Gertrude Bell
Page 60
Marshall, Horace (cousin of GLB), 21, 32
GLB’s letters to, 43, 50–51
Marshall, Thomas, 21, 112
Marshall, Lt. Gen. Sir William, 278
Mathon (mountain guide), 76, 77–78
Matterhorn mountain, Switzerland, 91–92
Maude, Gen. Sir Stanley, 272, 276–77, 278, 310
GLB writes of, 276–77
May, Major, 284
McMahon, Sir Henry, High Commissioner for Egypt, 239, 250
correspondence with Hussain, 243, 248, 345, 359
Mecca, Saudia Arabia, 243, 244, 335, 337, 339, 341
Medina, Saudia Arabia, 338, 341
Meije mountain, France, 74, 76–77
Meissner, Heinrich August (railway engineer), 209
Melos, Greece, 112–13
Mesopotamia: definition, 244, 277
and India, 244, 245, 249, 250
under Turkish rule, 279
British rule, 288
Department of Pious Bequests, 294
judicial system, 291–92
The Arab of Mesopotamia, 270
Review of the Civil Administration of Mesopotamia, xix, 293, 310, 329, 371, 445n
“Self-Determination in Mesopotamia”, 308
see also place names
Mesopotamian Campaign, 244, 256, 262–63
Mesopotamian League, 322
Mhailam (escort), 192
Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, 8, 9, 11, 12, 20, 35, 72
Port Clarence, 4, 7, 9, 60, 65
railway station, 13
Washington New Hall, 5, 6, 9
Winter Garden, 36
Miletus, Turkey, 128
Mill, John Stuart, 62, 70, 73
Misma mountains, Saudi Arabia, 167, 191, 192
Missing Sewell, Elizabeth, 25
Moab hills, Jordan, 99
Mons campaign, 223
Mont Blanc mountain, France, 80
Montagu, Sir Edwin, British Secretary of State for India, 330–31, 353, 355
Montessori, Maria, 24
Morris, William, 4, 5, 18, 65
Mosul, Mesopotamia, 300, 322, 381, 400, 411
1917, 289
1918, 311
Mount Grace Priory, near Northallerton, Yorkshire, 6, 7, 142, 407, 414, 418
Mount Hermon, Palestine, 215
mountaineering, 74–93, 121
Mshetta, Jordan, 176
Mudi (wife of Muhammad ibn Rashid), 195, 202–203, 204
Muhammad (Druze muleteer), 99, 102
Muhammad (Hasineh Sheikh), 108
Muhammad (Kurdish Sheikh), 400–401
Muhammad Abu Tayyi, Sheikh, 187, 188
Muhammad al-Bessam, 169, 170
Muhammad al-Marawi (guide), 169, 170, 171–72, 173, 184, 192, 194, 196–97, 201
Muhammad Beg (of Amman), 178
Muhammad Hussain Khan, 207
Muhammad ibn Rashid, 195, 199
Musa, Wady, 101
Mustafa (farm worker), 184
Mustafa Pasha, Khanikin chief, 310
N
Najaf, Iraq, 110, 205, 207, 247, 294, 320
pilgrim burial at, 289
in 1917, 300
Naji, Haji, 370, 384, 414
Namoud (merchant), 115
Namrud, Abu, 178
Naqib see Abdul Rahman, Sayyid
National Portrait Gallery, 69
Nasiriyeh, Iraq, 262
Nefud desert, 167, 171, 192–93, 197, 207
Nejd desert, 107, 110, 167, 170, 181, 191, 192, 211, 266
New York Times, 383
Newcastle upon Tyne, 4–5, 7, 9
Nîmes, France, 55
Nixon, Gen. Sir John, 245
Nolde, Baron Emmanuel, 167
North Eastern Railway (Britain), 4, 7, 13, 61, 219
Nuri Pasha Said, 361, 381
Nusr ed Din, 104
O
oil, 244, 273, 286
Olliffe, Florence, see Bell, Florence
Olliffee, Dr. Sir Joseph, 10, 24
Olliffe, Lady, 12–13, 24, 28, 46, 65
Olliffe, Mary, see Lascelles Mary,
Olliffe, Tommy, 28, 33
Ottoman Bank, 170
Ottoman Empire, 95, 166, 174–75, 176, 181, 210, 218, 238, 271, 278–89, 280
Oxford University: GLB a student, 32, 37–41, 42, 142
archaeological expedition, 411
P
Palestine, 313, 353–57
Balfour Declaration, 353, 356, 369
discussed at Cairo Conference, 368–69
see also place names
Palmyra, Syria, 107, 214
Pankhurst, Christabel (suffragette), 71
Paradis, Marie (climber), 80
Paris, France: Florence Olliffe’s early life in, 10, 11, 12
GLB in, 1904, 113–14
Office of Wounded and Missing Enquiry Department, 220, 224, 225
GLB in, with father, 1919, 304
Hotel Majestic, 348, 349
Paris Peace Conference, 1919, 303, 305–308, 311–12, 318, 319, 322, 330, 347, 355, 359
Treaty of Versailles, 357
Parkinson, Dr. Sir Thomas, 406
Parliament, British, 4, 329, 407
Pattinson, Margaret (later Lady Bell
grandmother of GLB), 5, 6, 33, 65
Pease, Will, 139
Pergamon, Turkey, 113
Persia, 50–55, 56, 285
Persian language, 50, 57, 97, 109
Petra, Jordan, 100, 101
Philby, Harry St. John Bridger, 268, 373–75
photography, 112, 188
Pichon, Stéphen, 350
Picot, François Georges, 250, 345, 350
“pilgrim corpses,” 289
Port Said, Egypt, 160, 161, 241, 313
Poynter, Sir Edward, 16
Q
Queen’s College, London, 29–32
Quz Abu-al-Ir, battle, 336
R
Rabegh, Saudi Arabia, 340, 341
Railway, North Eastern (in Britain), 4, 7, 13, 61, 219
railway, Turkish (in Mesopotamia), 213, 219, 243, 245
construction, 209
attacked, 323, 344
Ramadi, tribal gathering at, 376–79
Ramsay, Sir William, 110, 119–20, 127–28, 129, 130, 137
Rashids, 166, 190, 205, 206, 215, 266
Red Barns, Redcar, 5, 9, 11, 13–14, 18, 19, 20, 21–22, 54, 64
ill.
Red Cross, 222
Wounded and Missing Enquiry Department, see under Boulogne
London
Paris
Redcar, North Yorkshire, 5, 11, 33
beach, 18, 21
park, 21
railway stop, 13
Reeves, Mr. (of Royal Geographical Society), 112
Reichenbach Falls, Switzerland, 82
Reinach, Prof. Salomon, 113–14
religion, 31, 62, 63–64
Revue Archéologique, 113, 114
Richmond, Vice-Admiral Sir Herbert, 128, 405
Ritchie, Anne, Lady, 30, 257
Ritchie, Sir Richmond, British Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, 168, 257
Riu tribe, 206
River Clyde (ship), 155, 156, 157, 160
Riyadh, 166, 205
Ibn Saud takes, 266
Robins, Elizabeth (actress), 24, 49, 70, 139
Robinson, William, 68
Rocky Mountains, 64, 91
Romania, 42–44
Rosen, Friedrich (German Consul in Jerusalem) and Nina, 96, 97, 98, 102, 109
Ross, Sir Edward Denison, Director, School of Oriental Studies, London, 56–57, 58, 64
Rounton, Yorkshire, 8
East Rounton church, 92
Rounton Grange, 5, 6, 54, 65, 131, 134, 135, 140, 408
garden, 66, 67–69, 419
described, 64
tapestry, 65, 419
Doughty-Wylie’s visit, 137–38
in WWI, 217, 220
Bells leave, 407, 418
demolished, 418–19
ill.
Royal Air Force, 318, 397, 400
Royal Flying Corps, 247
Royal Geographical Society, 112, 165, 169
Founder’s Medal, 286
Gill Memorial Award, 69
Royal Photographic Society, 111
Rumi, Jalal ad-Din, 131
Russell, Bertrand, 3rd Earl, 10
Russell, Diana, 221, 222, 224, 230
Russell, Flora, 47, 65, 69, 221, 223, 224
letters to, 56
Russia: 1914, 233
and Kurds, 1917, 310
1918, 304
Ruwalla tribe, 175, 189, 195, 205
S
Sackville-West, Vita, 412–13
Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, 261
Safeh territory, Syria, 117
Safwat Pasha, Treasurer to King Faisal, 391
Saleh village, Syria, 117
Salih (watchman of Hayyil), 196
Salim (nephew of Muhammad alMarawi), 184
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of, British Prime Minister, 117
Salkhad, Syria, 102, 103, 116, 118
“salon power,” 122
Salt, Jordan, 115
Samuel, Sir Herbert, High Commissioner for Palestine, 356, 368
San Remo Pact, 345, 358
Santa Flavia, Sicily, 113
Sargent, John Singer, 406
Sasun Effendi Eskail, 362, 363, 366
Saudi Arabia, 206, 396
Sayyid (of Hayyil), 196, 201, 203
Sayyid ibn Murted, Sheikh, 190
Sayyid the Sherari (camel driver), 184, 190, 211
School of Oriental Studies, London, 50, 56
Schreckhorn mountain, Switzerland, 81
Secunderabad Hospital, Le Touquet, France, 226
Sedd-el-Bahr village, Traq, 155–56, 158
Shahraban, Iraq, 323
Shakespear, Capt. William H. I., 166–67, 266, 374
Shalash, Ramadhan, 322
Shamiyah tribe, 271
Shammar tribe, 166, 184, 188, 190, 192, 198, 301, 322
Shatt-al-Arab, 244, 256, 261, 387
Shaw, Lt,-Col. G. H., 234
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 214
Sherarat tribe, 115, 188, 190, 192
Shia tribes, 206, 279–80, 292, 300, 320, 321, 362, 375
Shield, Mary (later Bell
mother of GLB), 9, 16, 163
ill.
Simeon Stylites, 118
Simla, India, 256
Sinderson, Dr. Sir Harry, Dean, Baghdad Medical College, 405
Spencer, Herbert, 38
Spring-Rice, Sir Cecil, British Ambassador to the U.S., 297
Stanley, Sylvia (née Henley), 113, 407, 408, 409
Stanley of Alderley, Lady, 10, 12, 32
Stanley of Alderley, Lord, 50
Stark, Freya, 123
Steed, Wickham, editor, The Times, 351
Storrs, Sir Ronald, 241–42, 243, 282, 314, 337, 339–40, 359, 399
Strachey, John St. Loe, 220
Strong, S. Arthur, 58
Strutt, E. L., 92
Strzygowski, Josef, 114, 119, 125
Sudan, 291, 292
Suez Canal, 94
Suffrage and suffragettes, 24, 69–72
suicide, 152–53, 154, 157, 413–14
Sulaiman tribe, 189–90
Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, 294, 309, 310, 311, 312, 400
Sunday Times (London), 366
Sunni sect, 209, 279–80, 292, 320, 361–62
Sykes, Sir Mark, 241, 250, 307, 345, 355
death, 348
Sykes-Picot Agreement, 307, 311, 344–45, 353
Faisal learns of, 345, 349–50
Syria: and WWI outbreak, 218–19
in Sykes-Picot Agreement, 345, 349
and Franco-British Declaration, 1918, 307, 346–47, 351
Faisal as King, 357–59
under French Mandate, 357–60
see also place names
T
Tafas village, Hejaz, Arabia, 346
Taif, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, 335, 337, 339
Talbot, Mary, 40, 48
Talib, Sayyid, Iraq Interior Minister, 219, 247, 366–67, 372
Tallal, Sheikh of Tafas, 346
taxation, Iraq, 289–90, 323–24, 332
Taylor, A. J. P., 227
Thesiger, Wilfred, 261
Thomas, Capt. (musican), 369
Thomas, Lowell J., 366
Thompson, Campbell, 258, 260–61
Tigris River, 244, 245, 274, 281
GLB at, 1909, 110
1914, 209, 210
1917, 289
journey down, 1919, 303
GLB describes, 1921, 381–82
picnic by, 1922, 392
Times (London), 42, 44, 132, 221
GLB’s obituary notices, 415, 417, 418
Times of India, 417–18
Tod, Arthur, 209
Tod, Aurelia, 209, 317
Tokyo, 67
Townshend, Maj.-Gen. Charles, 263
Transjordan, 365, 368, 396, 397, 399
Treaty of Lausanne, 399
Treaty of Versailles, 357
Trenchard, Air Marshal Sir Hugh M., 1st Viscount Trenchard, 365
Trevelyan, George, 405
Trevelyan, Pauline, 406–407
Tur Abdin plateau, Anatolia, 125
Turkey and Turks: army, 246
GLB’s prewar travels in, 110, 111
Faisal with army, 336, 338
and Armenians, 323
and Arab Revolt, 337, 338–39, 341–46
on outbreak of WWI, 218, 219
1917, 299–300
at Kut, 263
at Tafal, 346
after WWI, 307
Treaty of Lausanne, 399–400
1924 invasion, 400
tripartite treaty with Britain and Iraq, 412
see also Constantinople
Ottoman Empire
Young Turks
Turkiyyeh (of Hayyil), 195–96, 199, 202, 203, 204
U
Ukhaidir palace, Iraq, 110, 124, 132
ill.
Ur, Iraq, 261, 410
utilitarianism, 62, 63
V
Versailles, Treaty of, 357
Victoria, Queen, 8
Vogue, 220, 315
W
Wahabi sect (Akhwan), 166, 175, 266, 308, 396–97, 398
Wales, 142
Walford, Capt. Garth, 155–56
Wallington Hall, Northumberland, 67
Wang, Kirsten, 14
War Office, 218, 219, 226, 228, 230, 231, 245, 249, 285, 318–19
“fear telegram,” 220, 231
Joint War Committee Report, 1914, 226–27, 228, 231
Mesopotamian Campaign, 266
Ware, Major Fabian, 230
Washington New Hall, near Newcastle upon Tyne, 5, 6, 9
water, in desert, 105, 106, 175, 185, 186, 206
Watson, Sir Harry, 314
Webb, Philip (architect), 18, 64–65
Weizmann, Chaim Azriel, President of Israel, 354–55, 356
Wejh, Saudi Arabia, 343, 344
Wemyss, Rosslyn, Admiral of the Fleet, 1st Baron Wester-Wemyss, 341
Whymper, Edward (climber), 79, 91
Williams, Col. Weir, 155, 156
Wilson, Sir Arnold (A. T.), Civil Commissioner for Iraq: character and career, 265–66, 325–26
at Basra, 265–66, 272
in Baghdad, 283, 284, 301, 302, 303, 307–308, 316, 318, 324, 325–30, 331–32, 367
view of GLB, 326–28
leaves Baghdad, 333
subsequent career, 333
at Paris Peace Conference, 311–12, 349
at Cairo Conference, 366
Wilson, J. M. 410
Wilson, Woodrow, U.S. President, 287, 305–306, 319, 347, 351
Wingate, Gen. Sir Reginald F., Governor-General of the Sudan, Sirdar of the Egyptian Army, 208, 285, 341
&nb
sp; Wizeh, Iraq, 211
women in Baghdad, 316–18
Howeitat, 188
suffrage and suffragettes, 24, 69–72
see also harems
Woolf, Virginia, 25
Woolley, Leonard, 161, 241, 410, 415
ill.
Wordsworth, Elizabeth, 37–38, 39
World War I, 94, 111, 147–48, 149, 217, 221
trench warfare, 221, 233
U.S. enters, 287
1918, 304–305
Armistice, 305
see also Gallipoli
Wounded and Missing Enquiry Department: Boulogne office, 147, 221–34, 237, 371
London office, 224, 234, 235, 236
Paris office, 220, 224, 225
Y
Yahya Beg, 104, 123, 268
Yasin Pasha, Gen. al-Hashimi, Prime Minister of Iraq, 328
Yazidi sect, 300
Yenbo, Saudi Arabia, 341–43
Young, Hubert W., 389
Young Turks, 132, 243, 309, 337, 338
Ypres, battle, 147–48, 221
Z
Zagros mountains, Iran, 244
Zaid ibn Hussain, Emir: in Arab revolt, 339, 340, 342
subsequently, 359, 394, 401, 403
Zaiya (servant), 401–402
Zamil ibn Subhan, 195, 202, 215
Zionism, 313, 353–55, 368–69
Zionist Commission, 356
Ziza, Jordan, GLB in, 1914, 145, 176–77, 180, 181