Built
Page 23
National Taps, Singapore here
Native Americans here
Nature, biomimicry here, here, here
navvies here
Neolithic man here
Nero, Emperor here, here
New York here, here, here Brooklyn Bridge here, here, here, here, here
Empire State Building here, here
Hearst Tower here, here
432 Park Avenue here
World Trade Center here, here
New York Bridge Company here
New York Herald here
New York Star here
New York World’s Fair (1853) here
NEWater here
Newcastle, Northumbria University Footbridge here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Newton, Isaac here, here third law of motion here, here, here
newtons here
Niederfinow Boat Lift here
night soil trade here
Nightingale, Florence here
Nineveh here
Norse mythology here
Northumbria University Footbridge, Newcastle here, here, here, here, here, here, here
octopuses here
oculus (opening) here, here, here, here
Old London Bridge here, here
opus caementicium here
Osaka here
osmosis here, here, here
Otis, Elisha here, here, here, here, here, here
Ottoman Empire here
Ovando-Shelley Dr Efraín here, here
Oxford University here
oxidation here
oxygen, Bessemer Process here
paint, intumescent here
Pakistan here
Palazzo Vecchio, Florence here
Palm Jumeirah, Dubai here
Pantheon, Rome here, here, here, here, here
parabolic cables here
Paris here Centre Pompidou here, here, here, here
Eiffel Tower here, here, here
Paris Exposition (1867) here
432 Park Avenue, Manhattan here
Parker, John here, here
Parthenon, Athens here
patterned loading here
pendulums earthquake protection here, here, here, here
Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City here, here
penthouses here
Percival, Lt-General Arthur here
periodic table here
Persia here, here
Peter of Colechurch here
Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur here, here
Philadelphia here
Phoenicians here
phosphorus here, here
Piano, Renzo here
piers, bridges here, here
piledrivers here, here
piles here, here, here, here, here, here
Pillar, Iron (Delhi) here, here, here, here
pipes, robots checking here
Pisa, Leaning Tower of here, here
plaster here, here
plaster of Paris here
Plataea here, here
Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis here
Plutarch’s Lives here
pneumatic caissons here
polyethylene (PE) formwork here
polypropylene (PP) formwork here
polystyrene blocks, formwork here
polyvinylidene fluoride here
Pompeii here, here
Pompidou Centre, Paris here, here, here, here
Pont d’Avignon here
Pont du Gard aqueduct here, here
Ponte Vecchio, Florence here
The Pontoon here, here, here
potholes here
pozzolana here, here
Pratt trusses here
prefabrication here, here
prehistoric buildings here
Propylaea, Athens here
Public Utilities Board, Singapore here
pulleys here, here, here, here, here
pumping stations, sewers here, here
Purnell, Phil here
pyramids here, here, here, here, here, here
qanat (water system) here
Quadracci Pavilion, Milwaukee Art Museum here
quadripartite arches here, here
quartz here
Quebec Bridge here, here, here
Quebec City here
Qutb complex, Delhi here, here
Rael, Ronald here
Raffles, Sir Stamford here
raft foundations here, here
railways here, here, here, here
rainwater here, here, here, here
recycling waste water here
Regent’s Canal, London here
reinforced concrete here, here
Renaissance here, here
Rennie, John here
repairs, future possibilities here
reservoirs here, here
resonance here, here, here, here, here
reverse osmosis here, here, here
rice here
Richard the Raker here
rivers untreated sewage in here, here, here, here
see also bridges
road repairs here
robots here, here, here
rocks, formation of clay here
Roebling, Emily Warren here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Roebling, John Augustus here, here, here, here
Roebling, Washington here, here, here
Rogers, Richard here
Romans here aqueducts here, here, here
arches here, here, here, here, here
Basilica Cistern, Istanbul here, here
bricks here, here, here
bridges here, here
columns here
concrete here, here, here, here, here, here, here
cranes here, here, here
fires here
foundations here, here
insulae (apartment buildings) here, here
iron here
on materials here
mortars here
‘Tower of the Winds’, Athens here, here
Rome here, here Colosseum here, here, here
Forum here, here
Pantheon here, here, here, here, here
Ronan Point, Canning Town, London here, here, here, here, here, here
rope bridges here, here
ropes, pulleys here
rotating bridges here, here
Rotherhithe, London here
rubber bands here, here
rubber bearings here, here
rust here, here
safety, skyscrapers here, here
sailing here
Saint Lawrence River here, here
30 St Mary Axe, London (The Gherkin) here, here, here, here
St Mary’s Church, Rotherhithe, London here
St Mary’s Church, Stralsund here
St Pancras Renaissance Hotel, London here
Salamis, Battle of (480 BC) here
salty water desalination plants here
reverse osmosis here, here, here
San Francisco here
sand, tunnelling into here
sanitation here, here, here, here
Saudi Arabia here
Scotland Falkirk Wheel here, here
Forth Bridge here
Tay Bridge collapse here
Scott, George Gilbert here
sea urchins here
Second World War here, here, here, here
sedimentary rocks here
‘self-healing’ concrete here
Sennacherib, King here
sewers here, here, here, here
Shanghai here
The Shard, London here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Sheffield here
Sherlock Holmes (film) here
The Shield (tunnel-boring machine) here, here, here
Shinto here
ships see boats
shipworms here, here, here
shock absorbers, earthquake protection here
silicates, in concrete here
silicon here, here
silk bridge here, here
Singapore here
skulls, birds here
skyscrapers basements here, here
Burj Khalifa, Dubai here, here, here
concrete in here, here, here, here, here, here, here
core here, here, here, here, here
elevators here, here
escape routes here, here
exoskeletons here, here, here, here, here, here, here
explosions in here, here
fires here
first skyscrapers here
height here, here, here
mega-skyscrapers here, here
piles here
prefabrication here, here
The Shard, London here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
slenderness ratios here
stability systems here, here
steel in here, here
substructure here
sway here, here, here, here
and winds here
slenderness ratios, skyscrapers here
Snow, Dr John here
Soho, London here
soils piles in here
subsidence here
under London here
water table here
Spain here
Spanish Pavilion, World Expo (2010) here
Sparta here
Spartacus here
spiders, silk bridge here, here
springs, wagon here, here
stability systems, skyscrapers here, here
stairs here, here
starlings (artificial islands) here, here
steel here beams here, here, here, here
Bessemer Process here, here
bridges here
columns here
core of skyscraper here, here, here, here
ductility here
exoskeletons here, here
in fires here, here, here
frame structures here
hot-working here, here
piles here
reinforcing concrete with here, here, here
rust here
thermal expansion here
trusses here
waste materials here
Stewart, James here
stone bridge-building here
constructing arches here
load-bearing structures here
Stralsund here
Strasbourg Cathedral here
straw, reinforcing mud with here
Strépy-Thieu boat lift here
stress-ribbon bridges here, here
struts here
Stuttgart here
subsidence here, here
substructure piles here, here
skyscrapers here
suspension bridges here, here, here, here
sway, skyscrapers here, here, here, here
Sydney Harbour Bridge here, here, here
Syria here, here
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Washington here
Taipei 101 tower here, here, here, here
Taiwan here
Taj Mahal, Agra here
Tamil Nadu here
Tarn valley here
Tay Bridge here
Tebitu, River here
temperature bridges and here
reinforced concrete and here
Tenochtitlan here, here
tension here, here beams here
brick structures here
cable-stayed bridges here, here, here
concrete and here, here
domes here, here
metals here
reinforced concrete here, here
skyscraper cores here
stress-ribbon bridges here
suspension bridges here
Teotihuacan here
Teredo navalis (shipworm) here
termite mounds here, here
Texcoco, Lake here, here
Thales here
Thames, River Bazalgette’s sewers here, here
New London Bridge here, here
Old London Bridge here, here
sewage in here
Thames Tideway Tunnel here, here, here
Thames Tunnel Company here, here, here
thermal coefficients, reinforced concrete here
Thrace here, here
Three Gorges Dam here
tie-systems here
timber see wood
toilets here, here, here
Tokugawa shogunate here
Tokyo here, here
top-down construction method here, here, here
Tornado Tower, Doha here
Torre Latinoamericana, Mexico City here
Torre Mayor skyscraper, Mexico City here, here
toughness, spider silk here
Tower Hamlets, London here
Tower of London here
towers cable-stayed bridges here, here
suspension bridges here, here
‘Tower of the Winds’, Athens here, here
and winds here
see also skyscrapers
treadwheels here
Treasury (UK) here
trees here, here, here, here
Trevithick, Richard here
triangles, trusses here, here, here
Triton here
trusses here, here, here
Tuas here
Tube, London here, here, here, here
tubular system, exoskeletons here
tuff here
tuned mass dampers here, here, here, here, here
tuning forks here
tunnels kariz (water system) here, here
Thames Tideway Tunnel here, here, here
Thames Tunnel here, here, here, here
tunnel boring machines (TBMs) here, here
Turkey here, here, here, here
turtles here, here
typhoons here
UN-Habitat here
underground railways here, here, here, here
underground structures here
underwater structures here, here
Union Canal, Scotland here
United States Supreme Court Building, Washington here
University of California, Berkeley here
Urban VIII, Pope here
Utica here
vaults, quadripartite here, here
Vauxhall Bridge, London here, here
Velcro here
ventilation systems here, here, here, here
Vertigo (film) here
Vesuvius, Mount here, here
vibrations bridges here
earthquakes here
frequency here
Victorian architecture here
Vierendeel trusses here
Vishnu, Lord here
Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus here, here De Architectura here, here, here, here, here
volcanoes here
wagon springs here, here
walls, wattle and daub here
Wapping, London here
War Office (British) here
Warren, Gouverneur K. here
Warren trusses here
waste disposal here, here, here, here
water here aqueducts here, here, here
aquifers here, here
bridge foundations here, here, here
canals here, here
cisterns here, here
cofferdams here, here
concrete-making here, here
desalination plants here
floods here
inJapan here
kariz here, here
in London here, here
osmosis here, here, here
rainwater here, here, here, here
recycling here
reservoirs here, here
in Singapore here
waste water here, here, here, here
water pipes here, here
water table here
wattle and daub here
Wayss, Gustav Adolf here
webs, spiders’ here, here
weight and friction here
gravity and here
pulleys here
weirs here
wells here, here
Westminster, London here
Wheel, Falkirk here, here
Wikipedia here
Willis, Bruce here
wind here, here
wind maps here
wind tunnels here, here
windlasses here, here, here
windows, insulae here, here
women engineers here, here, here
wood bridges here
centering here, here, here
early houses here, here
formwork here
piles here, here, here
shipworms here
wattle and daub here
Woolwich Dockyard here
World Expo (2010) here
World Health Organization here
World Trade Center, New York here, here
World’s Fair, New York (1853) here
wrought iron here
Wuhan Greenland Centre here
Xerxes, King of Persia here, here
Zimbabwe here
A NOTE ON THE AUTHOR
Roma Agrawal is a structural engineer who builds big. From footbridges and sculptures, to train stations and skyscrapers – including The Shard – she has left an indelible mark on London’s landscape.
Roma is a tireless promoter of engineering and technical careers to young people, particularly under-represented groups such as women. She has advised policymakers and governments on science education, and has given talks to thousands worldwide at universities, schools and organisations, including two for TEDx. She is a television presenter, and writes articles about engineering, education and leadership.
Roma has been awarded international awards for her technical prowess and success in promoting the profession of engineering, including the prestigious Royal Academy of Engineering’s Rooke Award.
Built is her first book.
www.RomaTheEngineer.com
@RomaTheEngineer
PRAISE FOR BUILT
‘A wonderfully absorbing book about an engineer and her passion for construction.’
Professor Mark Miodownik, materials engineer, broadcaster and author of Stuff Matters
‘Roma makes the complex principles of structural engineering accessible to everyone with clear explanations and engaging illustrations. It has made me suddenly look at every building I pass in a new way.’
Ellen Stofan, former Chief Scientist at NASA
‘A charming tribute to one woman’s love of engineering. Full of fascinating facts and personal stories.’