The End of Men and the Rise of Women

by Hanna Rosin

  a comprehensive 2006 study by the National Institute of Child Health: “The NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development: Findings for Children up to Age 4 1/2 Years,” National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, January 2006. http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/upload/seccyd_051206.pdf.

  : points out that a father’s involvement is the critical factor: Sharon Meers and Joanna Strober, Getting to 50/50: How Working Couples Can Have It All by Sharing It All (New York: Bantam Dell, 2009).

  a massive Department of Education study, a child’s grades: “Fathers’ Involvement in Their Children’s Schools,” National Center for Education Statistics 98-091, September 1997, http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/fathers/.

  memorable phrase “Don’t leave before you leave”: Sheryl Sandberg, “Why We Have Too Few Women Leaders,” TED Talk, December 2010. http://www.ted.com/talks/sheryl_sandberg_why_we_have_too_few_women_leaders.html.

  “There was no having it all”: Barbara Walters, interview with Jane Pauley in 2003, quoted in Pamela Paul, “For Anchorwomen, Family Is Part of the Job,” The New York Times, December 9, 2011.

  as Fox’s Megyn Kelly did: Back from maternity leave on August 8, 2011, Megyn Kelly showed a photograph of her baby daughter, Yardley Evans, to viewers of America Live. Later on the show, she blasted guest Mike Gallagher for having criticized the length of her absence on his radio program, The Mike Gallagher Show.

  Earlier she had squeezed her milk-enhanced boobs: Greg Veis, “She Reports, We Decided She’s Hot,” GQ, December 2010.

  none had quite the wistful tone of this recent one: Amanda Foreman, “Diana’s Real Tragedy? She Married Too Young,” The Lady, June 28, 2011.

  During that hiatus she wrote her best-selling book: Tina Brown, The Diana Chronicles (New York: Broadway Books, 2007).

  A recent McKinsey survey on women and the economy: Joanna Barsh and Lareina Yee, “Unlocking the Full Potential of Women in the U.S. Economy,” McKinsey & Company Special Report, April 2011. http://www.mckinsey.com/Client_Service/Organization/Latest_thinking/Unlocking_the_full_potential.

  THE GOLD MISSES

  ASIAN WOMEN TAKE OVER THE WORLD

  These rules were enshrined: Rosa Kim, “The Legacy of Institutionalized Gender Inequality in South Korea: The Family Law,” Boston College Third World Law Journal 14, no. 1 (1994): 145–162.

  Park Chung-hee began to rebuild Korea’s economy: See Sung-Hee Jwa, The Evolution of Large Corporations in Korea (Cheltenham, UK: Elgar, 2002).

  thirteenth-largest economy in the world: “GDP (Purchasing Power Parity),” CIA World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html.

  private “cram” schools: Margaret Warner, “In Hypercompetitive South Korea, Pressures Mount on Young Pupils,” PBS NewsHour, January 21, 2011. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/education/jan-june11/koreaschools_01-21.html.

  Korea climbed into the top five international rankings: “PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do,” OECD Program for International Student Assessment. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/10/61/48852548.pdf.

  made up 55 percent of those who passed: Choe Sang-Hun, “Korean Women Flock to Government,” The New York Times, March 1, 2010.

  laws were revised: See Kay C. Lee, “Confucian Ethics, Judges, and Women: Divorce Under the Revised Korean Family Law,” Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal 4, no. 2 (1995): 479–503.

  the government abolished: Sanghui Nam, “The Women’s Movement and the Transformation of the Family Law in South Korea. Interactions Between Local, National, and Global Structures,” European Journal of East Asian Studies 9, no. 1 (2010): 67–86.

  about half of all women: Woojin Chung and Monica Das Gupta, “Why Is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? The Role of Development and Public Policy and the Implications for China and India,” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, March 29–31, 2007.

  In Latin American countries: Philip G. Altbach, Liz Reisberg, and Laura E. Rumbley, “Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution,” Report Prepared for the UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education, 2009. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001831/183168e.pdf.

  Latin American companies had fewer women in senior positions: “Women in Senior Management: Still Not Enough,” Grant Thornton International Business Report, 2012. http://www.gti.org/files/ibr2012%20-%20women%20in%20senior%20management%20master.pdf.

  In Spain, some men have found: Albert Esteve, Alberto Del Rey, and Clara Cortina, “Pathways to Family Formation of International Migrants in Spain,” XXVI IUSSP International Population Conference, October 1, 2009. http://iussp2009.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=92078.

  Among the ten countries: “World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision,” UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, April 2011. http://esa.un.org/wpp/Excel-Data/fertility.htm.

  Divorce, still taboo in Asian society: See “Asia’s Lonely Hearts,” The Economist, August 20, 2011. http://www.economist.com/node/21526350.

  King Kong girl (a term invented by French feminist Virginie Despentes): Virginie Despentes, King Kong Theory (New York: Feminist Press at CUNY, 2010).

  “All that glitters is not gold”: Ahn Mi Young, “Poverty May Await S. Korea’s Spendthrift ‘Gold Misses,’” The China Post, August 15, 2009.

  I may be a good employee: Brian Lee, “The Disappearing, Desperate Working Mom,” Korea JoongAng Daily, February 25, 2010.

  “obsessed with having to excel in everything”: “Alpha at Work, Omega at Life: Korea’s Superwomen,” The Chosunilbo, May 23, 2008. http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2008/05/23/2008052361016.html.

  A research team at Harvard Business School: Jordan Siegel, Lynn Pyun, and B. Y. Cheon, “Multinational Firms, Labor Market Discrimination, and the Capture of Competitive Advantage by Exploiting the Social Divide,” HBS Working Paper 11-011, 2010.

  Sixty-one percent of single Japanese men: See “Single Japanese Men: Lonely in a Crowd?” The Wall Street Journal, November 28, 2011.

  ideal of the attractive: Virginie Despentes, King Kong Theory (New York: Feminist Press, 2010) p. 11.

  CONCLUSION

  In 2009, sociologists Carla Shows and Naomi Gerstel: Carla Shows and Naomi Gerstel, “Fathering, Class, and Gender: A Comparison of Physicians and EMTs,” Gender & Society 23, no. 2 (2009): 161–187.

  “encouraging mockery of dads”: Seth Stevenson, “The Reign of the Doltish Dad,” Slate, March 26, 2012.

  The men want children more: Nick McDermott, “Now It’s MEN Who Want to Settle Down Rather Than Women, According to New Research,” The Daily Mail, February 14, 2011.

  “steeped in nostalgia”: Leo Braudy, From Chivalry to Terrorism: War and the Changing Nature of Masculinity (New York: Knopf, 2004; Vintage, 2005), p. 6.

  story for Slate by an American father: Nathan Hegedus, “Snack Bags and a Regular Paycheck: The Happy Life of a Swedish Dad,” Slate, August 31, 2010.

  The Japanese government has recently started: Felicity Hughes, “Ikumen: Raising New Father Figures in Japan,” The Japan Times, August 30, 2011.

  “strong, almost hyper-romantic language to talk about love”: Amy Schalet, “Caring, Romantic American Boys,” The New York Times, April 6, 2012.

  an anthropological study of the worksites: Robin J. Ely and Debra E. Meyerson, “An Organizational Approach to Undoing Gender: The Unlikely Case of Offshore Oil Platforms,” Research in Organizational Behavior 30, no. 30 (2010): 3–34.

  INDEX

  The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.

  Accounting, 108, 118, 124, 226

  Addiction, 46

  drug, 87, 88

  Advanced Placement (AP) exams, 153

  Afghanistan, 42

  Affirmativ
e action, 146, 147

  African-Americans, 53, 94, 101, 147, 155, 157, 180

  college-educated, 89–90, 94

  in manufacturing jobs, 88

  Aggression, 170

  female, 173, 176, 183, 185–87, 189

  male, 174–76

  Alabama, 91–92, 110. See also specific cities, counties, and towns

  Alabama, University of, Huntsville, 178

  Alexander City (Alabama), 79–88, 95, 97–106

  Allen, Woody, 190

  Alvin Ho (Look), 190

  American Council on Education, 155

  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 119

  American Psycho (Ellis), 173

  Anal sex, 17, 27, 42, 44

  Anderson, Sherwood, 128

  Andrews, Steven and Sarah, 70–77

  Apatow, Judd, 56, 138

  Apple, William S., 134

  Arab Spring, 151

  Argentina, 28, 150

  Ark & Pancom, 244

  Armstrong, Elizabeth, 22–25

  Arnett, Will, 265

  Arthur Colton Company, 127–28

  Asian Debate Institute, 231

  Ask For It (Babcock and Laschever), 209

  Atlanta (Georgia), 81

  Atlantic magazine, 14, 160, 221

  Attractiveness, 30, 131, 256

  Auburn (Alabama), 103, 106–10

  Auburn University, 97, 105, 106, 108

  Economic & Community Development Institute, 86

  Austen, Jane, 114

  Australia, 150, 166, 167, 245

  Automatic Pill Making Machines, 127–28

  Auto industry, 87

  Korean, 111, 204, 234, 250

  Autor, David, 87, 125

  Babcock, Linda, 207–9

  Babies, sex preference for, 12–14

  Bahrain, 150

  Bangalore, 193

  Baron-Cohen, Simon, 174, 262

  Baum, Sandy, 158

  Baumbach, Noah, 56

  Baumeister, Roy, 37, 41, 42

  Beauty premium. See Erotic capital

  Beauvoir, Simone de, 1, 11

  Belarus, 237

  Belgium, 55

  Bell Jar, The (Plath), 50

  Bem Sex Role Inventory, 187

  Bem test, 9, 16

  Bend It Like Beckham (movie), 189

  Benjamin Russell High School, 80, 82, 95, 99–102, 105, 106

  Berkshire Hathaway, 81

  Best Buy, 226

  Better Angels of Our Nature, The (Pinker), 174–75

  Beyoncé, 181, 190

  Bible, 75, 97

  Proverbs, 98

  Bieber, Justin, 267

  Big Sort, The (Bishop), 87

  Birmingham (Alabama), 104

  Bishop, Amy, 178

  Bishop, Bill, 87

  Black Widows of Chechnya, 184

  Blue-collar jobs, 57. See also Working class

  Bobbitt, Lorena, 178

  Bogle, Kathleen, 20–21

  Boomerang (Lewis), 202

  Borghans, Lex, 135

  Boushey, Heather, 49, 124

  Bowles, Hannah Riley, 211–15

  Brain difference, 159–60, 174, 262

  cultural factors in, 40–41, 166

  Braudy, Leo, 267

  Brazil, 6, 81, 151, 237

  Breadwinner wives, 7, 48–77, 265

  and domestic responsibilities, 53–55, 71–77

  media representations of, 55–57

  and impacts of male job loss, 3, 61–63

  versus traditional gender role expectations, 63–70

  Breast-feeding, 75, 221

  Briggs & Stratton, 108–9

  Brin, Sergey, 194

  Bristol-Myers Squibb, 172

  Britain. See United Kingdom

  Brizendine, Louann, 262

  Brodsky, Alexandra, 18

  Brooks, David, 86

  Brown, Tina, 219, 227–29

  Browne, Kingsley, 174

  Brzezinski, Mika, 214

  Buchmann, Claudia, 159

  Buddhism, 45

  Burger King, 179

  Burns, James MacGregor, 199

  Burress, Ashley, 157

  Burt, Laura, 138

  Bush, George W., 148

  Business schools, 26–33, 36, 108, 216, 219, 275. See also specific universities

  Butler, Judith, 60

  California, 92, 251. See also Silicon Valley

  California, University of, 156

  Davis, 201

  San Diego, 188

  Cambridge University, 174

  Canadian Medical Association, 68

  Capone, Al, 178

  Carbone, June, 88

  Carnegie Mellon University, 207–8

  Carroll, Jason Michael, 95

  Carter, Jimmy, 92

  Cassidy, Sukhinder Singh, 226

  Census Bureau, U.S., 92, 153

  Center for American Progress, 49, 124

  Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 20

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 19, 200

  Central California Research Laboratories, 170

  Chasing Stars (Groysberg), 203

  Cheers (television show), 56

  Chicago, University of, 185, 251

  Business School, 216, 218

  Chicopee (Massachusetts), 179

  Child care, 14, 54, 218, 221–22, 224, 242, 264

  government options for, 244

  jobs in, 9, 118, 124

  China, 5, 166

  China Post, The, 239

  Christians, 97

  evangelical, 92, 284n

  Chung, James, 107

  Chung, Vivien, 251–52

  Citigroup, 205

  Civil rights, 132, 148

  Civil Rights Commission, U.S., 146

  Civil War, 128

  Clerical schools, 120, 130

  Clovis (California), 169

  Coal (television show), 87

  Cognitive dissonance, 33

  Cohen, Bernard, 68

  Cold War, 152

  Colorado, 170

  Colombia, 55, 81, 237

  Color Me Flo (Kennedy), 65

  Columbia University, 119

  Business School, 200

  Comedy Central, 126–27, 143

  Competition, 52, 174, 244

  academic, in Korea, 232–33

  for college admissions, 160

  in traditional societies, 174, 188–89

  Confucianism, 233, 234, 257

  Congress, U.S., 205

  Cookie magazine, 11

  Coontz, Stephanie, 51

  Cooper, Hannah, 113–17, 119–20, 123–24, 126–27, 130, 141–43

  Cornwell, Patricia, 176

  Cosby, Bill, 90

  Cosmopolitan magazine, 31, 40

  Creal, Cameron, 156

  Creative Korea party, 249

  Crime, violent, 175–85

  against women, decline in, 19, 176, 182

  committed by women, 176–78, 184–85

  Daily Beast, The, 219, 228

  “Dancing on My Own” (song), 44

  Dating sites, 52, 255

  Daum, Meghan, 31

  Delahunty, Jennifer, 158–59

  Deloitte Consulting, 141, 226

  Delta Kappa Epsilon, 17

  Democratic Party, 148

  Denney, Leandra, 88

  Denny’s, 179

  Despentes, Virginie, 238, 256

  Diana Chronicles, The (Brown), 228

  Diary of a Wimpy Kid (Kinney), 190

  DiPrete, Thomas A., 159

  Divided Labours (Browne), 174

  Divorce, 39–40, 49, 66–68, 94, 98, 101, 269

  in Asia, 6, 238, 255

  of breadwinner wives and unemployed husbands, 51, 81–82

  and career opportunities for women, 152–53, 157

  custody of children after, 125

  financial impacts of, 68, 91, 283n

  murder as alternative to, 170, 172

  regional differences in rates of, 92
/>
  Doctors, female, 59, 117, 132, 255–56

  specialties chosen by, 118, 140

  Domestic violence, 14, 170, 183

  Drew, Ina, 202–3

  Druggists’ Bulletin, 129

  Drug Topics magazine, 131

  Duke University, 43

  Dunham, Lena, 43

  Dushane, Melodi, 179

  eBay, 224

  Ebony magazine, 89

  Economist, The, 253

  Ecuador, 55

  Edge City (Garreau), 133

  Edin, Kathryn, 92–93

  Education Department, U.S., 161, 224

  Ehrenreich, Barbara, 41, 63

  Eliot, George, 163

  Eliot, Lise, 161, 174

  Ellis, Bret Easton, 173

  El-Scari, Mustafaa, 89–90

  Empowerment, 30, 38, 45, 190

  EMTs, 264

  Engineers, 13, 54, 73, 80, 108, 150, 196

  England, Paula, 24–25

  Enlightened Power (Gergen), 199

  Ericsson, Ronald, 11–13

  Ernst & Young, 226

  Erotic capital, 30, 37–38

  Esteve, Albert, 237–38

  Evans, Harry, 228

  Evans, Jenelle, 179

  Ewha University, 232–33, 239

  Facebook, 181, 195, 197, 215, 224, 225, 230

  Faludi, Susan, 9

  Farber, Henry, 86

  Farrell, Warren, 69, 72

  Fast-food restaurants, female violence in, 179

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 176

  Fels, Anna, 217

  Feminism, 11, 12, 14–15, 21, 50, 60, 65–66, 75–76, 155, 182, 233

  accusations against, 160

  career opportunities and, 115, 124, 129, 152, 198, 215, 219

  changing cultural norms in response to, 175

  erotic capital and, 30

  in Iceland, 202

  motherhood and, 75–76, 93, 125

  second-wave, 58

  sexual norms and, 37–38, 41

  Title IX complaints filed by, 17

  in views of murders by women, 178

  Financial planning, 118

  Fiorina, Carly, 219

  Fisher, Helen, 266

  Flaubert, Gustave, 118

  Flexibility, workplace, 140

  Florida, Lottery, winners in, 94

  Florida State University, 42

  Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 12

  Food preparation, 118, 124

  Forbes magazine, 205

  Forensic pathology, 118

  Fort Lauderdale (Florida), 81, 180

  Fortune 500 companies, 81, 198

  Fortune magazine, 205

  Fox Television, 225

  France, 117, 237, 251, 252