.
17. CT, 9/4/58; Rosen, Decision-Making, p. 28.
18. Rosen, Decision-Making, pp. 43–47.
19. Rosen, Decision-Making, p. 51; CT, 2/20/59; CT, 2/24/59.
20. Fremon, Chicago Politics Ward by Ward, p. 187; Rosen, Decision-Making, p. 67.
21. CT, 12/8/59; Rosen, Decision-Making, pp. 67–69, 72; CT, 5/19/59.
22. CT, 4/14/59; CT, 4/15/59; see generally Bowly, The Poorhouse; Rosen, Decision-Making, pp. 81–84.
23. Rosen, Decision-Making, p. 81; CT, 5/27/59.
24. Rosen, Decision-Making, p. 111.
25. Rosen, Decision-Making, pp. 114–116.
26. CT, 3/21/61; CT, 4/19/61; CT, 4/20/61.
27. CT, 3/31/61.
28. CT, 4/20/61.
29. William Daley, interview with the authors; CT, 3/23/62; CT, 8/16/62; Rosen, Decision-Making, p. 118.
30. CT, 10/16/62; M.W. Newman, interview with the authors.
31. Rosen, Decision-Making, pp. 129–131.
32. Rosen, Decision-Making, pp. 131–132, 136–139.
33. Doherty, O’Hare, pp. 74–75.
34. Doherty, O’Hare, pp. 73, 76, 83–90.
35. CT, 5/11/55; Doherty, O’Hare, pp. 164, 166, 169, 171; CT, 10/11/55.
36. CT, 3/30/56; CT, 3/28/56; CT, 3/9/56; CT, 4/10/56; Doherty, O’Hare, pp. 118–119, 220.
37. Doherty, O’Hare, p. 242; Doherty, O’Hare, pp. 138–141.
38. Doherty, O’Hare, pp. 193–195, 214, 216; CST, 3/4/58.
39. CT, 3/14/62.
40. NYT, 3/10/62; CT, 3/23/63.
41. CT, 12/12/58.
42. CT, 12/2/58; CT, 12/12/58; CST, 12/11/58.
43. CT, 1/13/59.
44. CT, 1/9/59; CT, 1/20/59.
45. Lens, The Progressive; John Perkins, interview with the authors; Commonweal, April 1971.
46. Biles, Richard J. Daley, pp. 62–63; CT, 2/13/59; O’Connor, Clout, p. 149; CT, 3/17/59.
47. CT, 2/5/59.
48. CT, 1/15/59; CT, 1/29/59; CT, 2/20/59; CT, 3/10/59; CT, 4/2/59.
49. CT, 4/6/59; CT, 3/18/59.
50. CT, 3/1/59; CT, 3/13/59; CT, 4/3/59.
51. CT, 4/7/59.
Chapter 7. Two for You, Three for Me
1. CT, 9/27/58; Lindberg, To Serve and Collect, p. 285; Kennedy, Himself!; CT, 5/8/59.
2. CT, 5/16/59; CT, 11/21/59; CT, 5/18/59.
3. Berkow, Maxwell Street, p. 250; “Daley,” WTTW-TV, 1986; CT, 5/29/59.
4. NYT, 7/7/59; Time, 7/20/59.
5. NYT, 7/17/59; CT, 8/5/59; CT, 10/29/59; CT, 11/4/59; CT, 11/6/59; CT, 11/11/59.
6. CT, 12/31/59; CT, 12/31/59.
7. CT, 12/19/59.
8. CT, 12/18/60; CT, 11/6/59; CT, 12/12/59; CT, 11/7/64; William Daley, interview with the authors.
9. CT, 1/4/60.
10. William Daley, interview with the authors; O’Connor, Clout, p. 150; Kalina, Courthouse, p. 12.
11. CT, 1/10/60; CT, 4/17/60; CT, 8/5/60.
12. Lindberg, To Serve and Collect, p. ix; Royko, Boss, p. 113; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 65.
13. CT, 1/19/60; CT, 1/20/60; CT, 1/21/60.
14. Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 67; CT, 3/5/60; CT, 1/25/60; CT, 1/27/60; CT, 1/24/60.
15. CT, 1/31/60; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 67.
16. CT, 1/20/60; Lindberg, To Serve and Collect, p. 305; CT, 1/23/60.
17. Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 67; CT, 12/19/60; Lindberg, To Serve and Collect, p. 309.
18. NYT, 3/3/60; CT, 2/23/60; Lindberg, To Serve and Collect, p. 307; CT, 3/18/60; CT, 3/14/60; CT, 5/11/60.
19. CT, 2/18/60; CT, 6/29/60; CT, 6/8/60; CT, 6/
22/60.
20. CT, 4/7/60; CT, 4/10/60; CT, 5/12/60.
21. CT, 7/9/60.
22. CT, 7/8/60; Ciccone, Daley, p. 32.
23. CT, 7/11/60; CT, 12/6/60; White, Making of the President 1960, pp. 124, 167.
24. CT, 7/13/60; Ciccone, Daley, p. 44.
25. CT, 9/21/60; CT, 9/20/60; CT, 8/20/60.
26. CT, 11/8/60; Kalina, Courthouse, pp. 77–78; CT, 8/5/60; CT, 9/23/60.
27. Kalina, Courthouse, pp. 62–63, 69; CT, 10/12/60.
28. CT, 10/26/60; CT, 10/29/60; Kennedy, Himself!, p. 181.
29. CT, 10/28/60; Kalina, Courthouse, p. 76.
30. CT, 10/28/60; CT, 10/29/60.
31. Kalina, Courthouse, p. 65; Kennedy, Himself!, p. 181.
32. CT, 11/9/60; O’Connor, Clout, p. 154; Kennedy, Himself!, p. 184; White, The Making of the President 1960, p. 27; O’Donnell and Powers, Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye, pp. 222–224.
33. O’Connor, Clout, pp. 155 58; CT, 11/– 10/60; CT, 11/13/60.
34. Royko, Boss, p. 119; Nixon, Six Crises, p. 391; Kalina, Courthouse, p. 94.
35. Kennedy, Himself!, p. 186; Kalina, Courthouse, p. 94.
36. Kalina, Courthouse, pp. 97–98.
37. Kalina, Courthouse, pp. 99–100; CT, 12/1/60.
38. CT, 11/13/60; CT, 12/3/60.
39. Kalina, Courthouse, pp. 110, 121–122; Fremon, Chicago Politics Ward by Ward, p. 203; CT, 12/1/60.
40. Kalina, Courthouse, pp. 132, 142–143; CT, 8/3/61.
41. Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, p. 224; O’Connor, Clout, pp. 157–158.
42. Kalina, Courthouse, p. 236 (Appendix 4).
43. Andre Foster, interview with the authors.
44. CT, 3/23/72.
45. Erie, Rainbow’s End, p. 11; Kalina, Courthouse, p. 75; Miller, City of the Century, p. 466; Fanning, “The Literary Dimension,” p. 103; Andre Foster, interview with the authors.
46. CT, 3/23/72.
47. Bill Recktenwald, interview with the authors.
48. NYT, 5/17/64.
49. CT, 9/13/72; CT, 9/23/72.
50. CT, 9/14/72; NYWJT, 12/9/66; CT, 3/23/72; CT, 9/16/72.
51. CT, 9/13/72.
52. WP, 11/11/68; CT, 3/24/72; CT, 3/23/72; CT, 9/15/72.
53. Bill Recktenwald, interview with the authors; Andre Foster, interview with the authors; CT, 3/24/72; CT, 3/23/72.
54. Kalina, Courthouse, p. 174.
55. Kalina, Courthouse, pp. 157–158, 183.
56. Kalina, Courthouse, pp. 214–215, 217–218, 220–221.
57. Time, 3/17/61; CT, 2/9/61; Rakove, Don’t Make No Waves, p. 182.
Chapter 8. Beware of the Press, Mayor
1. CT, 1/17/61; CT, 1/22/61; CST, 12/16/60; Wofford, Of Kennedys and Kings, p. 90; Daniel Rostenkowski, interview with the authors; Chester, An American Melodrama, p. 504; Ciccone, Daley, p. 145.
2. CT, 4/21/61.
3. CT, 4/22/61; CT, 4/7/61; CT, 5/11/61; CT, 6/22/61.
4. CT, 3/12/61; CT, 6/6/61; CT, 6/7/61.
5. CT, 12/8/61; CT, 12/2/61.
6. Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, p. 76; Ralph, Northern Protest, p. 14.
7. Remsberg and Remsberg, “Chicago Voices: Tales Told Out of School,” in Mack, Our Children’s Burden, p. 365; Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, pp. 77, 84; Ralph, Northern Protest, pp. 14–15, 77.
8. Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, pp. 89–90; Ralph, Northern Protest, pp. 15-17.
9. Meyer Weinberg, interview with the authors.
10. Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, p. 90.
11. Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, pp. 92, 101.
12. John Perkins, interview with the authors.
13. CT, 11/3/61; Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics , pp. 234–235; CT, 11/1/61.
14. CT, 12/2/61; CT, 1/3/62.
15. CT, 4/5/62; CT, 2/9/62; NYT, 4/12/62; Time, 4/20/62.
16. CT, 6/13/62.
17. CT, 5/9/62; CT, 5/12/62; CT, 6/30/62.
18. CT, 6/7/62; CT, 8/21/62; CT, 8/30/62; CT, 9/19/62.
19. CT, 8/29/62.
20. CT, 9/5/62; CT, 7/14/62.
21. CT, 10/23/62; CT, 11/5/62; CT, 10/11/62; CT, 11/2/62.
22. CT, 11/7/62.
23. Architectural Forum 5, pp. 62, 115–117; Sinkevitch, AIA Guide to Chicago, pp. 20, 34–35, 68, 69, 101, 108–109; CT, 5/12/93; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 47; CT, 6/21/63; CT, 5/24/68.
24. McBrien, The Loop, p. 33; Mayer and Wade, Chicago: Growth of a Metropolis, p. 462; Sinkevitch, AIA Guide to Chicago, p. 366.
25. Rast, Remaking Chicago, p. 31; Wille, At Home in the Loop, pp. 4–6; 1958 Plan, p. 8; Cross, Gilbert, “The House the Janitors Built,” Fortune, 1962; Bertrand Goldberg, interview with the authors; Miller, Here’s the Deal, p. 163.
26. John Perkins, interview with the authors; Edward Marciniak, interview with the authors; Tom Donovan, interview with the authors; CST, Midwest Magazine, 4/19/70; CST, 4/19/70.
27. CT, 1/4/63; CT, 12/9/62; CT, 12/13/62; CT, 12/8/62; CT, 12/15/62.
28. CT, 12/21/62; CT, 12/19/62.
29. CT, 1/12/63.
30. Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 79; CT, 1/2/63.
31. CT, 2/10/63; CT, 1/3/63; Time, 3/15/63.
32. CT, 12/20/63.
33. CT, 3/14/63.
34. CT, 1/7/63.
35. Grimshaw, Bitter Fruit, p. 120; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 79; CT, 3/1/63; Biles, RichardJ. Daley, pp. 79–80; CT, 1/10/63; CT, 5/16/63; CT, /6/63.
36. CT, 4/2/63.
37. CT, 3/20/63; CT, 3/28/63; CT, 3/12/63; CT, 3/20/63.
38. CT, 3/19/63; Doherty, O’Hare, pp. 269–270.
39. Gleason, Daley of Chicago, p. 339; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 82.
40. “The 1966 Bond Issues,” p. 4, in Jim Murray Papers, Box 233-327, Chicago Historical Society; Hirsch, Chicago, p. 81.
41. CD, 6/15/63; CD, 5/11/63.
42. Time, 7/12/63, p.19.
43. CT, 7/5/63; Time, 4/12/63; Edward Marciniak, interview with the authors.
44. Edward Marciniak, interview with the authors; CD, 7/6/63.
45. NYT, 4/5/63; CD, 7/6/63; Time, 7/12/63.
46. CT, 7/7/63; NYT, 7/23/63; NYT, 7/18/63; NYT, 8/23/63; Ralph, Northern Protest, p. 26.
47. Grimshaw, Bitter Fruit, p. 103; CT, 7/13/63; CT, 7/12/63; CT, 8/24/63.
48. Rakove, We Don’t Want, p. 253; James Murray, interview with the authors; CT, 9/13/63.
49. CT, 7/22/63; CT, 8/2/63; CT, 8/17/63; NYT, 8/26/63.
50. Ira Dawson, interview with the authors; Meyer Weinberg, interview with the authors.
51. Remsberg, Chicago Voices, p. 285; Ralph, Northern Protest, p. 20; Meyer Weinberg, interview with authors; Weinberg and Rich, A Report on Official Segregation in Chicago Public Schools by Coordinating Council of Community Organizations, 7/27/65; CT, 3/6/66.
52. Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 316; CT, 8/21/63; CT, 10/4/63; CT, 10/10/63; Ralph, Northern Protest, p. 20; Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, pp. 117, 150.
53. Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, pp. 313–314; NYT, 10/24/63.
54. NYT, 11/23/63; CT, 11/24/63.
55. William Daley, interview with the authors; CT, 7/23/63; CT, 7/17/63; Ciccone, Daley, p. 173; NYT, 11/17/63.
56. CT, 8/24/63; CT, 12/8/63; CT, 10/2/63; CT, 11/30/63.
57. CT, 1/30/64; CT, 4/2/64; CT, 4/1/64; CT, 4/9/64.
58. CT, 1/3/64; CT, 11/13/63; Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, p. 123; O’Connor, Requiem, p. 27.
59. Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, pp. 316–317; CT, 2/4/64; Usdan and Lee, Anatomy of a Compromise, p. 35.
60. CT, 2/26/64.
61. Usdan and Lee, Anatomy of a Compromise, p. 40; Report to the Board of Education City of Chicago by the Advisory Panel on Integration of the Public Schools, 3/31/64, pp. 6, 42; Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, p. 134.
62. Travis, Autobiography of Black Politics, pp. 2
52, 322; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 100; CST, 6/15/69.
63. Walter Heller, Memorandum of Conversation, 11/23/63, Heller Papers, Kennedy Library; Time, 5/13/66, p. 25; Diary of Lady Bird Johnson, April 23, 1964, Johnson Library, Austin, Texas; Goodwin, Remembering America, p. 270.
64. Manchester, The Glory and the Dream, p. 1042.
65. Conversation of Lyndon. B. Johnson and Sargent Shriver, 2/1/64, in Beschloss, White House Tapes, p. 209; Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, p. 168; Time, 5/13/66.
66. Anderson and Pickering, Confronting the Color Line, p. 170; Piven and Cloward, Regulating the Poor, p. 270; Moynihan, Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding, pp. 91, 131–32; Time, “War on Poverty,” p. 28.
67. CT, 2/5/66; Rakove, Don’t Make No Waves, p. 62; Halberstam, “Daley of Chicago.”
68. Time, 7/16/65; Patterson, America’s Struggle Against Poverty, pp. 145–146; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 105; House Committee on Education and Labor, p. 768.
69. NYT, 4/14/65; Biles, Richard J. Daley, pp. 104–105.
70. CT, 3/10/66; CT, 4/15/65; CT, 4/14/63; CT, 6/8/66.
71. CT, 5/18/64; CT, 5/20/64.
72. CT, 7/15/64; CT, 7/16/64; CT, 5/15/64; CT, 5/1/64.
73. CT, 8/24/64.
74. Wilson and Ferris (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, p. 211; Garrow, Bearing the Cross, pp. 346–347; Mann, The Walls of Jericho, p. 438.
75. Department of Civil Rights, Chicago Commission on Human Relations, “Report on 3309 South Lowe Avenue,” Murray Papers, Chicago Historical Society.
76. CT, 10/7/64; Department of Civil Rights, Chicago Commission on Human Relations, “Report on 3309 South Lowe Avenue,” Murray Papers, Chicago Historical Society; Biles, Richard J. Daley, p. 101.
77. CT, 9/15/64; CT, 10/20/64; NYT, 10/31/64; CT, 10/31/64; Ciccone, Daley, pp. 187–188; CT, 11/2/64.
78. CST, 11/22/64.
79. CT, 11/17/64; CT, 11/18/64; CT, 11/21/64; CT, 10/22/64.
80. CT, 11/24/64; CT, 4/21/65; Daley F.B.I. Files, Correlation Summary, p. 24; Daley F.B.I. Files, “Memorandum to Mr Belmont Re: Mayor Richard J. Daley.”
Chapter 9. We’re Going to Have a Movement in Chicago
1. Usdan and Lee, Anatomy of a Compromise, p. 66; CT, 1/18/65.
2. Statement by C. H. Adams III at Citizens’ Schools Committee, Panel Session, 11/19/64, in C. H. Adams Papers, Chicago Historical Society, Box 6; Usdan and Lee, Anatomy of a Compromise, p. 74; CT, 5/14/65.
